Physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality among Finnish adults with diabetes
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to examine both single and joint associations of physical activity and conventional cardiovascular risk factors with total and cardiovascular mortality among patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We prospectively followed 3,708 Finnish patients with type 2 diabetes aged 25–74 years. Physical activity, smoking status, blood pressure, height, weight, and serum cholesterol level were determined at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate single and joint effects of physical activity and other cardiovascular risk factors on the risk of mortality. RESULTS—During a mean follow-up of 18.7 years, 1,423 deaths were recorded, 906 of which were due to cardiovascular disease. Moderate or high levels of physical activity were associated with decreased total and cardiovascular mortality, whereas higher levels of BMI and blood pressure and current smoking were associated with increased total and cardiovascular mortality. High serum cholesterol levels also increased cardiovascular mortality. The protective effect of physical activity was consistent in diabetic patients with any levels of BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS—A moderate or high level of physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of total and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. The favorable association of physical activity with longevity was observed regardless of the levels of BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and smoking.
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Cardiovascular disease accounts for more than 75% of total mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus.
“CVD is an important downstream complication of DM and accounts for >75% of total mortality among patients with DM [99] .”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [99]
The Introduction (p. 1) states that CVD accounts for >75% of total mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. The citing sentence broadens this to all patients with diabetes mellitus, which the cited statement does not establish. In the paper’s Finnish type 2 diabetes cohort, the Results (p. 3) report 906 CVD deaths among 1,423 deaths, not more than 75%. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Hu, G., Jousilahti, P., Barengo, N. C., Qiao, Q., Lakka, T. A., & Tuomilehto, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2005-04-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 799-805
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2145205996
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 9.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- physical activity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking, longevity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cholesterol, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Middle Aged, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, Smoking, Exercise, Survival Analysis
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