Decentering and Related Constructs: A Critical Review and Metacognitive Processes Model
Open accessAbstract
The capacity to shift experiential perspective—from within one’s subjective experience onto that experience—is fundamental to being human. Scholars have long theorized that this metacognitive capacity—which we refer to as decentering—may play an important role in mental health. To help illuminate this mental phenomenon and its links to mental health, we critically examine decentering-related constructs and their respective literatures (e.g., self-distanced perspective, cognitive distancing, cognitive defusion). First, we introduce a novel metacognitive processes model of decentering. Specifically, we propose that, to varying degrees, decentering-related constructs reflect a common mental phenomenon subserved by three interrelated metacognitive processes: meta-awareness, disidentification from internal experience, and reduced reactivity to thought content. Second, we examine extant research linking decentering-related constructs and their underlying metacognitive processes to mental health. We conclude by proposing future directions for research that transcends decentering-related constructs in an effort to advance the field’s understanding of this facet of human experience and its role in (mal)adaptation.
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Items in the (non)reactivity to internal experience factor reflect (non)reactivity to thoughts, feelings, and emotions, and therefore reflect reactivity to internal experience beyond thought content per se.
“Second, items in the (non)reactivity to internal experience factor reflect (non)reactivity to thoughts, feelings, and emotions, and therefore reflect reactivity to internal experience beyond thought content per se (Bernstein et al., 2015; Hadash et al., 2017).”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
The “Reduced Reactivity to Thought Content” section describes thoughts having reduced effects on other processes, including emotion, and “Disidentification from internal experience” includes thoughts and emotions among internal states. But the paper does not describe the cited factor’s items or establish that they measure reactivity to feelings and emotions beyond thought content. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredImmersion may amplify emotional and behavioral reactivity to internal experience.
“whereas immersion may amplify emotional and behavioral reactivity to internal experience”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
The Self-distanced perspective section reports less emotional reactivity when people analyze negative memories from a self-distanced rather than self-immersed perspective. The Reduced Reactivity to Thought Content section describes avoidance as a possible behavioral consequence of elevated reactivity to thoughts, but does not link that behavioral response specifically to immersion. The emotional part is supported; the behavioral part is not established for immersion. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIt may be that meta-awareness alone is not directly associated with psychological well-being, and confers psychological benefit only through, or in combination with, non-reactivity and dis-identification with internal experience.
“It may be that meta-awareness, alone, is not directly associated with psychological well-being, and confers psychological benefit only through, or in combination with, non-reactivity and dis-identification with internal experience (Bernstein et al., 2015; Desrosiers, Vine, Curtiss, Klemanski, 2014).”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
In “Decentering and metacognitive awareness” (page unavailable), the review says disidentification may mediate the effects of meta-awareness on mental-health outcomes. But it does not establish that meta-awareness alone lacks a direct association with well-being or that benefit occurs only through or alongside the other processes. “Future Directions—Mental health mechanisms” also proposes possible mechanisms for meta-awareness itself. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEFA and B-ESEM results from Studies 1 and 2 indicated that the MPoD-t was multidimensional and could assess a global higher-order decentering factor and three independent yet related lower-order metacognitive processes: meta-awareness, (dis)identification, and (non)reactivity.
“First, EFA and B-ESEM results from Studies 1 and 2 indicated that the MPoD-t was multidimensional and could be used to assess a global, higher-order decentering factor and three independent yet related lower-order metacognitive processes: meta-awareness (e.g., “I can watch my thoughts and emotions drift by like leaves on a stream.”), (dis)identification with internal experience (e.g., “My sense of”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGreater practice of regulatory skills following mindfulness treatment is associated with increases in decentering.
“a recent empirical study showing that greater practice of regulatory skills following mindfulness treatment was associated with increases in decentering”
From Moderators and mediators of emotion regulation therapy for psychologically distressed caregivers of cancer patients: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial. (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
The ‘Decentering and metacognitive awareness’ section (page unavailable) reports that increases in mindfulness during interventions were associated with increases in a decentering-related measure. It does not report that greater practice of regulatory skills following treatment was associated with increased decentering; it reviews other studies rather than presenting the described empirical study. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
It has been theoretically argued and empirically documented that attention regulation change precedes metacognitive regulation change because decentering relies on attention and mindful awareness.
“it has been theoretically argued and empirically documented, that attention regulation change precedes metacognitive regulation change because decentering, for instance, inherently relies on the individual paying attention to and being mindfully aware of their experience [22,46].”
