Understanding complex behavior: The transformation of stimulus functions
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The transformation of stimulus functions is said to occur when the functions of one stimulus alter or transform the functions of another stimulus in accordance with the derived relation between the two, without additional training. This effect has been demonstrated with a number of derived stimulus relations, behavioral functions, experimental preparations, and subject populations. The present paper reviews much of the existing research on the transformation of stimulus functions and outlines a number of important methodological and conceptual issues that warrant further attention. We conclude by advocating the adoption of the generic terminology of relational frame theory to describe both the derived transformation of stimulus functions and relational responding more generally.
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It has long been known that Pavlovian eliciting and operant avoidance functions, among others, may alter or transform in accordance with how events are related.
“It has long been known that Pavlovian eliciting and operant avoidance functions, among others, may alter or transform in accordance with how events are related (Dougher, Augustson, Markham, Greenway, & Wulfert, 1994; Dymond & Rehfeldt, 2000; Vervoort, Vervliet, Bennett, & Baeyens, 2014).”
From Relapse of anxiety-related fear and avoidance: Conceptual analysis of treatment with acceptance and commitment therapy (2020) · cites this paper as Dymond & Rehfeldt, 2000
The ‘Transfer of Functions Through Equivalence’ section reports that respondent eliciting functions can transfer through stimulus equivalence, and the paper describes functions transforming according to derived relations. Its ‘Future Directions’ section discusses avoidance responses in anxiety as a possible application, but does not establish that operant avoidance functions have been shown to transform in this way. No page numbers were available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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“…associated with shock, but simply by virtue of being in the equivalence relation with A. Transfer of function has been demonstrated with a number of different behavioral functions, including avoidant responses, preferences, self-discrimination, and moods (see Dymond & Rehfeldt, 2000, for a review).”
BackgroundA Derived Transfer of Mood Functions Through Equivalence Relations
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Schlund, M. W., Cataldo, M. F., & Hoehn‐Saric, R. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The transfer of Cfunc contextual control through equivalence relations
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Effects of select and reject control on equivalence class formation and transfer of function
Perez, W. F., Tomanari, G. Y., & Vaidya, M. (2015) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.164 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
NODAL STRUCTURE AND THE PARTITIONING OF EQUIVALENCE CLASSES
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Stimulus Relatedness in Equivalence Classes: Interaction of Nodality and Contingency
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Smith, B. M., Smith, G. S., & Dymond, S. (2020) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.573 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationCollective Editorial: Ten Guidelines for Strategic Social Action
Sánchez, J. G. A., Cihon, T. M., Malott, M. E., Mattaini, M. A., Rakos, R. F., Rehfeldt, R. A., Richling, S. M., Roose, K. M., Seniuk, H. A., & Watson‐Thompson, J. (2020) · Behavior and Social Issues · doi:10.1007/s42822-020-00038-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Neurological evidence of acceptance and commitment therapy effectiveness in college-age gamblers
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Still, K., May, R. J., Rehfeldt, R. A., Whelan, R., & Dymond, S. (2015) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2015.04.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
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The Continuity Strategy, Human Behavior, and Behavior Analysis
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Self-citationCONTEXTUAL CONTROL BY FUNCTION AND FORM OF TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
Perkins, D. R., Dougher, M. J., & Greenway, D. E. (2007) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2007.36-04 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the Cognitive Behavioral Tradition
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Dymond, S., & Critchfield, T. S. (2001) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392034 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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Gannon, S., Roche, B., Kanter, J. W., Forsyth, J. P., & Linehan, C. (2011) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395758 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“In particular, the derived transfer of function effect (see Dymond & Rehfeldt, 2000) has been used to explain why people display avoidance in situations where there appears to be no history of direct conditioning for such behavior (see also Barlow, 2002).”
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Editorial: Rendezvous With Truth and Discovery
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Self-citationGuinther, P. M., & Dougher, M. J. (2014) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-014-0012-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Halvey, C., & Rehfeldt, R. A. (2005) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03393007 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficiency Is Everything: Promoting Efficient Practice by Harnessing Derived Stimulus Relations
Critchfield, T. S. (2018) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-018-0262-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Establishing Contextual Control Over Generalized Equivalence Relations
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Self-citationMoran, L., Walsh, L., Stewart, I., McElwee, J., & Ming, S. (2015) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.12.015 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Derivación de funciones psicológicas
Soriano, M. C. L., & Martín, S. G. (2001) · Psicothema · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Values: A Core Guiding Principle for Behavior-Analytic Intervention and Research
Paliliunas, D. (2021) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-021-00595-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Why We Are Not Acting to Save Ourselves: ACT, Health, and Culture
Rehfeldt, R. A., & Tyndall, I. T. (2021) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-021-00592-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationGibbs, A. R., Tullis, C. A., Conine, D. E., & Fulton, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/s10882-023-09901-z · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Beyond freedom and dignity at 40: Comments on behavioral science, the future, and chance (2007)
Leigland, S. (2011) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392258 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rehfeldt, R. A., & Dymond, S. (2005) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395505 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneralization of causal efficacy judgments after evaluative learning
Dack, C., McHugh, L., & Reed, P. (2009) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/lb.37.4.336 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Derived relations and generalized alteration of preferences
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Relatedness of Equivalence Class Members: Combined Effects of Nodality and Relational Type
Albright, L. K., Fields, L., Reeve, K. F., Reeve, S. A., & Kisamore, A. N. (2019) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-019-00329-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Munnelly, A., & Dymond, S. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.01.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Equivalence Relations: A Reply
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A mediational theory of equivalence relations and transformation of function
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The Gradual Extinction of Transferred Avoidance Stimulus Functions
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Modelling the direct and indirect effects of thought suppression on personal choice
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A Relational Frame Theory Account of the Emergence of Sexual Fantasy
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Fearful Faces and the Derived Transfer of Aversive Functions
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Slot Machine Preferences of Pathological and Recreational Gamblers Are Verbally Constructed
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Emergent response allocation and outcome ratings in slot machine gambling.
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Values intervention as an establishing operation for approach in the presence of aversive stimuli
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The impact of derived relational responding on gambling behavior.
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Equivalence relations and the contextual control of multiple derived stimulus functions
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Rule-governed behavior: An ongoing RFT-based operant analysis
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OPTIMIZING LINKED PERCEPTUAL CLASS FORMATION AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTION
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Teoría de los marcos relacionales: algunas implicaciones para la psicopatología y la psicoterapia
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Effects of Nodal Distance on Conditioned Stimulus Valences Across Time
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The fear factor: A functional perspective on anxiety
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Formación de categorías pictóricas a través de relaciones de equivalencia
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A Historical Perspective on the Future of Behavior Science
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Real-Time Contingent Feedback to Enhance Punching Performance
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- Authors
- Dymond, S., & Rehfeldt, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Anglia Ruskin University (GB)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dymond, Simon
- Rehfeldt, Ruth Anne
- Venue
- The Behavior Analyst
- Published
- 2000-10
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 239-254
- ISSN
- 0738-6729 (ISSN-L)
- 2196-8918
- PMC
- PMC2731337
- OpenAlex
- W1411190305
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Behavior Analyst (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Keywords
- derived stimulus relations, relational responding, relational frame theory, stimulus functions, derived relations, behavioral functioning, stimulus control
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