Cited by 110Smoking Behavior and CessationNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors StudyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Female rats display dose-dependent differences to the rewarding and aversive effects of nicotine in an age-, hormone-, and sex-dependent manner

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Torres, Oscar V., Natividad, Luis A., Tejeda, Hugo A., Van Weelden, Susan A., O’Dell, Laura E.·2009·Psychopharmacology

Abstract

Introduction The objective of this study was to examine age-, hormone-, and sex-dependent differences to the behavioral effects of nicotine using place-conditioning procedures in female rats.Methods Animals received nicotine in their initially non-preferred side and saline on alternate days in their initially preferred side. Following four conditioning trials, rats were re-tested for their preference. To examine developmental differences, we compared the effects of various nicotine doses in female and male adolescent and adult rats. To examine whether our developmental differences are specific to nicotine, we included adolescent and adult females that were conditioned with various amphetamine doses. To examine the influence of hormones on the behavioral effects of nicotine, we compared the effects of various nicotine doses in intact females that were tested during different phases of the estrous cycle and in separate females that were ovariectomized.Results The rewarding effects of nicotine were observed at a lower nicotine dose in adolescents versus adults. Amphetamine produced similar rewarding effects across age groups in females. The shifts in preference produced by nicotine were similar across the different phases of estrous. Females lacking ovarian hormones did not display rewarding effects of nicotine at any dose. The rewarding effects of nicotine were enhanced in adult female versus male rats. An intermediate nicotine dose produced rewarding effects in adolescent male but not female rats, suggesting that developmental differences to nicotine may be enhanced in males.Conclusion In females, nicotine reward is enhanced during adolescence and is facilitated by the presence of ovarian hormones.

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  • Adult female rats show less aversion to nicotine than adult males or ovariectomized females, suggesting that ovarian hormones protect against this effect.

    “Adult female rats show less aversion to nicotine than do adult males or oviarectomized females, suggesting that ovarian hormones protect against this effect (Torres et al, 2009).”

    From Unique, long-term effects of nicotine on adolescent brain. (2020) · cites this paper as Torres et al, 2009

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Authors
Torres, O. V., Natividad, L. A., Tejeda, H. A., Van Weelden, S. A., & O’Dell, L. E.
Affiliations
The University of Texas at El Paso (US)
Corresponding author
O’Dell, Laura E.
Venue
Psychopharmacology
Published
2009-07-23
Volume
206
Issue
2
Pages
303-312
ISSN
  • 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-2072
OpenAlex
W2138885252
Cited by
110
References
36
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI
3.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA021274, R25DA033613)
  • National Center for Research Resources (G12RR008124)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
nicotine, nicotine reward, sex differences, age differences, adolescent development, estrous cycle, ovarian hormones, ovariectomy, amphetamine, place conditioning, female rats
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Amphetamine, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Avoidance Learning, Conditioning, Operant, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Hormones, Male, Nicotine, Ovariectomy, Reward, Sex Characteristics, Rats, Wistar, Nicotinic Agonists, Estrous Cycle, Rats

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