Association of moderate and vigorous physical activity with incidence of type 2 diabetes and subsequent mortality: 27 year follow-up of the Whitehall II study
Open accessAbstract
Aims/hypothesis: This work examined the role of physical activity in the course of diabetes using data spanning nearly three decades. Our first aim was to examine the long-term association of moderate and vigorous physical activity with incidence of type 2 diabetes. Our second aim was to investigate the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity post-diabetes diagnosis with subsequent risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Methods: A total of 9987 participants from the Whitehall II cohort study free of type 2 diabetes at baseline (1985–1988) were followed for incidence of type 2 diabetes, based on clinical assessments between 1985 and 2016 and linkage to electronic health records up to 31 March 2017. We first examined the association of moderate and vigorous physical activity measured by questionnaire in 1985–1988 (mean age 44.9 [SD 6.0] years; women, 32.7%) with incident type 2 diabetes, using the interval-censored, illness–death model, a competing risk analysis that takes into account both competing risk of death and intermittent ascertainment of diabetes due to reliance on data collection cycles (interval-censored). The second analysis was based on individuals with type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period where we used Cox regression with inverse probability weighting to examine the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Results: Of the 9987 participants, 1553 developed type 2 diabetes during a mean follow-up of 27.1 (SD 6.3) years. Compared with participants who were inactive in 1985–1988, those who undertook any duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.75, 0.97], p = 0.02; analysis adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural and health-related factors). In 1026 participants with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period, data on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity after diabetes diagnosis were available; 165 all-cause deaths and 55 cardiovascular disease-related deaths were recorded during a mean follow-up of 8.8 (SD 6.1) years. In these participants with diabetes, any duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.61 [95% CI 0.41, 0.93], p = 0.02) while the association with cardiovascular mortality was evident only for physical activity undertaken at or above recommendations (≥2.5 h per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or ≥1.25 h per week of vigorous physical activity; HR 0.40 [95% CI 0.16, 0.96], p = 0.04) in fully adjusted models. Conclusions/interpretation: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity plays an important role in diabetes, influencing both its incidence and prognosis. A protective effect on incidence was seen for durations of activity below recommendations and a marginal additional benefit was observed at higher durations. Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, any duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with reduced all-cause mortality while recommended durations of physical activity were required for protection against cardiovascular disease-related mortality. Data availability: Whitehall II data, protocols and other metadata are available to the scientific community. Please refer to the Whitehall II data sharing policy at https://www.ucl.ac.uk/epidemiology-health-care/research/epidemiology-and-public-health/research/whitehall-ii/data-sharing .
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some prospective cohort studies reported that ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity or ≥75 min/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity was associated with 14%-37% lower risks of all-cause mortality in diabetic adults.
“Moreover, some prospective cohort studies reported that ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) or ≥75 min/week of vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) was associated with 14%–37% lower risks of all-cause mortality in diabetic adults8–10.”
