Transcription-coupled repair: An update
Open accessAbstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a versatile pathway that removes helix-distorting DNA lesions from the genomes of organisms across the evolutionary scale, from bacteria to humans. The serial steps in NER involve recognition of lesions, adducts or structures that disrupt the DNA double helix, removal of a short oligonucleotide containing the offending lesion, synthesis of a repair patch copying the opposite undamaged strand, and ligation, to restore the DNA to its original form. Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) is a subpathway of NER dedicated to the repair of lesions that, by virtue of their location on the transcribed strands of active genes, encumber elongation by RNA polymerases. In this review, I report on recent findings that contribute to the elucidation of TCR mechanisms in the bacterium Escherichia coli, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cells. I review general models for the biochemical pathways and how and when cells might choose to utilize TCR or other pathways for repair or bypass of transcription-blocking DNA alterations.
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CSB may stimulate assembly of other components of TC-NER complex.
“It may also stimulate the assembly of other components of TC-NER complex [98]”
From Focus on UV-Induced DNA Damage and Repair—Disease Relevance and Protective Strategies (2020) · cites this paper as [98]
Upon binding with RNAPII, CSB alters DNA conformation by wrapping DNA around the protein itself and changing association of RNAPII with DNA.
“Upon binding with RNAPII, CSB alters the DNA conformation by wrapping the DNA around the protein itself and changing the association of RNAPII with DNA.”
From Focus on UV-Induced DNA Damage and Repair—Disease Relevance and Protective Strategies (2020) · cites this paper as [98]
The temporal hierarchy of NER of UV-induced dipyrimidine photoproducts in mammalian cells is characterized by rapid recognition and excision of 6-4 PPs and preferential repair of CPDs in actively transcribed genes.
“The temporal hierarchy of NER of UV-induced dipyrimidine photoproducts in mammalian cells is characterized by not only rapid recognition and excision of 6–4 PPs (which are preferentially formed in open chromatin regions), but also preferential repair of CPDs in actively transcribed genes22–24.”
From Modulation of UVB-induced Carcinogenesis by Activation of Alternative DNA Repair Pathways (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
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Focus on UV-Induced DNA Damage and Repair—Disease Relevance and Protective Strategies
Kciuk, M., Marciniak, B., Mojzych, M., & Kontek, R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21197264 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
“It may also stimulate the assembly of other components of TC-NER complex [98] Binding of CSA-CSB complexes leads to reverse translocation of RNA polymerase from the damage sites and expose the damage for repair proteins including XPA-binding protein 2 (XAB2), ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7 (USP7) and high mo…”
BackgroundModulation of UVB-induced Carcinogenesis by Activation of Alternative DNA Repair Pathways
Sha, Y., Vartanian, V., Owen, N., Mengden Koon, S. J., Calkins, M. J., Thompson, C. S., Mirafzali, Z., Mir, S., Goldsmith, L. E., He, H., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17940-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Spivak, G.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spivak, Graciela
- ORCID
- Spivak, Graciela
- Venue
- Archives of Toxicology
- Published
- 2016-08-22
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2583-2594
- ISSN
- 0340-5761 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0738
- PMC
- PMC5065778
- OpenAlex
- W2512730870
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (5RO1 CA077712)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Keywords
- transcription-coupled repair, nucleotide excision repair, DNA damage recognition, RNA polymerase stalling, DNA repair pathways, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, human cells, repair pathway choice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, DNA Repair, Escherichia coli, Biological Evolution, Humans, Models, Biological, Mutagens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Species Specificity, Transcription, Genetic, Ultraviolet Rays, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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