An Experimental Test of a Cognitive Defusion Exercise: Coping With Negative and Positive Self-Statements
Open accessIntegrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous laboratory-based component studies have found improvements in variables immediately following a brief ACT intervention.
“Previous laboratory-based component studies have found improvements in variables immediately following a brief ACT intervention (e.g., Healy et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2012).”
From Comparing in-the-moment skill coaching effects from tailored versus non-tailored acceptance and commitment therapy mobile apps in a non-clinical sample (2019) · cites this paper as Healy et al., 2008
Recent studies have begun to demonstrate the positive effects of defusion.
“Recent studies have begun to demonstrate the positive effects of defusion (e.g., Healy et al., 2008).”
From How Exactly Do I “Let Go”? The Potential of Using ACT to Overcome the Relaxation Paradox (2014) · cites this paper as Healy et al., 2008
The NTA has been used in previous experimental studies to elicit rumination and measure the immediate effects of cognitive defusion exercises.
“The NTA has been used in previous experimental studies to elicit rumination and measure the immediate effects of cognitive defusion exercises [30,41,42].”
From A Virtual Reality–Based Cognitive Defusion Application for Youth Depression and Anxiety: Mixed Methods Experimental Study. (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
Cites
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587 · see citing works
(1999) · Cited by 5,934 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.615 · Cited by 3,236 · see citing works
Spielberger, C. D. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0943 · Cited by 2,535 · see citing works
Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., Polusny, M. A., Dykstra, T. A., Batten, S. V., Bergan, J., et al. (2004) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395492 · Cited by 2,140 · see citing works
Self-citationRelational frame theory: a post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition
Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Hayes, S. C., Barnes‐Holmes, D., & Roche, B. T. (2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-2482 · Cited by 1,974 · see citing works
Self-citationRelational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition
(2001) · doi:10.1007/b108413 · Cited by 1,296 · see citing works
Self-citationBach, P., & Hayes, S. C. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.5.1129 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
The Role of Acceptance and Job Control in Mental Health, Job Satisfaction, and Work Performance
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2003) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1057 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Kross, E., Ayduk, O., & Mischel, W. (2005) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01600.x · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Acceptance-based treatment for smoking cessation
Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Antonuccio, D. O., Piasecki, M. M., Rasmussen-Hall, M. L., & Palm, K. M. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80015-7 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Levitt, J. T., Brown, T. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80018-2 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
The Impact of Acceptance Versus Control Rationales on Pain Tolerance
Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R. T., Korn, Z., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I. S., Cooper, L. D., & Grundt, A. M. (1999) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395305 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Masuda, A., Hayes, S. C., Sackett, C. F., & Twohig, M. P. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.10.008 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., & Masuda, A. (2006) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2005.02.001 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
(2005) · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Titchener, E. B. (1914) · MacMillan Co eBooks · doi:10.1037/10907-000 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Comparison between an acceptance-based and a cognitive- control-based protocol for coping with pain
Gutiérrez, O., Luciano, C., Rodríguez, M., & Fink, B. C. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80019-4 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationFernández, E., & Turk, D. C. (1994) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01858009 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kanter, J. W., Kohlenberg, R. J., & Loftus, E. F. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/b:cotr.0000021542.40547.15 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Decentering and Related Constructs: A Critical Review and Metacognitive Processes Model
Bernstein, A., Hadash, Y., Lichtash, Y., Tanay, G., Shepherd, K., & Fresco, D. M. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615594577 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
How effective are acceptance strategies? A meta-analytic review of experimental results
Kohl, A., Rief, W., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.03.004 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Using Brief Cognitive Restructuring and Cognitive Defusion Techniques to Cope With Negative Thoughts
Larsson, A., Hooper, N., Osborne, L. A., Bennett, P., & McHugh, L. (2016) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445515621488 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Masuda, A., Twohig, M. P., Stormo, A. R., Feinstein, A. B., Chou, Y.-Y., & Wendell, J. W. (2010) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.08.006 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“” (Healy et al., 2008).”
Herzberg, K. N., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., Credé, M., Earleywine, M., & Eifert, G. H. (2012) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0027782 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Comparing thought suppression and acceptance as coping techniques for food cravings
Hooper, N., Sandoz, E. K., Ashton, J., Clarke, A., & McHugh, L. (2012) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.10.002 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“The results, which are consistent with previous defusion research conducted in other domains (Healy et al., 2008; Masuda, Hayes, Sackett, & Twohig, 2004), suggest that defusion prevents a rebound in eating an avoided food from occurring following a period of abstinence, while thought suppression only serves to increas…”
ResultCognitive defusion in acceptance and commitment therapy: What are the basic processes of change?
