Student Engagement in Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Open accessAbstract
Engaging students in their learning, and within their learning community, is a key goal of educators. However, ongoing discussions about its nature, conceptualization, and measurement have led to a diffusion of the concept’s understanding, and ability to apply it within both research and practice. This chapter draws on theoretical and empirical primary and secondary ODDE research, and provides an overview of student engagement and disengagement, particularly as they relate to educational technology. The four dimensions of behavioral, affective/emotional, cognitive, and social (dis-)engagement are presented, alongside example indicators. In addition, a bioecological model of student engagement is explored with explicit links to digital learning. The chapter concludes by providing open questions and directions for future research, including further emphasis and exploration needed on the role of social engagement in ODDE contexts, as well as disengagement as a separate construct.
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Behaviourally engaged learners take actions that support learning and are directly influenced by teaching methods, technologies, and educational modes.
“Engagement theory suggests that behaviourally engaged learners are those who take actions that support learning and are directly influenced by teaching methods, technologies, and educational modes (Bond & Bergdahl, 2022).”
From Unpacking student engagement in higher education learning analytics: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as Bond & Bergdahl, 2022
In “Indicators of Student Engagement in ODDE” (page unavailable), the chapter identifies homework completion as an observable indicator of behavioral engagement. “The Mesosystem Level” says educational modes and resources create conditions that affect engagement, and the chapter also discusses teachers’ learning designs. It does not establish that teaching methods, technologies, and educational modes each directly influence behavioral engagement specifically; its account of those influences is broader and more qualified. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Bond, M., & Bergdahl, N.
- Affiliations
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Bond, Melissa
- Venue
- Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Singapore
- Published
- 2022
- Pages
- 1-16
- OpenAlex
- W4297837276
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 49.72
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Online and Blended Learning
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
- Keywords
- student engagement, student disengagement, open and distance learning, online learning, educational technology, social engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement, bioecological model, engagement metrics
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