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Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and measurement properties of the Spanish version of the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI-Sp) scale
Abstract
Purpose To translate into Spanish and validate the anterior cruciate ligament-return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) scale, and to evaluate the psychological factors that have the greatest impact on the return to play among Spanish football players. Methods The ACL-RSI was first translated into Spanish by two teams of bilingual experts. At the time of discharge, 114 amateur and semi-professional football players who underwent ACL reconstruction answered a questionnaire regarding demographic and injury-related data, along with the translated ACL-RSI, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11SV) and the injury-psychological readiness to return to sport (I-PRRS). Statistical analysis included reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha and test-retest), construct validity and exploratory factor analysis. Results The ACL-RSI-Sp showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.9), temporal stability (test-retest r = 0.9) and significant moderate correlations with the KOOS subscales of symptoms (r = 0.4; p Conclusions The ACL-RSI-Sp was a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the relevant psychological factors in the return to sports of Spanish football players after ACL reconstruction. Players' confidence in performance and fear and insecurity were the most important factors influencing the return to play in this population. Level of evidence Level IV.
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Several papers have reported correlations between ACL-RSI and TSK-11 scores in the adult population after ACL reconstruction.
“Although psychological readiness and kinesiophobia are two unique constructs, several papers have reported correlations between ACL-RSI and TSK-11 scores in the adult population after ACLR (Kvist et al., 2013; Harput et al., 2017; Sala-Barat et al., 2020).”
From The relationship between psychological readiness to return to sport and kinesiophobia in teens and young adults after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2025) · cites this paper as Sala-Barat et al., 2020
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Butler, L., Baez, S., Walker, C., Roman, D., Douthit, T., Kuenze, C., Ulman, S., & ARROW (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1623398 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Sala-Barat, E., Álvarez-Díaz, P., Alentorn-Geli, E., Webster, K. E., Cugat, R., & Tomás-Sabado, J.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Venue
- Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-05-14
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 833-839
- ISSN
- 0942-2056 (ISSN-L)
- 1433-7347
- OpenAlex
- W2946806115
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports injuries and prevention
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, return to sport, ACL-RSI scale, Spanish translation, cross-cultural adaptation, football players, psychological factors, kinesiophobia, performance confidence, fear and insecurity, quality of life, measurement properties
- MeSH terms
- Return to Sport, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Adolescent, Adult, Fear, Female, Football, Humans, Male, Pain, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Soccer, Translations, Reproducibility of Results, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Young Adult, Athletes, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
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