From Accelerometer-derived physical activity and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873 · see citing works
Regression Modeling Strategies
Harrell, F. E. (2001) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1 · Cited by 9,270 · see citing works
Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., WHITT, M. C., IRWIN, M. L., SWARTZ, A. M., STRATH, S. J., O???BRIEN, W. L., BASSETT, D. R., SCHMITZ, K. H., EMPLAINCOURT, P. O., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009 · Cited by 8,497 · see citing works
Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications
Zheng, Y., Ley, S. H., & Hu, F. B. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.151 · Cited by 5,697 · see citing works
The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60484-9 · Cited by 5,125 · see citing works
Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes
Gæde, P., Lund-Andersen, H., Parving, H.-H., & Pedersen, O. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0706245 · Cited by 3,489 · see citing works
Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1728 · Cited by 2,991 · see citing works
Review of inverse probability weighting for dealing with missing data
Seaman, S. R., & White, I. R. (2011) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280210395740 · Cited by 1,696 · see citing works
Unwin, N. C. (2006) · Cited by 1,661 · see citing works
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Howard, B. V., & Magee, M. F. (2000) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-000-0046-8 · Cited by 1,386 · see citing works
Kyu, H. H., Bachman, V. F., Alexander, L. T., Mumford, J. E., Afshin, A., Estep, K., Veerman, J. L., Delwiche, K., Iannarone, M. L., Moyer, M. L., et al. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i3857 · Cited by 1,272 · see citing works
Cohort Profile: The Whitehall II study
Marmot, M. G., & Brunner, E. J. (2004) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyh372 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Wahid, A., Manek, N., Nichols, M., Kelly, P., Foster, C., Webster, P., Kaur, A., Friedemann Smith, C., Wilkins, E., Rayner, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.115.002495 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
5. Lifestyle Management:<i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019</i>
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s005 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Li, G., Zhang, P., Wang, J., An, Y., Gong, Q., Gregg, E. W., Yang, W., Zhang, B., Shuai, Y., Hong, J., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70057-9 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Schellenberg, E. S., Dryden, D. M., Vandermeer, B., Ha, C., & Korownyk, C. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-159-8-201310150-00007 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Smith, A. D., Crippa, A., Woodcock, J., & Brage, S. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-4079-0 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Balk, E. M., Earley, A., Raman, G., Avendano, E. A., Pittas, A. G., & Remington, P. L. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-0452 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Comprehensive evaluation of the Minnesota leisure time physical activity questionnaire
Richardson, M. T., Leon, A. S., Jacobs, D. R., Ainsworth, B. E., & SERFASS, R. C. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90008-6 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Lynch, J. (1996) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440110073010 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Tanasescu, M., Leitzmann, M. F., Rimm, E. B., & Hu, F. B. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000066906.11109.1f · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Rennie, K. L. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg120 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Hamer, M., Sabia, S., Batty, G. D., Shipley, M. J., Tabák, A. G., Singh-Manoux, A., & Kivimaki, M. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.103879 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality among Finnish adults with diabetes
Hu, G., Jousilahti, P., Barengo, N. C., Qiao, Q., Lakka, T. A., & Tuomilehto, J. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.4.799 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Gill, J. M. R., & Cooper, A. R. (2008) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200838100-00002 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., & Alberti, K. G. M. M. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.14.2108 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Liu, G., Li, Y., Hu, Y., Zong, G., Li, S., Rimm, E. B., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Rexrode, K. M., Shin, H. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.027 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Kodama, S., Tanaka, S., Heianza, Y., Fujihara, K., Horikawa, C., Shimano, H., Saito, K., Yamada, N., Ohashi, Y., & Sone, H. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0783 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
A Prospective Study of Weight Training and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Men
Grøntved, A., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., Andersen, L. B., & Hu, F. B. (2012) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3138 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Demakakos, P., Hamer, M., Stamatakis, E. A., & Steptoe, A. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1785-x · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Physical activity and incident diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women
Folsom, A. R., Kushi, L. H., & Hong, C. P. (2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.1.134 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Grøntved, A., Pan, A., Mekary, R. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2014) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001587 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Leffondré, K., Touraine, C., Helmer, C., & Joly, P. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyt126 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