Assaz, D. A., Roche, B., Kanter, J. W., & Oshiro, C. K. B. (2018) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-017-0254-z · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“This idea is not entirely novel and has been briefly considered in at least one previous publication (Healy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBarrable, A., Παπαδάτου-Παστού, Μ., & Tzotzoli, P. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-018-0233-z · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Masuda, A., Feinstein, A. B., Wendell, J. W., & Sheehan, S. T. (2010) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445510379632 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Several published analogue studies are now available, demonstrating positive effects of defusion strategies (e.g., Healy et al., 2008; Masuda, Hayes, Sackett, & Twohig, 2004) and related techniques, such as acceptance and mindfulness (e.g., Campbell-Sills, Barlow, Brown, & Hofmann, 2006; Eifert &…”
BackgroundMoffitt, R., Brinkworth, G., Noakes, M., & Mohr, P. (2012) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2012.694436 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“In contrast, when individuals defuse from their thoughts and view these thoughts from a detached perspective they are less likely to be taken literally and to dominate behaviour (Harris, 2009; Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, & Lillis, 2006; Healy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialCognitive fusion and pain experience in young people
Solé, E., Tomé-Pires, C., de la Vega, R., Racine, M., Castarlenas, E., Jensen, M. P., & Miró, J. (2016) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000227 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Beadman, M., Das, R. K., Freeman, T. P., Scragg, P., West, R., & Kamboj, S. K. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.03.013 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Most studies on defusion have investigated its effects on self-critical thoughts (Healy et al., 2008; Masuda, Feinstein, Wendell, & Sheehan, 2010; Masuda, Hayes, Sackett, & Twohig, 2004; Masuda, Hayes, Twohig, Drossel, & Washio, 2009).”
Hinton, M. J., & Gaynor, S. T. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100906 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“The CD protocol used herein emphasized vocalizing strategies, but there are myriad other defusion techniques that could be studied (see Healy et al., 2008 for an example).”
MethodMandavia, A., Masuda, A., Moore, M., Mendoza, H., Donati, M. R., & Cohen, L. L. (2015) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.02.003 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kishita, N., Muto, T., Ohtsuki, T., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2014) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.12.001 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationScott, W., McCracken, L. M., & Trost, Z. (2013) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/2049463713514736 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
López‐López, J. C., & Luciano, C. (2017) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-017-0250-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Experimental Investigation of Cognitive Defusion
Pilecki, B. C., & McKay, D. (2012) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395784 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The initial validation of a state version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire
Bolderston, H., Gillanders, D. T., Turner, G., Taylor, H. C., Ní Mhaoileoin, D., & Coleman, A. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.04.002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Brief defusion exercises have been shown to reduce the believability and unhelpful impact of negative thoughts when compared to distraction conditions, measured using visual analogue scales (e.g., Healy et al., 2008; Masuda et al., 2010; Mandavia et al., 2015).”
MethodCognitive Defusion Versus Thought Distraction in the Mitigation of Learned Helplessness
Hooper, N., & McHugh, L. (2013) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.11133/j.tpr.2013.63.1.016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Their findings indicated that distress levels were reduced after just 3 to 10 s, and believability was reduced after 20 to 30 s. Healy et al. (2008) investigated the impact of an alternative defusion technique on self-negative statements.”
BackgroundResultMeningkatkan Percaya Diri Siswa melalui Teknik Cognitive Defusion
Saputra, W. N. E., & Prasetiawan, H. (2018) · Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling · doi:10.17977/um001v3i12018p014 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The impact of acceptance-based versus avoidance-based protocols on discomfort
Luciano, C., Molina, F., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Barnes-Holmes, D., Valdivia-Salas, S., Cabello, F., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Rodríguez-Valverde, M., & Wilson, K. G. (2010) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445509357234 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“The present data are consistent with previous research where acceptance and defusion protocols showed a slight reduction in discomfort (Healy et al., 2008; Masuda et al., 2004, 2009; McMullen et al., 2008; Páez-Blarrina et al., 2008a), although the mixed components of the respective protocols…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationPrudenzi, A., Rooney, B., Presti, G., Lombardo, M., Lombardo, D., Messina, C., & McHugh, L. (2019) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-018-0372-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the Cognitive Behavioral Tradition
Chin, F. T., & Hayes, S. C. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00007-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Levin, M. E., Navarro, C., Cruz, R. A., & Haeger, J. (2019) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2018.1503706 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Previous laboratory-based component studies have found improvements in variables immediately following a brief ACT intervention (e.g., Healy et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2012).”
