Recruitment properties of monopolar and bipolar epimysial electrodes
Abstract
Muscle force was studied as a function of stimulus parameters, epimysial electrode position relative to nerve supply, and muscle length to provide insight into the properties of motor prostheses that employ epimysial electrodes. The results of the acute experiments indicated that the dependence of recruitment (force versus stimulus amplitude) on muscle length was minimal for a monopolar electrode positioned close to nerve entrance or 5 mm proximal to the motor point. The selectivity of stimulation (minimal activation of adjacent muscles) was best, and the recruitment rate the highest, for an electrode placed close to the nerve entrance. A bipolar pair of electrodes placed on the superficial surface of the muscle opposite to the nerve entrance gave better selectivity than the monopolar electrode at the low end of the recruitment range, and poorer selectivity at the high end. This electrode configuration required greater stimulus currents and exhibited a lower recruitment gain than was obtained for a monopolar electrode in the same position. Examination of tissue surrounding the electrode 30 days after implantation showed that the fibrous tissue encapsulating the electrode had been incorporated into the fascial layer. Slightly larger dependence on muscle length and lower selectivity of stimulation were measured after encapsulation than were measured in the acute experiments.
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Another problem derives from the lack of selective, size-programmed activation of motor units within each muscle, thus limiting the period of use by muscle fatigue.
“Another problem derives from the lack of selective, size-programmed activation of motor units within each muscle, thus limiting the period of use by muscle fatigue”
From A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems (2005) · cites this paper as Grandjean and Mortimer, 1986
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- Authors
- Grandjean, P. A., & Mortimer, J. T.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- ORCID
- Mortimer, J. Thomas
- Venue
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 1986-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-66
- ISSN
- 0090-6964 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-9686
- OpenAlex
- W1988497775
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Annals of Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (N01-NS-0-2330)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- monopolar electrodes, bipolar electrodes, muscle recruitment, muscle force, motor points, stimulation selectivity, muscle length, electrode encapsulation, fascia, implantation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biomedical Engineering, Cats, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Muscles, Neuromuscular Junction, Prostheses and Implants
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