on behalf of the Japan Diabetes Complications Study Group, Sone, H., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, S., Suzuki, S., Seino, H., Hanyu, O., Sato, A., Toyonaga, T., Okita, K., et al. (2013) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2810-z · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Sadarangani, K. P., Hamer, M., Mindell, J. S., Coombs, N. A., & Stamatakis, E. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1816 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Ding, D., Chong, S., Jalaludin, B. B., Comino, E. J., & Bauman, A. E. (2015) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.02.002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Comparison of Self-Reported and Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity in Older Women
Shiroma, E. J., Cook, N. R., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., Rimm, E. B., & Lee, I.-M. M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145950 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Diabetes Risk in Men: A Prospective Study
Siegel, L. C., Sesso, H. D., Bowman, T. S., Lee, I.-M. M., Manson, J. E., & Gaziano, J. M. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.02.008 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bouillon, K., Singh‐Manoux, A., Jokela, M. M., Shipley, M. J., Batty, G. D., Brunner, E. J., Sabia, S., Tabák, Á. G., Akbaraly, T. N., Ferrie, J. E., et al. (2011) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.216309 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationHamer, M., Brunner, E. J., Bell, J. A., Batty, G. D., Shipley, M. J., Akbaraly, T. N., Singh‐Manoux, A., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20446 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, E. D., Rawal, L. B., Oldenburg, B. F., Renwick, C., Shaw, J. E., & Tapp, R. J. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1288 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease
Sidhu, M. S., & Farkouh, M. E. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-47870-0.00043-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Boucquemont, J., Metzger, M., Combe, C., Stengel, B., Leffondré, K., & on behalf of the NephroTest Study Group (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114839 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [34]World Health Organization Global recommendations on physical activity for health 2010 Geneva WHO 26180873
- [41]Williams ED Rawal L Oldenburg BF Renwick C Shaw JE Tapp RJ Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: impact of impaired health-related functioning and diabetes: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study Diabetes Care 2012 35 5 1067 1073 10.2337/dc11-1288 22446177 PMC3329838 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rietz, M., Lehr, A., Mino, E., Lang, A., Szczerba, E., Schiemann, T., Herder, C., Saatmann, N., Geidl, W., Barbaresko, J., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-0886 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Liu, N., Ma, B., & Yan, S. (2023) · Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science · doi:10.1177/23998083231185589 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Accelerometer-derived physical activity and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Cao, Z., Min, J., Chen, H., Hou, Y., Yang, H., Si, K., & Xu, C. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49542-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Physical Activity Promotion in Malaysia: Challenges and Opportunities
Khoo, S., Poh, B. K., Suhaimi, S. A., Chong, K. H., & Varela, A. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.536239 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sijpkens, Y. W. J., Houweling, B., & Bilo, H. J. G. (2022) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2761-4_4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Li, C., Shang, S., & Liang, W. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021398 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Rosenfeld, R. M., Grega, M. L., Karlsen, M. C., Dabrh, A. M. A., Aurora, R. N., Bonnet, J. P., Donnell, L., Fitzpatrick, S. L., Frates, E. P., Joy, E. A., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276251325488 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Beltran-Valls, M. R., Cabanas-Sánchez, V., Sadarangani, K. P., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Moliner-Urdiales, D., & Martínez-Gómez, D. (2023) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2022.101410 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Jin, X., Chen, G., Wang, R., & Tian, H. (2024) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/54318 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Association between domain-specific physical activity and diabetes in Korean adults
Lee, E.-B., Hong, S., Min, J., Park, D., Cho, W., Suh, S., Lee, H., Lee, H., Kimm, H., Lee, D. H., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-92560-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Silva, G. C. R., Tebar, W. R., Saraiva, B. T. C., Farah, B. Q., Vanderlei, L. C. M., Ferrari, G., & Christófaro, D. G. D. (2023) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00562-y · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in Nepal: An Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Pandey, A. R., Aryal, K. K., Shrestha, N., Sharma, D., Maskey, J., & Dhimal, M. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2022/4701796 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Zhang, K., Bai, P., & Deng, Z. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.09.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Rias, Y. A., Gordon, C. J., Niu, S., Wiratama, B. S., Chang, C.-W., & Tsai, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17165696 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kim, D., Seo, J., Ha, K. H., & Kim, D. J. (2022) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes22007 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Liu, M., Ahmed, W. L., Zhuo, L., Yuan, H. S., Wang, S., & Zhou, F. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010393 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wang, J., He, L., Yang, N., Li, Z., Xu, L., Li, W., Ping, F., Zhang, H., & Li, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1054046 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhang, F., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Tian, Z., Li, J., Lü, Q., Wang, W., Hong, T., Shan, Z., Yan, L., et al. (2026) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101124 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Regan, C., Hagströmer, M., Bergman, F., Bäck, M., Drake, I., Johansson, H., Rossen, J., & Rosen, P. (2025) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2024-0771 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Watanabe, H., Takahara, M., Katakami, N., Kanamoto, T., Nakata, K., & Shimomura, I. (2021) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02893-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Analysis of Physical Activity and Comorbidities in Spanish Asthmatics
Castillo, S. S., Smith, L., Suárez, A. D., & Sánchez, G. F. L. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12135256 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Accelerometer‐derived “weekend warrior” and regularly active physical activity and incident diabetes
Lei, L., Li, J., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Meng, X., Xia, C., Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Yuan, X., Wang, X., et al. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24278 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Oh, J., Cha, J.-H., & Choi, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26062597 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dehdari, T., Shahraki‐Sanavi, F., Nasiri, A., Nouri, R., Ansari‐Moghaddam, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70658 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Duque, A. L. M. D. S., Paula, D. P., de Paula, D., Molina, M. D. C. B., Giatii, L., Schmidt, M. I., da Fonseca, M. D. J. M., & Griep, R. H. (2025) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20250091i · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lifestyle Influences the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sutriyawan, A., & Fibrianti (2021) · International Journal of convergence in healthcare · doi:10.55487/ijcih.v1i2.9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An, Y.-D., Ma, G., Cai, X.-K., Yang, Y. N., Wang, F., & Zhang, Z.-L. (2024) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.675 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rosenfeld, R. M., Donnell, L., Noe, D. R., Reisner, L. S. L., & Karlsen, M. C. (2025) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276251325517 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Richter, J., Buchcik, J., & Adedeji, A. (2025) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04353-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Atef, H., Muka, T., & Elhameed, A. A. (2022) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-022-00841-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Walkability and Healthy Aging in Place for Older Adults in Edmonton, Alberta
Yim, D. (2020) · ERA: Education and Research Archive (University of Alberta) · doi:10.7939/r3-43mh-v167 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Activité physique dans le diabète de type 2
Duclos, M. (2026) · EMC - Traité de médecine AKOS · doi:10.1016/s1634-6939(25)50826-8
Rietz, M., Lehr, A., Mino, E., Lang, A. S., Szczerba, E., Schiemann, T., Herder, C., Saatmann, N., Geidl, W., Barbaresko, J., et al. (2022) · doi:10.2337/figshare.21158605.v1
Rietz, M., Lehr, A., Mino, E., Lang, A. S., Szczerba, E., Schiemann, T., Herder, C., Saatmann, N., Geidl, W., Barbaresko, J., et al. (2022) · doi:10.2337/figshare.21158605
Bethell, H. J. N., & Brodie, D. A. (2023) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800621855.0013
Dehdari, T., Shahraki‐Sanavi, F., Nasiri, A., Nouri, R., Ansari‐Moghaddam, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4117125/v1
27. Epidemiologia da Atividade Física
Júnior, J. C. D. F., & Crochemore‐Silva, I. (2024) · Editora FIOCRUZ eBooks · doi:10.7476/9786557081891.0030
Wang, Y., Sun, L., Zhang, Z., Jin, H., Tang, L., Du, C., & Liu, X. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5900145/v1
Duque, A. L. M. D. S., Paula, D. P., de Paula, D., Molina, M. D. C. B., Giatii, L., Schmidt, M. I., da Fonseca, M. D. J. M., & Griep, R. H. (2025) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20250091
Said, S. (2025) · Medicor Journal of Health Informatics and Health Policy · doi:10.61978/medicor.v3i2.752
Sun, L., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., Jin, H., Tang, L., Du, C., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000048899
Actividad física en la diabetes de tipo 2
Duclos, M. (2026) · EMC - Tratado de Medicina · doi:10.1016/s1636-5410(26)51956-1
Attività fisica nel diabete di tipo 2
Duclos, M. J. (2026) · EMC - AKOS - Trattato di Medicina · doi:10.1016/s1634-7358(26)52113-2
- Authors
- Yerramalla, M. S., Fayosse, A., Dugravot, A., Tabak, A. G., Kivimäki, M., Singh-Manoux, A., & Sabia, S.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2019-12-02
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 537-548
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- PMC
- PMC6997261
- OpenAlex
- W2990320567
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 3.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (S011676)
- British Department of Health
- British Health and Safety Executive
- British Heart Foundation (RG/13/2/30098)
- National Institute of Health (R01AG056477)
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, diabetes incidence, competing risk of death, inverse probability weighting, Whitehall II cohort, occupational cohort, long-term follow-up, diabetes prevention, cardiovascular risk reduction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Incidence, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