Defusion: A behavior-analytic strategy for addressing private events
Snyder, K., Lambert, J., & Twohig, M. P. (2011) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/bf03391779 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Similar findings have resulted from additional studies in which researchers evaluated the efficacy of defusion alone (Deacon, Fawzy, Lickel, & Wolitzky-Taylor, 2011; Healy et al., 2008; Masuda, Hayes, Sackett, & Twohig, 2004; Masuda et al., 2009; Masuda et al., 2010) or in combination with acceptance metaphors (Forman…”
BackgroundResultBrief Acceptance-based Protocols Applied to the Work with Adolescents
(2009) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wilson, K. G., Bordieri, M. J., Flynn, M. K., Lucas, N. N., & Slater, R. M. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118001851.ch10 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationEmbodied and Embedded Mindfulness and Compassion Framework
Khoury, B., Lesage, M., Kasprzyk, A., Sadowski, I., Manova, V., Benchimol-Elkaim, B., Martins, C. D., Rigas, C., & Rej, S. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02561-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Similarly, placing the prefix “ I am having the thought that… ” before a difficult or distressing thought (Healy et al., 2008) can be used to transform words into “literary stimuli”.”
The Language of Psychological Change
North, R. J., Meyerson, R. L., Brown, D. N., & Holahan, C. J. (2012) · Journal of Language and Social Psychology · doi:10.1177/0261927x12456381 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Detached awareness diminishes the detrimental aspects of negative emotions (Hayes & Plumb, 2007), and increasing the awareness of negative thoughts has been shown in other studies to reduce discomfort and negative emotions (Healy et al., 2008; Masuda, Hayes, Sackett, & Twohig, 2004).”
BackgroundLavelle, J., Dunne, N., Mulcahy, H. E., & McHugh, L. (2021) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-021-00478-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Healy et al. (2008) observed that said defusion exercise resulted in reduced discomfort with negative self-statements and undermined the believability of same while increasing willingness to experience such psychological content in future.”
BackgroundMethodThe Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept
Zhang, B., Wang, M., Li, J., Yu, G., & Bi, Y. (2011) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395744 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Tyndall, I., Papworth, R., Roche, B., & Bennett, M. (2017) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-017-0227-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Duff, H., Larsson, A., & McHugh, L. (2016) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.11.003 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“ACT clinicians encourage clients to 'defuse' from their negative private experiences by viewing their thoughts in a less rigid and more flexible way, rather than considering them to be true and having literal meaning (Healy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodThe impact of derived relational responding on gambling behavior.
Dymond, S., & Roche, B. T. (2010) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hooper, N., Dack, C., Karekla, M., Niyazi, A., & McHugh, L. (2018) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2018.1434156 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“As with previous research in this area (Masuda et al. 2004; Healy et al. 2009; Deacon et al. 2011), the participants in the defusion and EA conditions were also required to complete a number of rating scales investigating the relationship they had with their respective procedures.”
ResultGeorge, B. (2015) · Journal of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence · doi:10.4172/2329-6488.1000205 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Several studies investigated the effect of different defusion techniques for difficult private events instead of applying control-based strategies [18,19].”
BackgroundClen, S. L., Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt05 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“, 2005) and distance from the self in personal perspective (e.g., processing inner experiences from an observational stance; Ayduk & Kross, 2008; Healy et al., 2008).”
BackgroundEl-Ashry, A. M., Abd Elhay, E. S., Taha, S. M., Khedr, M. A., Attalla Mansour, F. S., Alabdullah, A. A. S., Farghaly Abdelaliem, S. M., & El-Sayed, M. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1369160 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Neural Effects of One’s Own Voice on Self-Talk for Emotion Regulation
Jo, H.-J., Park, C., Lee, E., Lee, J. H., Kim, J., Han, S.-J., Kim, J., Kim, E. J., Kim, E., & Kim, J. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14070637 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“A similar intervention showed decreased discomfort and increased willingness and believability of negative statements presented relative to non-defused statements [46].”