From Moderators and mediators of emotion regulation therapy for psychologically distressed caregivers of cancer patients: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial. (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
In “Decentering and metacognitive awareness” (page unavailable), the paper says decentering entails observing subjective experience and reports that increases in mindfulness were related to increases in disidentification. It presents the proposed relationship as a hypothesis that the studies begin to test; it does not document that attention-regulation change temporally precedes metacognitive-regulation change. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMindfulness-based decentering has been linked to greater acceptance, reduced avoidance-oriented responding, and less rigid self-focused appraisal.
“Mindfulness-based decentering has been linked to greater acceptance, reduced avoidance-oriented responding, and less rigid self-focused appraisal (34, 36, 63).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [63]
The ‘Decentering and metacognitive awareness’ section (page unavailable) links changes during mindfulness-based interventions to reduced avoidance, and the ‘Cognitive defusion’ section links mindfulness intervention to reduced reactivity to thought content. The paper also reports less belief in negative self-referential thoughts after a related self-as-context manipulation. Greater acceptance, however, is reported for a self-as-context manipulation in adolescents, not specifically for mindfulness-based decentering. (LLM, conf=0.80)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOne of the key ways in which mindfulness transforms the relation with one's inner experiences is through a cognitive shift in perspective, which maintains greater psychological flexibility and enables sustainable well-being.
“One of the core principles of mindfulness is an increased ability to attend to one's thoughts with an attitude of openness and non-judgement, and it has been suggested that one of the key ways in which mindfulness transforms the relation with one's inner experiences (thoughts, emotions, feelings) is through a cognitive shift in perspective (see Bernstein et al., 2015; Shapiro et al., 2006), which”
From Mindfulness-based programs sustainably increase mental health: The role of cognitive fusion and mindfulness practice (2024) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
The Decentering and metacognitive awareness section (page unavailable) reports that mindfulness interventions increased disidentification from internal experience, supporting the claimed shift in perspective. The paper also links that shift to mental health and theorizes that flexible engagement may be adaptive, but its Future Directions section says the mechanisms remain uncertain. It does not establish that the shift maintains greater psychological flexibility or enables sustainable well-being. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn line with previous research, the current study provided supporting evidence for the effectiveness of this mindfulness component compared to a sham intervention.
“In short, in line with previous research (Bernstein et al., 2015; Hoge et al., 2015; Lebois et al., 2015), the current study provided supporting evidence for the effectiveness of this mindfulness component compared to a sham intervention.”
From Mindfulness Effects on Anxiety: Disentangling the Role of Decentering and Treatment Expectations (2024) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
The sections on decentering and metacognitive awareness and on mindfulness report beneficial effects of mindfulness-based interventions, including greater increases in disidentification than in control conditions. They do not establish that the particular mindfulness component was effective compared with a sham intervention; the cited review discusses broader interventions and controls. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAffective cognitive control and self-perspective processing have been posited as theoretical components of decentering.
“These include (1) affective cognitive control and (2) self-perspective processing, both of which have been posited as theoretical components of decentering.6 29”
From Protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating an intervention to boost decentering in response to distressing mental experiences during adolescence: the decentering in adolescence study (DECADES) (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
In “Decentering and metacognitive awareness” (page unavailable), the paper identifies meta-awareness, disidentification from internal experience, and reduced reactivity to thought content as its proposed components of decentering. In “Future Directions > Neurobiological bases” (page unavailable), it suggests mapping those components to neurocognitive processes such as cognitive control and self-referential processing. It does not posit affective cognitive control and self-perspective processing themselves as the two theoretical components claimed. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCognitive fusion can be associated with a deficit in metacognitive goal setting and strategies leading to increased reactivity to dysfunctional thought content.
“Consistent with metacognitive process models, cognitive fusion can be associated with a deficit in metacognitive goal setting and strategies leading to the increased reactivity to dysfunctional thought content (102).”
From Developing a mechanism-based therapy for acute psychiatric inpatients with psychotic symptoms: an Intervention Mapping approach (2023) · cites this paper as [102]
In the Cognitive defusion section (page not provided), the paper says cognitive fusion reflects increased reactivity to thought content. It does not attribute that reactivity to deficits in metacognitive goal setting or strategies; its discussion of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire instead distinguishes fusion-related reactivity from meta-awareness. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCognitive defusion has been found to generally improve functioning, reduce dysfunctional attitudes, anxiety, negative affect, post-traumatic-like symptoms, and sleep difficulties.
