Coiled-Coil Design: Updated and Upgraded
Abstract
α-Helical coiled coils are ubiquitous protein-folding and protein-interaction domains in which two or more α-helical chains come together to form bundles. Through a combination of bioinformatics analysis of many thousands of natural coiled-coil sequences and structures, plus empirical protein engineering and design studies, there is now a deep understanding of the sequence-to-structure relationships for this class of protein architecture. This has led to considerable success in rational design and what might be termed in biro de novo design of simple coiled coils, which include homo- and hetero-meric parallel dimers, trimers and tetramers. In turn, these provide a toolkit for directing the assembly of both natural proteins and more complex designs in protein engineering, materials science and synthetic biology. Moving on, the increased and improved use of computational design is allowing access to coiled-coil structures that are rare or even not observed in nature, for example α-helical barrels, which comprise five or more α-helices and have central channels into which different functions may be ported. This chapter reviews all of these advances, outlining improvements in our knowledge of the fundamentals of coiled-coil folding and assembly, and highlighting new coiled coil-based materials and applications that this new understanding is opening up. Despite considerable progress, however, challenges remain in coiled-coil design, and the next decade promises to be as productive and exciting as the last.
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The small spacing deviation between 3.5 in heptad repeats and 3.6 in ideal α-helices causes the hydrophobic face of a helix with 3.5 spacing to proceed around the helix, leading to supercoiling of helices upon assembly rather than packing in a straight manner.
“Since there is a small spacing deviation between 3.5 in heptad repeats and 3.6 in ideal α-helices, the hydrophobic face of a helix with 3.5 spacing proceeds around the helix, leading to supercoiling of helices upon assembly rather than packing in a straight manner.6”
From Assessment of the Topology and Oligomerisation States of Coiled Coils Using Metadynamics with Conformational Restraints (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
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Self-citationMultistate approaches in computational protein design
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A coiled-coil motif that sequesters ions to the hydrophobic core
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Self-citationTemporal Control of Membrane Fusion through Photolabile PEGylation of Liposome Membranes
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Generalized Crick Equations for Modeling Noncanonical Coiled Coils
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Following polypeptide folding and assembly with conformational switches
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Computer Modelling of the α-Helical Coiled Coil: Packing of Side-chains in the Inner Core
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The Native GCN4 Leucine-Zipper Domain Does Not Uniquely Specify a Dimeric Oligomerization State
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Resolving single membrane fusion events on planar pore-spanning membranes
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Computational design of protein self-assembly.
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De Novo Protein Design as a Methodology for Synthetic Bioinorganic Chemistry
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Targeted anion transporter delivery by coiled-coil driven membrane fusion
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Self-citationArtificial metalloenzymes derived from three-helix bundles
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SCORER 2.0: an algorithm for distinguishing parallel dimeric and trimeric coiled-coil sequences
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Self-citationA De Novo Designed Coiled-Coil Peptide with a Reversible pH-Induced Oligomerization Switch
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Computational protein design of ligand binding and catalysis
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Protein design: Past, present, and future
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Data-Driven Prediction and Design of bZIP Coiled-Coil Interactions
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Design of a Heterotrimeric α-Helical Bundle by Hydrophobic Core Engineering
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Predicting helix orientation for coiled‐coil dimers
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Designed Coiled Coils Promote Folding of a Recombinant Bacterial Collagen
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Self-citationA Hierarchic Approach to the Design of Hexameric Helical Barrels
Ghirlanda, G., Lear, J. D., Ogihara, N. L., Eisenberg, D. S., & DeGrado, W. F. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00233-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Investigating the Tolerance of Coiled-Coil Peptides to Nonheptad Sequence Inserts
Hicks, M. R., Walshaw, J., & Woolfson, D. N. (2002) · Journal of Structural Biology · doi:10.1006/jsbi.2002.4462 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationBale, J. B., Park, R. U., Liu, Y., Gonen, S., Gonen, T., Cascio, D., King, N. P., Yeates, T. O., & Baker, D. A. (2015) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.2748 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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Self-citationCharacterization of a highly flexible self‐assembling protein system designed to form nanocages
Patterson, D. P., Su, M., Franzmann, T. M., Sciore, A., Skiniotis, G., & Marsh, E. N. G. (2013) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.2405 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Structural Plasticity of the Coiled-Coil Domain of Rotavirus NSP4
