Sex and ovarian hormones influence vulnerability and motivation for nicotine during adolescence in rats
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The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in sensitivity to nicotine's reinforcing effects during adolescence, a hormone transition phase characterized by rapid and marked changes in levels of gonadal hormones. Male and female rats were trained to self-administer nicotine (5 or 10 microg/kg/infusion) under a fixed-ratio 1 schedule beginning on postnatal day 30. Following acquisition, responding was assessed under a progressive-ratio schedule until postnatal day 45 with blood sampling occurring prior to the first 5 sessions in order to determine the relationship between gonadal hormones (i.e., estradiol and progesterone in females and testosterone in males) and responding for nicotine. Under low dose conditions, a greater percentage of females than males acquired nicotine self-administration. Under progressive-ratio testing conditions, although adolescent females and males initially responded at similar levels, by the end of the adolescent testing period, females responded at higher levels than males to obtain nicotine infusions. Levels of responding under the progressive-ratio schedule were negatively associated with progesterone and positively associated with the ratio of estradiol to progesterone. These findings demonstrate an enhanced sensitivity in adolescent females as compared to adolescent males to nicotine's reinforcing effects with evidence implicating circulating hormone levels as modulating this sensitivity.
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In nicotine, sex differences in self-administration emerge at the time of puberty (p30-45), with females self-administering more than males and high estradiol to progesterone ratios correlating with higher rates of self-administration in females.
“In the case of nicotine, sex differences in self-administration emerge at the time of puberty (p30–45), with females self-administering more than males and high estradiol to progesterone ratios correlating with higher rates of self-administration in females (Lynch, 2009).”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Lynch, 2009
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Hyperactivity Induced By Vapor Inhalation of Nicotine in Male and Female RatsPreprint
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Sex Chromosome Complement and Estradiol Modify Cocaine Self-Administration Behaviors in Male Mice
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- Authors
- Lynch, W. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lynch, Wendy J.
- ORCID
- Lynch, Wendy J.
- Venue
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-50
- ISSN
- 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2766849
- OpenAlex
- W2060095654
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da024716-13)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01-DA024716, R03DA018978)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- nicotine self-administration, gonadal hormones, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, nicotine reinforcement, progressive ratio responding, hormone sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Body Weight, Conditioning, Operant, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estradiol, Female, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Male, Motivation, Nicotine, Progesterone, Reinforcement, Psychology, Self Administration, Sex Characteristics, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Testosterone, Tobacco Use Disorder, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Nicotinic Agonists, Estrous Cycle, Rats
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