The effect of time-out release contingencies on changes in child noncompliance
Abstract
This project evaluated the effect of time-out release contingencies on changes in child noncompliance to maternal instructions. Twenty-four clinic-referred, non-compliant, preschool children served as subjects. Each child was assessed under baseline conditions and then under one of three experimental conditions: Parent Release, Child Release, or Control. Children in the Parent Release and Child Release conditions experienced time-out contingent upon noncompliance. Temporal and behavioral time-out release contingencies were present in the Parent Release condition but not in the Child Release condition. A spanking procedure was used to inhibit premature escape from time-out for children in Parent Release group. The results indicated that both time-out groups demonstrated increased compliance ratios. However, improvement associated with the Child Release condition was considered to be clinically insignificant.
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The disparity with Gershoff (2002) arose because the present meta-analysis coded effect sizes from three experimental compliance studies differently.
“The disparity arose because we coded the effect sizes from the three experimental studies of compliance (Bean & Roberts, 1981; Day & Roberts, 1983; Roberts & Powers, 1990) differently.”
From Spanking and child outcomes: Old controversies and new meta-analyses. (2016) · cites this paper as Bean & Roberts, 1981
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- Authors
- Bean, A. W., & Roberts, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Idaho State University (US)
- ORCID
- Roberts, Mark W.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 1981-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 95-105
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W2055294985
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- time-out, child noncompliance, preschool children, spanking, escape behavior, parent-child interaction, clinic-referred children
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Cooperative Behavior, Humans, Mother-Child Relations, Punishment, Social Isolation, Time Factors
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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