“Cognitive defusion has been found to generally improve functioning, reduce dysfunctional attitudes, anxiety, negative affect (102) and also post-traumatic-like symptoms (129) and sleep difficulties (130).”
From Developing a mechanism-based therapy for acute psychiatric inpatients with psychotic symptoms: an Intervention Mapping approach (2023) · cites this paper as [102]
In the Cognitive defusion section (Empirical links to mental health; page unavailable), the review links gains in defusion to improved functioning and reduced dysfunctional attitudes, anxiety sensitivity, and negative affect. The cited passage says these outcomes were related to gains in defusion, rather than establishing that defusion generally caused them; it also specifies anxiety sensitivity, not anxiety broadly. Post-traumatic-like symptoms and sleep difficulties carry separate citations in the citing sentence and are not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCognitive defusion shares significant variance with constructs such as deliteralization, decentering, distancing and detached mindfulness.
“Cognitive defusion for example shares significant variance with constructs such as deliteralization, decentering, distancing and detached mindfulness (102).”
From Developing a mechanism-based therapy for acute psychiatric inpatients with psychotic symptoms: an Intervention Mapping approach (2023) · cites this paper as [102]
The Abstract identifies cognitive defusion (also called deliteralization), decentering, cognitive distancing, and detached mindfulness as constructs reflecting a common phenomenon to varying degrees. The Summary of conceptual definitions and empirical findings describes theoretical similarities and differences, but does not establish significant shared variance. The Metacognitive mode and detached mindfulness section says the authors are unaware of direct empirical study of detached mindfulness, so the statistical claim goes beyond the review. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBernstein et al. (2015) posit that decentering helps individuals reduce time spent engaging in negative self-referentiality and allows them to better attend to cues associated with goal directed behavior.
“Bernstein et al. (2015) posit that decentering helps individuals reduce time spent engaging in negative self-referentiality and allowing them to better attend to cues associated with goal directed behavior;”
From Distinct functional connectivities predict clinical response with emotion regulation therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al. (2015)
The Self-distanced perspective section (page unavailable) links negative self-referencing with difficulty engaging task-positive networks, and the Reduced Reactivity to Thought Content section describes less rumination in response to self-critical thoughts. These passages support the general idea, but they do not say that decentering reduces time spent in negative self-referentiality or improves attention to cues for goal-directed behavior. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe process of decentering has been highlighted as a core 'active ingredient' underpinning effective interventions for youth depression and anxiety.
“The process of decentering has been highlighted as a core “active ingredient” underpinning effective interventions for youth depression and anxiety [22,23]”
From A Virtual Reality–Based Cognitive Defusion Application for Youth Depression and Anxiety: Mixed Methods Experimental Study. (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
The ‘Empirical links to mental health’ section reports that a decentering-related process mediated gains in mindfulness-based interventions, including reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms. But ‘Psychological intervention process’ says evidence across interventions is limited and proposes broader mediation as a possibility. The copy does not establish decentering as a core active ingredient of effective interventions specifically for youth. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVariables considered in this study are close and may overlap conceptually, which could potentially affect the robustness of multiple linear regression.
“variables considered in this study are close and may overlap conceptually, which could potentially affect the robustness of multiple linear regression.”
From Acceptance Is a Better Predictor of Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, and Well-Being Compared to Other Emotional Competences. (2025) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
The Summary of conceptual definitions and empirical findings (page unavailable) identifies shared metacognitive processes across several decentering-related constructs, supporting the possibility of conceptual overlap. The paper does not identify the citing study’s variables or discuss whether such overlap affects the robustness of multiple linear regression. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAcceptance and mindfulness-based therapies train meta-cognitive skills such as decentering.
“2) train meta-cognitive skills such as decentering (commonly used synonymously with defusion, reperceiving, distancing (Bernstein et al., 2015)), where the individual is invited to adopt a healthy distance both in time and space to their experience, e.g., Fresco et al., 2007”
From Mediators of acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
The section on decentering and metacognitive awareness reports increases in decentering-related processes after mindfulness interventions, and the cognitive-defusion section links defusion to acceptance and commitment therapy. However, the Summary of conceptual definitions and empirical findings distinguishes decentering, defusion, and reperceiving by the processes each involves; it does not treat them as interchangeable synonyms. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAccording to Bernstein et al., 2015, decentering relies on a preceding attentional capacity.
