Cited by 122Smoking Behavior and CessationNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors StudyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Sex and ovarian hormones influence vulnerability and motivation for nicotine during adolescence in rats

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Lynch, Wendy J.·2009·Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in sensitivity to nicotine's reinforcing effects during adolescence, a hormone transition phase characterized by rapid and marked changes in levels of gonadal hormones. Male and female rats were trained to self-administer nicotine (5 or 10 microg/kg/infusion) under a fixed-ratio 1 schedule beginning on postnatal day 30. Following acquisition, responding was assessed under a progressive-ratio schedule until postnatal day 45 with blood sampling occurring prior to the first 5 sessions in order to determine the relationship between gonadal hormones (i.e., estradiol and progesterone in females and testosterone in males) and responding for nicotine. Under low dose conditions, a greater percentage of females than males acquired nicotine self-administration. Under progressive-ratio testing conditions, although adolescent females and males initially responded at similar levels, by the end of the adolescent testing period, females responded at higher levels than males to obtain nicotine infusions. Levels of responding under the progressive-ratio schedule were negatively associated with progesterone and positively associated with the ratio of estradiol to progesterone. These findings demonstrate an enhanced sensitivity in adolescent females as compared to adolescent males to nicotine's reinforcing effects with evidence implicating circulating hormone levels as modulating this sensitivity.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.07.004

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  • In nicotine, sex differences in self-administration emerge at the time of puberty (p30-45), with females self-administering more than males and high estradiol to progesterone ratios correlating with higher rates of self-administration in females.

    “In the case of nicotine, sex differences in self-administration emerge at the time of puberty (p30–45), with females self-administering more than males and high estradiol to progesterone ratios correlating with higher rates of self-administration in females (Lynch, 2009).”

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Authors
Lynch, W. J.
Affiliations
University of Virginia Health System (US)
Corresponding author
Lynch, Wendy J.
Venue
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-11
Volume
94
Issue
1
Pages
43-50
ISSN
0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2060095654
Cited by
122
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI
4.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01da024716-13)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA024716, R03DA018978)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
nicotine self-administration, gonadal hormones, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, nicotine reinforcement, progressive ratio responding, hormone sensitivity
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Body Weight, Conditioning, Operant, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estradiol, Female, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Male, Motivation, Nicotine, Progesterone, Reinforcement, Psychology, Self Administration, Sex Characteristics, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Testosterone, Tobacco Use Disorder, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Nicotinic Agonists, Estrous Cycle, Rats

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