Composition of tubers used by Hadza foragers of Tanzania.
Abstract
Data are presented on three edible species of tuber (Vigna frutescens, Eminia entennulifa, and Ipomoea transvaalensis) consumed by Hadza foragers in northern Tanzania. These species are collected almost year-round by Hadza women but previous analyses of their micronutrient composition are variable and provide results based on the analysis of whole tuber. We examined only edible portions of tuber by simulating chewing in the presence of salivary amylase and by removing from analysis the typically expectorated inedible component. Edible portions of the three peeled tubers ranged from 42.5 to 91.8 g/100 g dry wt., were low in protein (2.3-6.9 g/100 g dry wt.), and contained 19.6-26.0 g/100 g of starch. The sum of monosaccharides and disaccharides ranged from 6.2 g/100 g in the Vigna frutescens to 48.3 g/100 g of edible portion of Ipomoea transvaalensis. In addition, our analysis of 5 samples of Vigna frutescens had a 5-fold range in energy available to consumers, an important consideration for energetic studies. This range was due, in part, to the variation in edible portion (20.8-75.4 g/100 g of edible dry tuber). Our data, in comparison with those reported previously, show generally lower energy levels and higher levels of indigestible material for some of these tubers. These discrepancies are likely due to differences in analysis of whole tuber versus edible portion, method of measuring indigestible carbohydrate, and age of tuber.
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Western diets are more sugar-rich and energy-dense than more "traditional" diets and wild foods.
“For example, while Western diets are certainly more sugar-rich and energy-dense than more “traditional” diets and wild foods [4], [8], [9], many hunter-gatherers seasonally consume a large portion of their daily calories as honey [10], [11] (Fig. S2), which has high concentrations of glucose and fructose [12].”
From Hunter-gatherer energetics and human obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [8]
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Lemurs in Mangroves and Other Flooded Habitats
Donati, G., Eppley, T. M., Ralison, J. M., Youssouf, J., & Ganzhorn, J. U. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316466780.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Worldwide Patterns in the Ecology of Mangrove-living Monkeys and Apes
Nowak, K., & Coles, R. L. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316466780.008 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Beltrão‐Mendes, R., & Ferrari, S. F. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316466780.012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tsuji, Y., & Kazahari, N. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316466780.019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Godlove, J., Lyimo, L. D., Tryphone, G. M., Hamisy, W., van Zonneveld, M., & N’Danikou, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2025.1562474 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Perlman, R. F., Beehner, J. C., Koenig, A., & Lu, A. (2024) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103545 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Diet and Brain Evolution: Nutritional Implications of Large Human Brain Size
Leonard, W. R., Snodgrass, J. J., & Robertson, M. L. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Consequences of Lakeside Living for the Diet and Social Ecology of the Lake Alaotran Gentle Lemur
Waeber, P. O., Ralainasolo, F. B., Ratsimbazafy, J., & Nievergelt, C. M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316466780.035 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tapper, S., Johnson, C. L., Lenoël, A., Vining, A. Q., Stewart, F. A., & Stewart, A. P. F. S. A. P. F. (2019) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schoeninger, M. J., Bunn, H. T., Murray, S. S., & Marlett, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schoeninger, Margaret J.
- ORCID
- Bunn, Henry T.
- Venue
- Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 15-25
- ISSN
- 0889-1575 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085354828
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food and Agricultural Sciences
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Keywords
- tubers, edible portion, macronutrient composition, starch, non-digestible carbohydrates, salivary amylase, energy availability, tuber age
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