“For instance, according to Bernstein et al., 2015, decentering relies on a preceding attentional capacity.”
From Mediators of acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
In ‘Future Directions > Neurobiological bases’ (page unavailable), the authors propose investigating attention among the neurocognitive processes that may underlie decentering. The paper does not establish that a distinct attentional capacity must precede decentering; the claim states that proposed relationship too definitively. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDecentering and defusion overlap in reduced emotional reactivity but differ in that decentering may involve disidentification from internal experiences.
“Of note, decentering also shares some conceptual overlap (i.e., reduced emotional reactivity) with the related construct of defusion (see Bernstein et al., 2015); however, they”
From Changes in Decentering Across Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
According to the metacognitive processes model, decentering comprises meta-awareness, a separation from internal experiences, and less reactivity to thought content.
“According to the metacognitive processes model of decentering (Bernstein et al., 2015), decentering involves meta-awareness, disidentification from internal experiences, and reduced reactivity to thought content.”
From Changes in Decentering Across Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Decentering has been linked to lower anxiety and depression symptoms.
“Decentering has been associated with a range of positive mental health outcomes, including lower levels of anxiety and depression symptoms (for an overview see Bernstein et al., 2015).”
From Changes in Decentering and Reappraisal Temporally Precede Symptom Reduction During Emotion Regulation Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder With and Without Co-Occurring Depression. (2019) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Decentering is identified as a mechanism of action in models of mindfulness.
“As decentering is a mechanism of action identified in models of mindfulness (Bernstein et al., 2015; Dahl, Lutz, & Davidson, 2015; Lau et al., 2006; Shapiro et al., 2006)”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
The capacity to decenter from internal experiences matters for mental health.
“The ability to decenter from internal experiences is important for mental health.”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Meta-awareness involves awareness of internal experience or of the processes unfolding in consciousness.
“Bernstein et al. (2015) proposed that meta-awareness involves awareness of internal experience or the processes unfolding in consciousness.”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
The metacognitive processes model proposes that decentering is an emergent, multidimensional construct made up of three core processes: meta-awareness, (dis)identification with internal experience, and (non)reactivity to thought content.
“Synthesizing these literatures, Bernstein et al. (2015) proposed the metacognitive processes model of decentering. Decentering is conceptualized in this model as an emergent, multidimensional construct, comprised of three core metacognitive processes: meta-awareness, (dis)identification with internal experience, and (non)reactivity to thought content.”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Findings from Hadash et al. and Naragon-Gainey and DeMarree are partly consistent with Bernstein et al.'s metacognitive processes model of decentering.
“Findings from Hadash et al. (2017) and Naragon-Gainey and DeMarree (2017) are, in part, consistent with Bernstein et al.’s (2015) proposed metacognitive processes model of decentering.”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Decentering may facilitate equanimity and behavioral choice.
“decentering may facilitate equanimity and behavioral choice (Ayduk & Kross, 2010; Bernstein et al., 2015; Kross & Ayduk, 2017; Kross & Grossmann, 2012; Shoham, Hadash, & Bernstein, 2018; Verduyn, Mechelen, Kross, Chezzi, & Bever, 2012).”
From The metacognitive processes of decentering scale: Development and initial validation of trait and state versions (2020) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Mindfulness-based practices increase the ability to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary events in the mind rather than as representing the truth.
“As mindfulness-based practices have been shown to increase the ability to observe one's thoughts and feelings as temporary events in the mind rather than as representing the truth (Bernstein et al., 2015), they appear to be a relevant means of reducing cognitive fusion, and related anxiety, and increasing well-being, although to date only preliminary data have been reported on such links (see the”
From Mindfulness-based programs sustainably increase mental health: The role of cognitive fusion and mindfulness practice (2024) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Mindfulness has been found to effectively lower anxiety and distress.
“One practice that has been found to effectively lower anxiety and distress is mindfulness (Bernstein et al., 2015; Hofmann et al., 2010; Hoge et al., 2015; Lebois et al., 2015).”
From Mindfulness Effects on Anxiety: Disentangling the Role of Decentering and Treatment Expectations (2024) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Decentering is a more complex construct and relies on other processes, such as meta-awareness and deidentification from inner experience.
“However, conceptually, decentering is a more complex construct and relies on other processes, such as meta-awareness and deidentification from inner experience (Bernstein et al., 2015).”
