The DOI matches its Crossref record; 174 of the 174 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Liver Lipid Metabolism
Open accessAbstract
Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic heart disease associated with obesity relative to men. Sex hormones have been proposed as a mechanism that differentiates this risk. In this review, we discuss the literature around how the endogenous sex hormones and hormone treatment approaches after menopause regulate fatty acid, triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism to influence cardiovascular risk. The important regulatory functions of estrogen signaling pathways with regard to lipid metabolism have been in part obscured by clinical trials with hormone treatment of women after menopause, due to different formulations, routes of delivery, and pairings with progestins. Oral hormone treatment with several estrogen preparations increase VLDL triglyceride production. Progestins oppose this effect by stimulating VLDL clearance in both humans and animals. Transdermal estradiol preparations do not increase VLDL production or serum triglycerides. Many aspects of sex-differences in atherosclerotic heart disease risk are influenced by the distributed actions of estrogens in muscle, adipose and liver. In humans, 17β estradiol (E2) is the predominant circulating estrogen, and signals through Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), Estrogen Receptor beta (ER β) and G-protein coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER). Over 1000 human liver genes display a sex-bias in their expression, and the top biological pathways are in lipid metabolism and genes related to cardiovascular disease. Many of these genes display variation depending on estrus cycling in the mouse. Future directions will likely rely on targeting estrogens to specific tissues, or specific aspects of the signaling pathways in order to recapitulate the protective physiology of pre-menopause therapeutically after menopause.
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Cites
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Cited by
Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism
Palmisano, B. T., Zhu, L., Eckel, R. H., & Stafford, J. M. (2018) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.008 · Cited by 522
Self-citationMetabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in health and dyslipidaemia
Borén, J., Taskinen, M.-R., Björnson, E., & Packard, C. J. (2022) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-022-00676-y · Cited by 315
Lonardo, A., & Suzuki, A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9051278 · Cited by 129
Critical role of estrogen in the progression of chronic liver diseases
Ezhilarasan, D. (2020) · Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International · doi:10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.03.011 · Cited by 96
Jaroenlapnopparat, A., Charoenngam, N., Ponvilawan, B., Mariano, M., Thongpiya, J., & Yingchoncharoen, P. (2023) · Menopause · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000002133 · Cited by 48
Metadata
- Authors
- Palmisano, B. T., Zhu, L., & Stafford, J. M.
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 1043
- Pages
- 227-256
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- OpenAlex
- W2774259180
- Cited by
- 527
- References
- 174
- FWCI
- 77.45
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Palmisano, B. T., Zhu, L., & Stafford, J. M. (2017). Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Liver Lipid Metabolism. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_12
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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