Sastri, N. P., Viskovska, M., Hyser, J. M., Tanner, M. R., Banks, L. D., Sankaran, B., Prasad, B. V. V., & Estes, M. K. (2014) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02227-14 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Increasing the affinity of selective bZIP‐binding peptides through surface residue redesign
Kaplan, J. B., Reinke, A. W., & Keating, A. E. (2014) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.2477 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Multistate Protein Design Using CLEVER and CLASSY
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Structural Test of the Parameterized-backbone Method for Protein Design
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Design of a heterotetrameric coiled coil
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A non-zipper-like tetrameric coiled coil promotes membrane fusion
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Self-citationConstructing arrays of proteins
Sinclair, J. C. (2013) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Coiled-coil driven membrane fusion: zipper-like vs. non-zipper-like peptide orientation
Versluis, F., Pardo, J. J. D., Voskuhl, J., & Kros, A. (2013) · Faraday Discussions · doi:10.1039/c3fd00061c · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Selective Formation of AAB‐ and ABC‐Type Heterotrimeric α‐Helical Coiled Coils
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Alpha-Helical Peptide Assemblies
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Coiled‐coil length: Size does matter
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De Novo Design of Xeno‐Metallo Coiled Coils
Slope, L. N., & Peacock, A. F. A. (2015) · Chemistry - An Asian Journal · doi:10.1002/asia.201501173 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Strong Contributions from Vertical Triads to Helix-Partner Preferences in Parallel Coiled Coils
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Self-citationCrystal Structure of the Escherichia coli Peptide Deformylase
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A silk purse from a sow's ear — bioinspired materials based on α-helical coiled coils
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Heterotrimeric Coiled Coils with Core Residue Urea Side Chains
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Manipulation of protein-complex function by using an engineered heterotrimeric coiled-coil switch
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A de novo designed hexameric coiled-coil peptide with iodotyrosine
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Multicomponent peptide assemblies
Raymond, D. M., & Nilsson, B. L. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c8cs00115d · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Protein Design: From the Aspect of Water Solubility and Stability
Qing, R., Hao, S.-L., Smorodina, E., Jin, D., Zalevsky, A. O., & Zhang, S.-G. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00757 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Recent advances in de novo protein design: Principles, methods, and applications
Pan, X., & Kortemme, T. (2021) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100558 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Power to the protein: enhancing and combining activities using the Spy toolbox
Keeble, A. H., & Howarth, M. R. (2020) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d0sc01878c · Cited by 189 · see citing works
DeepCoil—a fast and accurate prediction of coiled-coil domains in protein sequences
Ludwiczak, J., Winski, A., Szczepaniak, K., Alva, V., & Dunin-Horkawicz, S. (2018) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1062 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
A brief history of de novo protein design: minimal, rational, and computational.
Woolfson, D. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167160 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationC CB uilder 2.0: Powerful and accessible coiled‐coil modeling
Wood, C. W., & Woolfson, D. N. (2017) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.3279 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationConstructing ion channels from water-soluble α-helical barrels
Scott, A. J., Niitsu, A., Kratochvil, H. T., Lang, E. J. M., Sengel, J. T., Dawson, W., Mahendran, K. R., Mravic, M., Thomson, A. R., Brady, R. L., et al. (2021) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-021-00688-0 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Structure and Topology of α-Helical Coiled Coils
Lupas, A. N., Baßler, J., & Dunin-Horkawicz, S. (2017) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49674-0_4 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Understanding a protein fold: The physics, chemistry, and biology of α-helical coiled coils
Woolfson, D. N. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104579 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Moreover, they have been used widely as rules for protein design by many groups to deliver many de novo – designed coiled-coil peptides and proteins (12, 14, 51, 70, 80), which are described in more detail below.”
Self-citationThe Structural Biology of Septins and Their Filaments: An Update
Cavini, Í. A., Leonardo, D. A., Rosa, H. V. D., Castro, D. K. S. V., Pereira, H. M., Valadares, N. F., de Araújo, A. P. U., & Garratt, R. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.765085 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Assembling membraneless organelles from de novo designed proteins
Hilditch, A. T., Romanyuk, A. V., Cross, S., Obexer, R., McManus, J. J., & Woolfson, D. N. (2023) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-023-01321-y · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationSignal transduction in photoreceptor histidine kinases
Möglich, A. (2019) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.3705 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
De Novo-Designed α-Helical Barrels as Receptors for Small Molecules.
Thomas, F., Dawson, W., Lang, E. J. M., Burton, A. J., Bartlett, G. J., Rhys, G. G., Mulholland, A., & Woolfson, D. (2018) · ACS Synthetic Biology · doi:10.1021/acssynbio.8b00225 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationCoiled coil-based therapeutics and drug delivery systems.