BackgroundReed, K. M. P., Cameron, A., & Ameral, V. (2017) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445517730830 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Numerous experimental studies have illustrated how altering the function of a thought through changing the response to the thought is beneficial in reducing distress (Healy et al., 2008; Levitt, Brown, Orsillo, & Barlow, 2004; Masuda, Hayes, Sackett, & Twohig, 2004).”
BackgroundWyssen, A., Leins, J., Reichenberger, J., Jens Blechert, A., Munsch, S., & Steins‐Loeber, S. (2019) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2421 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Donati, M. R., Masuda, A., Schaefer, L. W., Cohen, L. L., Tone, E. B., & Parrott, D. J. (2019) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.550 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Psychologically Flexible Self-Acceptance
Jeffcoat, T., & Hayes, S. C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6806-6_5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Curran, J., Darling, J., Rogers, P., & Gournay, K. (2012) · British Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjmh.2012.1.1.57 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
O’Brien, K. M. (2011) · doi:10.12794/metadc84261 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Cognitive defusion strategies other than Titchener’s repetition have also proven effective in component studies (Healy et al., 2008; Hinton & Gaynor, 2009).”
Mindfulness in cognitive–behavioral therapy
Needleman, L. D., & Cushman1, C. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511781919.014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Toprak, T. B. (2024) · Spiritual Psychology and Counseling · doi:10.37898/spiritualpc.1319545 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wollach, C.-A. H., Cardaciotto, L., Levin, M. E., & Armstrong, S. L. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.03.007 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Defusion training has been found to significantly reduce the discomfort and believability of negative self-referential thoughts and increase willingness to have such thoughts, and does so more than comparison groups (e.g., selftalk, breathing, thought distraction, cognitive restructuring; Healy et al., 2008; Larsson e…”
BackgroundBektaş-Aydın, C., & Yüksel-Şahin, F. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251318283 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Research has shown that cognitive defusion techniques reduce emotional distress associated with thoughts and decrease avoidance behaviors (e.g., Barrera et al., 2015; Healy et al., 2008; Luciano et al., 2014).”
USING BRIEF COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING AND COGNITIVE DEFUSION TECHNIQUES TO COPE WITH NEGATIVE THOUGHTS
Marasigan, P. R. (2019) · Social Values and Society · doi:10.26480/svs.04.2019.11.14 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bell, I. H., Li, C., Thompson, A., Ellinghaus, C., O’Sullivan, S., Reynolds, K. A., Wadley, G., Liu, Y., Bendall, S., Gleeson, J., et al. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/70160 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This procedure was embedded within the Negative Thought Assessment (NTA) [30,41,42] described in the Measures section.”
The Drexel Defusion Scale: Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version
Aydın, G., & Güneri, O. Y. (2021) · Sakarya University Journal of Education · doi:10.19126/suje.770582 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“, 2010; Larsson, Hooper, Osborne, Bennett, & McHugh, 2016), tinnitus (Hesser, Westin, Hayes, & Andersson, 2009), psychological distress and low self-esteem (Hinton & Gaynor, 2010), negative self-statements (Healy et al., 2008), learned helplessness (Hooper & McHugh, 2013), negative body image (Mandavia et al.”
Chastain, A. N., Tarbox, J., Meshes, E., & Wang, Y. (2022) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-022-00511-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Development of a Japanese Version of the State Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire
Kang, R. N., Tanaka, Y., Sato, T., Maeda, S., & Shimada, H. (2023) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.12453 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cognitive Defusion as a Verbal Exercise: An Experimental Approach
de Uralde-Selva, M. D. L. A. L., & Aguayo, L. V. (2021) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2020.103 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Park, C., Song, H., Kim, H., Kim, E., Jo, H.-J., Kim, J., Lee, J. H., & Kim, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/69981 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Anger is eliminated with the disposal of a paper written because of provocation
Kanaya, Y., & Kawai, N. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57916-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Effects of Cognitive Defusion Techniques on Anger Control
유진아, 이서정, & HyunMyoungHo (2013) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2013.32.3.012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
How Exactly Do I “Let Go”? The Potential of Using ACT to Overcome the Relaxation Paradox
Wilson, C. J., Barnes-Holmes, Y., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2014) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244014526722 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Alternatively, Heide and Borkovec (1984) argued that the nature and extent of an individual’s evaluations of the relaxation technique influences the outcome, because the individual is attending to intrusive private events. Indeed, there is some evidence that individuals perceive relaxation exercises as an effort to mo…”
BackgroundSelf-citation권, 효., & 이, 장. (2010) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.3.006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comparing cognitive coping components: An investigation of treatment outcomes and processes
Wall, A. D., & Lee, E. B. (2025) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100893 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tormen, F., & Mascarello, C. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02654-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…thoughts (De Young et al., 2010), but also superior outcomes of defu-sion techniques relative to other cognitive control methods such as expressive suppression or distraction, regarding pain believability and coping with experimentally induced pain (Gutiérrez et al., 2004; Healy et al., 2008).”
