Brown Adipose Tissue and Browning Agents: Irisin and FGF21 in the Development of Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Abstract
In the pediatric population, especially in early infancy, the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the highest. Further in life BAT is more active in individuals with a lower body mass index and one can expect that BAT is protective against childhood obesity. The development of BAT throughout the whole life can be regulated by genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. Three distinct adipose depots have been identified: white, brown, and beige adipocytes. The process by which BAT can become beige is still unclear and is an area of intensive research. The "browning agents" increase energy expenditure through the production of heat. Numerous factors known as "browning agents" have currently been described. In humans, recent studies justify a notion of a role of novel myokines: irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in the metabolism and development of obesity. This review describes a possible role of irisin and FGF21 in the pathogenesis of obesity in children.
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Irisin glycopeptide triggers BDNF expression.
“After cleavage of the signal peptide and cleavage of the site flanking the fibronectin domain, irisin glycopeptide is produced that triggers BDNF expression [189,190].”
From BDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Agent in Parkinson’s Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [189]
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- Authors
- Pyrżak, B., Demkow, U., & Kucharska, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Pyrżak, B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 866
- Pages
- 25-34
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- OpenAlex
- W425878978
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 10.99
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Keywords
- brown adipose tissue, irisin, FGF21, childhood obesity, adolescents, beige adipocytes, energy expenditure, myokines, obesity pathogenesis, adipose tissue development
- MeSH terms
- Uncoupling Protein 1, Adolescent, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Child, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Fibronectins, Humans, Ion Channels, Obesity, Maillard Reaction, Thermogenesis, Mitochondrial Proteins, Lipid Metabolism, Cell Transdifferentiation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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