Stress reinstates nicotine seeking but not sucrose solution seeking in rats
Abstract
Rationale Intermittent footshock stress effectively reinstates extinguished heroin-, cocaine- and alcohol-taking behaviors, but not behaviors previously maintained by food reinforcers. Here we tested further the generality of the phenomenon of stress-induced reinstatement by determining the effect of footshock on reinstatement of operant responding previously maintained by nicotine or palatable sucrose solutions.Methods Groups of rats were trained to self-administer either nicotine (0.03 mg/kg per infusion, 14 days) or sucrose (10 or 30% w/v, 14-20 days). After extinction of the nicotine- or the sucrose-reinforced behaviors for 5-15 days, the rats were exposed to intermittent footshock stress (5 and 15 min, 0.8 mA) during tests for reinstatement.Results Footshock reliably reinstated nicotine seeking after extinction of the drug-reinforced behavior. In contrast, the same parameters of footshock stress did not consistently reinstate operant responding previously maintained by sucrose solutions.Conclusions These and previous data suggest that stressors may be more effective stimuli for reinstatement of behaviors previously maintained by drug reinforcers as compared with non-drug reinforcers.
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Exposure to acute and chronic stress following abstinence increases the likelihood of relapse to both alcohol and nicotine.
“For example, many human and animal studies have shown that exposure to acute and chronic stress following abstinence increases the likelihood of relapse to both alcohol and nicotine (Breese et al., 2005; Buczek, Lê, Wang, Stewart, & Shaham, 1999; Lê et al., 1998; Mantsch, Baker, Funk, Lê, & Shaham, 2016; Matheny & Weatherman, 1998; Perkins & Grobe, 1992).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Buczek, Lê, Wang, Stewart, & Shaham, 1999
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- Authors
- Buczek, Y., Lê, A. D., Wang, A., Stewart, J., & Shaham, Y.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Concordia University (CA)
- ORCID
- Shaham, Y.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 1999-05-20
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 183-188
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2087354578
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- stress-induced reinstatement, nicotine self-administration, sucrose self-administration, footshock stress, extinction, reinstatement, operant responding, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Male, Nicotine, Reinforcement Schedule, Stress, Psychological, Sucrose, Tobacco Use Disorder, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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