Estigma sentido en personas con VIH positivo propuesta de intervención analítica conductual
Rosas, D. O. (2013) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fusion With Self-Referential Labels: Examining A Behavioral Measure
Schnetzer, L. W. (2015) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
VR-Mediated Cognitive Defusion: A Comparative Study for Managing Negative Thoughts
Shigyo, K., Cao, Y., Takahira, K., Fan, M., & Qu, H. (2024) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) · doi:10.1145/3664647.3681504 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Selection of the target negative thought: Participants from both groups were asked to choose a target negative thought from a list of 10 common negative thoughts in supplementary material (C) derived from a study by Healy et al. [16].”
Test-retest reliability and further validity of the cognitive fusion questionnaire
Campbell, L. (2010) · ERA · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vogel, K. (2015) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2015.tde-01042015-102601 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
行動的アセスメントによる脱フュージョンの効果測定 : Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure(2010)を用いた検討
木下, 奈., 大月, 友., 酒井, 美., & 武藤, 崇. (2012) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · doi:10.24468/jjbt.38.3_237 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
En studie av kognitiv omstrukturering och kognitiv defusion för social fobi
Hallberg, C., & Wallander, J. (2013)
Kalske, A. (2015) · Aaltodoc (Aalto University)
Stop Making Sense: Exploring Basic Properties and Clinical Applications of Coherence
Bordieri, M. J. (2014)
Cognitive Defusion Techniques to Improve Self-Confidence of Students
Saputra, W. N. E., & Prasetiawan, H. (2019) · International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI) · doi:10.2991/icei-19.2019.3
“It is potential for Cognitive defusion to be applied to individuals with negative thoughts on their appearance [24].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGobin, K. C. (2019) · YorkSpace (York University)
Difusi Kognitif Remaja: Kebutuhan Video Tutorial Latihan Difusi Kognitif
Wahyuni, E., & Amelia, G. (2020) · Insight Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling · doi:10.21009/insight.092.06
“…percaya diri, pikiran negatif terhadap bentuk tubuh, keyakinan terhadap pikiran negatif, emosi-emosi yang mengganggu, psychological distress, dysphoria, dan harga diri yang rendah (Healy et al., 2008; Hinton & Gaynor, 2010; Mandavia et al., 2015; Masuda et al., 2004; Saputra & Prasetiawan, 2018).”
BackgroundCognitive Defusion and Its Application Research
黄, 楚. (2024) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2024.144198
The impact of a cognitive defusion intervention on behavioral and psychological flexibility
Ritzert, T. R. (2014) · Scholars Archive - University at Albany (University at Albany, State University of New York) · doi:10.54014/dc6h-ehej
Contextual factors associated with psychological inflexibility and distress in adults
Cocksey, J. M. (2011) · University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)
An Empirical Investigation of Self: Bridging the Gap betweenACT, Mindfulness and RFT
Foody, M. (2013) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University)
Kremsmayer, T. P., Blakey, R., Hidrogo, H., & Mata-Machado, N. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2026.1685978
Oppo, A., Pasquini, L., Misitano, A., Savoia, A., & Presti, G. (2026) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100999
(2013) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Healy, H.-A., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., Keogh, C., Luciano, C., & Wilson, K.
- Affiliations
- National University of Ireland, Maynooth (IE)
- University of Almería (ES)
- University of Mississippi (US)
- Venue
- The Psychological Record
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 623-640
- ISSN
- 0033-2933 (ISSN-L)
- 2163-3452
- OpenAlex
- W1541914952
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- The Psychological Record (publishedVersion)
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (acceptedVersion)
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (submittedVersion)
- OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Irish Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive defusion, self-statements, negative self-statements, positive self-statements, self-criticism, psychological content, coping, credibility, willing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
