Cited by 367Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

Common pathological processes in Alzheimer disease and type 2 diabetes: A review

Li, Lin, Hölscher, Christian·2007·Brain Research Reviews

Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are conditions that affect a large number of people in the industrialized countries. Both conditions are on the increase, and finding novel treatments to cure or prevent them are a major aim in research. Somewhat surprisingly, AD and T2DM share several molecular processes that underlie the respective degenerative developments. This review describes and discusses several of these shared biochemical and physiological pathways. Disturbances in insulin signalling appears to be the main common impairment that affects cell growth and differentiation, cellular repair mechanisms, energy metabolism, and glucose utilization. Insulin not only regulates blood sugar levels but also acts as a growth factor on all cells including neurons in the CNS. Impairment of insulin signalling therefore not only affects blood glucose levels but also causes numerous degenerative processes. Other growth factor signalling systems such as insulin growth factors (IGFs) and transforming growth factors (TGFs) also are affected in both conditions. Also, the misfolding of proteins plays an important role in both diseases, as does the aggregation of amyloid peptides and of hyperphosphorylated proteins. Furthermore, more general physiological processes such as angiopathic and cytotoxic developments, the induction of apoptosis, or of non-apoptotic cell death via production of free radicals greatly influence the progression of AD and T2DM. The increase of detailed knowledge of these common physiological processes open up the opportunities for treatments that can prevent or reduce the onset of AD as well as T2DM.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.09.001

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Authors
Li, L., & Hölscher, C.
Affiliations
  • Shanxi Medical University (CN)
  • University of Ulster (GB)
Corresponding author
Hölscher, Christian
Venue
Brain Research Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-12
Volume
56
Issue
2
Pages
384-402
ISSN
0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1999356704
Cited by
367
References
255
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 32
FWCI
2.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, insulin signaling, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor, protein misfolding, amyloid fibril formation, apoptosis, free radicals, energy metabolism, glucose utilization, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Insulin, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Neurofibrillary Tangles, tau Proteins, Glycation End Products, Advanced

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