Nutritional composition of some wild plant foods and honey used by Hadza foragers of Tanzania.
Abstract
We report compositional data for several foods that comprise the annual diet among Hadza foragers near Lake Eyasi in northern Tanzania. Samples collected during daily gathering trips over three fieldwork seasons were prepared according to Hadza methods. All three types of honey show moisture and starch levels similar to United States' honeys but higher levels of protein, fat, and ash. Several samples had significant fat levels probably due to the inclusion of bee larvae. The macronutrient composition of six fruits is comparable to those of agricultural fruits, although they were somewhat higher in crude protein, carbohydrate, and energy and somewhat lower in fat. Baobab seed flour and fruit pulp are low in energy compared with most previously published results, partially because our study measured fiber directly, unlike the methods used in any other studies. Baobab seed is high in protein and fat as reported in other studies. Our field observations, in combination with our analytical data, suggest that baobab seed is an important source of energy and protein for these foragers.
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Western diets are more sugar-rich and energy-dense than more "traditional" diets and wild foods.
“For example, while Western diets are certainly more sugar-rich and energy-dense than more “traditional” diets and wild foods [4], [8], [9], many hunter-gatherers seasonally consume a large portion of their daily calories as honey [10], [11] (Fig. S2), which has high concentrations of glucose and fructose [12].”
From Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Murray, S. S., Schoeninger, M. J., Bunn, H. T., Pickering, T. R., & Marlett, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schoeninger, Margaret J.
- Venue
- Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-13
- ISSN
- 0889-1575 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2025885988
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
- Keywords
- wild plant foods, honey, baobab seeds, fruit composition, macronutrient composition, energy content, protein content, fat content, dietary fiber, bee larvae, traditional food preparation
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