The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue
Open accessAbstract
Classically, adult humans have been considered not to possess active brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, positron‐emission‐tomography has shown fluorodeoxyglucose uptake that is distributed in such a way ( e.g. , in the neck) that it would seem to be BAT. Until now this has not been supported by direct evidence that these areas truly represented BAT, that is, the presence of the BAT‐unique uncoupling protein‐1 (UCP1). Samples of adipose tissue from the neck of 35 patients undergoing surgery for thyroid diseases were obtained and analyzed. In 1/3 of the subjects (the younger and leaner), distinct islands composed of UCP1 immunoreactive brown adipocytes could clearly be discerned, accounting for up to 1/3 of all adipocytes. The brown‐adipose islands were richlysympathetically innervated (indicating acute central control); adjacent white adipose areas were not. The capillary density was high, implying a high capacity for oxygen delivery. Cells with features of brown adipocyte precursors were found in pericapillary areas. These data demonstrate that human adults indeed possess BAT and thus imply possibilities of future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity, including maintenance of brown adipocytes and stimulation of the growth of preexisting brown precursors.—Zingaretti, M. C., Crosta, F., Vitali, A., Guerrieri, M., Frontini, A., Cannon, B., Nedergaard, J., Cinti, S. The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue. FASEB J. 23, 3113–3120 (2009). www.fasebj.org
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Recent studies have shown that adult humans maintain potentially active brown adipose tissue, making this high energetic tissue a real therapeutic target.
“Second, recent studies have shown that adult humans maintain potentially active brown adipose tissue, making this high energetic tissue a real therapeutic target 13–17.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [17]
PET/CT imaging was used to prove conclusively that adult humans possess physiologically active UCP1-positive BAT.
“However, it was only during the past year PET/CT imaging was used to prove conclusively that adult humans possess physiologically active UCP1-positive BAT,13–17.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [17]
Given the scanning data and the finding of brown adipocyte precursors in human tissues, it is likely that virtually every adult human has the capacity to develop some functional BAT.
“Given the scanning data and the finding of brown adipocyte precursors in human tissues 17, it is likely that virtually every adult human has the capacity to develop some functional BAT.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [17]
Histological analysis of cervical fat biopsies show rates three times higher than retrospective PET/CT reports.
“However, histological analysis of cervical fat biopsies show rates three times higher 17, and prospective studies using cold stimulation to increase BAT activity and detection via PET/CT show that among younger people, 96% have functional BAT 14.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [17]
Adult human BAT is functional and may be involved in protecting against weight loss.
“Although it has only recently been proven that adult human BAT is functional and may be involved in protecting against weight loss 13–17, attempts to exploit BAT energy expenditure for treating obesity have been around for decades.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [17]
Such depots appear to be less active as a function of aging and/or obesity.
“Such depots appear to be less active as a function of aging and/or obesity (151, 164 -167).”
From The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [167]
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White-to-brown transdifferentiation of omental adipocytes in patients affected by pheochromocytoma
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Aging, obesity, sarcopenia and the effect of diet and exercise intervention
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Browning of white adipose tissue: lessons from experimental models
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- Authors
- Zingaretti, M. C., Crosta, F., Vitali, A., Guerrieri, M., Frontini, A., Cannon, B., Nedergaard, J., & Cinti, S.
- Affiliations
- Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Cinti, Saverio
- Venue
- The FASEB Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-05-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3113-3120
- ISSN
- 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6860
- OpenAlex
- W2115313813
- Cited by
- 725
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 80 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 42.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RVC Research Online (Royal Veterinary College) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet (BBR57M_005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- brown adipose tissue, UCP1, brown adipocytes, sympathetic innervation, capillary density, obesity treatment
- MeSH terms
- Uncoupling Protein 1, Adolescent, Adult, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Capillaries, Female, Humans, Ion Channels, Male, Neck, Thyroid Diseases, Mitochondrial Proteins, Adipocytes, Brown, Young Adult
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