Naloxone attenuates incubated sucrose craving in rats
Open accessAbstract
Rationale Cue-induced craving precedes drug relapse and contributes to eating disorders. Opiate antagonists have been demonstrated to be effective at reducing cravings for drugs and food. Craving, as defined as responding for a stimulus previously associated with a reward, increases, or incubates, over forced abstinence in an animal model of relapse.Objectives This paper aims to determine anticraving effects of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, on the incubation of sucrose craving.Methods 106 male Long-Evans rats lever pressed for 10% sucrose solution 2 h/day for 10 days. On either day 1 or 30 of forced abstinence, rats responded in extinction for 6 h and then were injected (ip) with either saline or naloxone (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg). The rats then responded for 1 h for presentation of a tone + light cue previously presented with every sucrose delivery during self-administration training.Results The rats responded more in extinction and following saline on day 30 vs day 1 (an incubation of craving). Except for a trend for a decrease in responding following 10 mg/kg on day 1, naloxone was primarily effective on day 30. On day 30, naloxone significantly reduced responding at all doses except for 0.1 mg/kg.Conclusions The time-dependent increase in sensitivity to an opiate antagonist is consistent with time-dependent changes in the opiate system following forced abstinence from sucrose. These changes may partly underlie the incubation of sucrose craving. In addition, these findings could be used to support the use of naloxone as an anticraving medication in protracted abstinence.
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Abstinence from sucrose can cause craving and withdrawal symptoms, eventually leading to relapse behavior.
“As with drug ([71](#B71), [96](#B96), [156](#B156)) and alcohol ([18](#B18), [185](#B185)) addiction, abstinence from sucrose can cause craving and withdrawal symptoms ([5](#B5)), eventually leading to relapse behavior ([72](#B72), [73](#B73)).”
From Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [72]
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“We therefore used two higher doses, 10 mg/kg (Grimm et al., 2007) and 30 mg/kg, and these doses ensured that the lack of effect on selective aggression by naloxone treatment was not due to using a behaviorally ineffective dose because these higher doses significantly decreased general locomotor activity in females (Ta…”
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- Authors
- Grimm, J. W., Manaois, M., Osincup, D., Wells, B., & Buse, C.
- Affiliations
- Western Washington University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grimm, Jeffrey W.
- ORCID
- Grimm, Jeffrey W.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2007-07-13
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 537-544
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC2881196
- OpenAlex
- W2023785032
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Western Washington University
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA016285-01, R15DA016285, DA016285-01-S2)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- naloxone, incubation of craving, opioid antagonists, forced abstinence, cue-induced craving, food reward, extinction, opioid system, relapse, eating disorders, self-administration
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological, Food Preferences, Male, Motor Activity, Naloxone, Narcotic Antagonists, Self Administration, Sodium Chloride, Sucrose, Behavior, Addictive, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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