Utterström, J., Naeimipour, S., Selegård, R., & Aili, D. (2020) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.012 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Membrane binding controls ordered self-assembly of animal septins
Szuba, A., Bano, F., Castro-Linares, G., Iv, F., Mavrakis, M., Richter, R. P., Bertin, A., & Koenderink, G. H. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.63349 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
De novo design of discrete, stable 310-helix peptide assemblies
Kumar, P., Paterson, N. G., Clayden, J., & Woolfson, D. N. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04868-x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationPeptide Assembly Directed and Quantified Using Megadalton DNA Nanostructures
Jin, J., Baker, E. G., Wood, C. W., Bath, J., Woolfson, D. N., & Turberfield, A. J. (2019) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b04251 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, F., Gnewou, O. M., Modlin, C., Beltrán, L. C., Xu, C., Su, Z., Juneja, P., Grigoryan, G., Egelman, E. H., & Conticello, V. P. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20689-w · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulated in Coiled‐Coil Peptide Barrels
Mann, F. A., Horlebein, J., Meyer, N. F., Meyer, D., Thomas, F., & Kruss, S. (2018) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201800993 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Angiogenic Self-Assembling Peptide Scaffolds for Functional Tissue Regeneration
Sarkar, B., Nguyen, P. K., Gao, W., Dondapati, A., Siddiqui, Z., & Kumar, V. (2018) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01137 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Kumar, P., & Woolfson, D. N. (2021) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab631 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationCoiled coils 9-to-5: rational de novo design of α-helical barrels with tunable oligomeric states
Dawson, W., Martin, F. J. O., Rhys, G. G., Shelley, K. L., Brady, R. L., & Woolfson, D. N. (2021) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d1sc00460c · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf-assembly and regulation of protein cages from pre-organised coiled-coil modules
Lapenta, F., Aupič, J., Vezzoli, M., Strmšek, Ž., Vela, S. D., Svergun, D., Carazo, J., Melero, R., & Jerala, R. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21184-6 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
De novo coiled-coil peptides as scaffolds for disrupting protein–protein interactions
Fletcher, J. M., Horner, K. A., Bartlett, G. J., Rhys, G. G., Wilson, A. J., & Woolfson, D. N. (2018) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c8sc02643b · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationNavigating the Structural Landscape of De Novo α-Helical Bundles
Rhys, G. G., Wood, C. W., Beesley, J. L., Zaccai, N. R., Burton, A. J., Brady, R. L., Thomson, A. R., & Woolfson, D. N. (2019) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.8b13354 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationAutonomously Assembled Synthetic Transmembrane Peptide Pore
Smrithi Krishnan, R., Satheesan, R., Puthumadathil, N., Kumar, K. S., Jayasree, P., & Mahendran, K. R. (2019) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.8b09973 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
De novo designed peptides for cellular delivery and subcellular localisation
Rhys, G. G., Cross, J. A., Dawson, W. M., Thompson, H. F., Shanmugaratnam, S., Savery, N. J., Dodding, M. P., Höcker, B., & Woolfson, D. N. (2022) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-022-01076-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationPeptide–Protein Interactions: From Drug Design to Supramolecular Biomaterials
Caporale, A., Adorinni, S., Lamba, D., & Saviano, M. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26051219 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hurdiss, D. L., Kazzi, P. E., Bauer, L., Papageorgiou, N., Ferrón, F., Donselaar, T., van Vliet, A. L. W., Shamorkina, T. M., Snijder, J., Canard, B., et al. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj7615 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Liu, X., Huang, Z., Wu, C., Zhang, F., Han, A., Stalin, A., Lu, S., Guo, S., Huang, J., et al. (2022) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106460 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Rath, S., Fatma, S., & Das, S. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409238.2025.2497270 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Khazina, E., & Weichenrieder, O. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.34960 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cano‐Muñoz, M., Cesaro, S., Morel, B., Lucas, J., Moog, C., & Conejero‐Lara, F. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11040566 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Functional and Structural Roles of Coiled Coils
Hartmann, M. D. (2017) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49674-0_3 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Guiding Biomolecular Interactions in Cells Using de Novo Protein–Protein Interfaces
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Self-citationDe novo design of a reversible phosphorylation-dependent switch for membrane targeting
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- Authors
- Woolfson, D. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Woolfson, Derek N.
- ORCID
- Woolfson, Derek N.
- Venue
- Subcellular Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 82
- Pages
- 35-61
- ISSN
- 0306-0225 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2579233876
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 17.68
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/L01386X/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Keywords
- alpha-helical coiled coil, protein folding, protein-protein interaction domains, rational protein design, de novo protein design, protein assembly, synthetic biology, protein-based materials
- MeSH terms
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical, Animals, Humans, Models, Molecular, Proteins, Protein Folding, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
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