From Measuring Decentering – Development and Validation of the French Version of the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ-F) (2024) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Significant associations between decentering and positive emotional regulation and positive appraisals in later-stage caregivers support reports of emotional detachment and separating the person from their condition as a coping strategy.
“significant associations between decentering and positive emotional regulation and positive appraisals in these caregivers, support reports of emotional detachment, a decentering-related metacognitive process [64] and separating the person from their condition as a coping strategy while providing end stage dementia care [65].”
From Mindfulness and Care Experience in Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia (2023) · cites this paper as [64]
Decentring capacity has been crucially linked to psychopathology in various psychiatric disorders and shown to mediate treatment effects of mindfulness-based interventions.
“Decentring capacity has been crucially linked to psychopathology in various psychiatric disorders and shown to mediate treatment effects of mindfulness-based interventions (96).”
From Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [96]
Decentering actively protects against and promotes recovery from anxiety and depression symptoms.
“One possibility is that an ability to decenter actively protects individuals against, and promotes recovery from, anxiety and depression symptoms7,52–54.”
From Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
Psychological models have identified decentering as a metacognitive process that occurs naturally in individuals but can be cultivated by psychosocial interventions, especially interventions that include training in mindfulness meditation.
“Psychological models have identified decentering as a metacognitive process that occurs naturally in individuals but can be cultivated by psychosocial interventions, especially interventions that include training in mindfulness meditation (e.g., Bernstein et al., 2015).”
From Distinct functional connectivities predict clinical response with emotion regulation therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Decentering is a broader concept that includes cognitive defusion and refers to mentally separating oneself from thoughts and emotions, becoming aware of underlying thinking processes, and reducing emotional reactivity to mental events.
“Decentering is a broader concept that includes cognitive defusion and refers to the process of mentally separating oneself from one’s thoughts and emotions, becoming aware of underlying thinking processes, and reducing emotional reactivity to mental events [22,23].”
From A Virtual Reality–Based Cognitive Defusion Application for Youth Depression and Anxiety: Mixed Methods Experimental Study. (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
A review found that decentering was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression.
“In addition, a review found that decentering was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depression (Bernstein et al., 2015).”
From Mediators of acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Bernstein et al., 2015
Entraining flexible, pliant, and sustained attention across contexts and modalities helps individuals develop meta-awareness.
“Entraining this flexible, pliant, and sustained quality of attention across various contexts and modalities of practice helps individuals develop meta-awareness (i.e., healthy self-awareness) [47, 48].”
From All together now: utilizing common functional change principles to unify cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies (2019) · cites this paper as [47]
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“…focused treatment that integrates findings from affect science with principles from cognitive behavioral therapy (i.e., CBT; see Mennin et al., 2013) to target and normalize these neurobehavioral deficits (Fresco et al., 2013; Mennin and Fresco, 2015; Mennin et al., 2018; Renna et al., 2018b).”
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“Psychological models have identified decentering as a metacognitive process that occurs naturally in individuals but can be cultivated by psychosocial interventions, especially interventions that include training in mindfulness meditation (e.g., Bernstein et al., 2015).”
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“It may be that meta-awareness, alone, is not directly associated with psychological well-being, and confers psychological benefit only through, or in combination with, nonreactivity and dis-identification with internal experience (Bernstein et al., 2015; Desrosiers, Vine, Curtiss, Klemanski, 2014).”
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“Cognitive defusion has clear parallels or overlap with the concept of ‘decentering’ in the cognitivebehavioral therapy literature; see Bernstein et al., 2015; McCracken et al., 2014, for detailed reviews).”
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“Decentring capacity has been crucially linked to psychopathology in various psychiatric disorders and shown to mediate treatment effects of mindfulness-based interventions (96).”
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Measuring Decentering and Related Constructs: Capacity and Limitations of Extant Assessment Scales
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- Authors
- Bernstein, A., Hadash, Y., Lichtash, Y., Tanay, G., Shepherd, K., & Fresco, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Haifa (IL)
- Kent State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bernstein, Amit
- Venue
- Perspectives on Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 599-617
- ISSN
- 1745-6916 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-6924
- PMC
- PMC5103165
- OpenAlex
- W2337549616
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 38.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Perspectives on Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL119977)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- decentering, metacognition, cognitive distancing, cognitive defusion, meta-awareness, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Metacognition, Humans, Mental Health, Models, Psychological, Self Concept
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