Vascular endothelial growth factor induces contralesional corticobulbar plasticity and functional neurological recovery in the ischemic brain

Reitmeir, Raluca; Kilic, Ertugrul; Reinboth, Barbara S.; Guo, Zeyun; ElAli, Ayman; Zechariah, Anil; Kilic, Ülkan; Hermann, Dirk M.

doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0914-z

Cited by 69Stroke Rehabilitation and RecoveryNerve injury and regenerationNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Vascular endothelial growth factor induces contralesional corticobulbar plasticity and functional neurological recovery in the ischemic brain

Open access

Reitmeir, Raluca, Kilic, Ertugrul, Reinboth, Barbara S., Guo, Zeyun, ElAli, Ayman, Zechariah, Anil, Kilic, Ülkan, Hermann, Dirk M.·2012·Acta Neuropathologica

DOI 10.1007/s00401-011-0914-z

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor, which also has neuroprotective activity. In view of these dual actions on vessels and neurons, we were interested whether VEGF promotes long distance axonal plasticity in the ischemic brain. Herein, we show that VEGF promotes neurological stroke recovery in mice when delivered in a delayed way starting 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Using anterograde tract-tracing experiments that we combined with histochemical and molecular biological studies, we demonstrate that although VEGF promoted angiogenesis predominantly in the ischemic hemisphere, pronounced axonal sprouting was induced by VEGF in the contralesional, but not the ipsilesional corticobulbar system. Corticobulbar plasticity was accompanied by the deactivation of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 in the lesioned hemisphere and the transient downregulation of the axonal growth inhibitors NG2 proteoglycan and brevican and the guidance molecules ephrin B1/2 in the contralesional hemisphere. The regulation of matrix proteinases, growth inhibitors, and guidance molecules offers insights how brain plasticity is controlled in the ischemic brain.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00401-011-0914-z

Cites

38 of 38 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Post-ischaemic endogenous plasticity partly compensates for loss of axons in target structures of damaged fibre bundles at various brain levels and spinal cord.
“Post-ischaemic endogenous plasticity partly compensates for the loss of axons in target structures of damaged fibre bundles at various levels of the brain (eg, red nucleus and facial nucleus) and spinal cord.12,19,24”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
Terminal axonal sprouting is enhanced in both ipsilesional and contralesional pyramidal tract systems.
“Terminal axonal sprouting is enhanced in both the ipsilesional19,24 and the contra lesional12,19 pyramidal tract system.”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
Neurorestorative treatments do not necessarily promote growth of terminal axons distal to injury, as shown after erythropoietin and VEGF.
“Importantly, neurorestorative treatments do not necessarily promote the growth of terminal axons distal to the site of injury, as was shown after delivery of the growth factors erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).19,24”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
Contralesional sprouting after growth factor treatment is associated with profound alterations of gene expression, including downregulation of axonal growth inhibitors and inflammatory signals near the contralesional pyramidal tract.
“Contralesional sprouting after treatment with growth factors is associated with profound alterations of gene expression, including the downregulation of axonal growth inhibitors19,24 and inflammatory signals19,31 in the vicinity of the contralesional pyramidal tract.”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
Homologous fibres from the contralesional motor cortex grow across the midline to reach denervated neurons in target structures of the lesioned pyramidal tract.
“Instead, homologous fibres originating from the contralesional motor cortex grow out across the midline to reach denervated neurons in target structures of the lesioned pyramidal tract (figure 1).10–12,15,17,19,24”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]

Contralesional plasticity as a basis for neurological recovery occurs in several species, including rats, mice, and macaques.
“Contralesional plasticity as a basis for neurological recovery occurs in several species (eg, in rats,11,15,17 mice,12,19,24 and macaques32).”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
Axonal growth responses are relatively uniform across different treatment types, with contralesional sprouting evident after growth factors, anti-NogoA antibodies, neurostimulants, and cell-based therapeutics.
“Importantly, axonal growth responses are relatively uniform for different types of treatment: contralesional sprouting was evident after delivery of growth factors,19,24 neutralising antibodies directed against the axonal growth inhibitor NogoA,11,17 neurostimulants (eg, amphetamine), 29 and cell-based therapeutics, namely bone-marrow-derived stromal cells12,30 or neural pre cursor cells.15”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
This lesion-remote plasticity involves midline crossing of fibres from contralesional to ipsilesional hemisphere at the red nucleus and re-entry into contralesional hemicord at cervical spinal cord.
“This lesion-remote plasticity involves the midline crossing of fibres from the contralesional to the ipsilesional hemisphere at the level of the red nucleus10,17,19,24 and the re-entry of fibres into the contralesional hemicord at the level of the cervical spinal cord (figure 1).11,12,15”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]
Therapeutic interventions promoting axonal plasticity, such as VEGF or bone-marrow-derived stromal cells, further decrease proteoglycan levels.
“Therapeutic inter ventions promoting axonal plasticity, such as delivery of VEGF or bone-marrow-derived stromal cells, further decrease proteoglycan levels.24,65”
From Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation (2012) · cites this paper as [24]

Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats.
Longa, E. Z., Weinstein, P. R., Carlson, S., & Cummins, R. (1989) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.20.1.84 · Cited by 7,463 · see citing works
Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1
Forsythe, J. A., Jiang, B.-H., Iyer, N. V., Agani, F., Leung, S. W., Koos, R. D., & Semenza, G. L. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.16.9.4604 · Cited by 3,981 · see citing works
VEGF enhances angiogenesis and promotes blood–brain barrier leakage in the ischemic brain
Zhang, Z. G., Zhang, L., Jiang, Q., Zhang, R., Davies, K., Powers, C., Bruggen, N. V., & Chopp, M. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci9369 · Cited by 1,296 · cited 2× · see citing works
“the peri-infarct region that include the promotion of neuronal survival [23, 29], angiogenesis [29, 34], and neural progenitor cell proliferation, migration and differentiation [23, 30].”
Background
Ephrin-B2 controls VEGF-induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis
Wang, Y., Nakayama, M., Pitulescu, M. E., Schmidt, T., Bochenek, M. L., Sakakibara, A., Adams, S., Davy, A., Deutsch, U., Lüthi, U., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09002 · Cited by 1,276 · see citing works
VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia
Sun, Y., Jin, K., Xie, L., Childs, J., Mao, X. O., Logvinova, A., & Greenberg, D. A. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200317977 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia
Sun, Y., Jin, K., Xie, L., Childs, J., Mao, X. O., Logvinova, A. V., & Greenberg, D. A. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci17977 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
Role of matrix metalloproteinases in delayed cortical responses after stroke
Zhao, B., Wang, S. Y., Kim, H.-Y., Storrie, H., Rosen, B. R., Mooney, D. J., Wang, X., & Lo, E. H. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1387 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Neurorestorative therapies for stroke: underlying mechanisms and translation to the clinic
Zhang, Z. G., & Chopp, M. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70061-4 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Ephrin-B2 regulates VEGFR2 function in developmental and tumour angiogenesis
Sawamiphak, S., Seidel, S., Essmann, C. L., Wilkinson, G. A., Pitulescu, M. E., Acker, T., & Acker‐Palmer, A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08995 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Multimodal imaging of brain reorganization in motor areas of the contralesional hemisphere of well recovered patients after capsular stroke
Gerloff, C., Bushara, K., Sailer, A., Wassermann, E. M., Chen, R., Matsuoka, T., Waldvogel, D., Wittenberg, G. F., Ishii, K., Cohen, L. G., et al. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh713 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Expression of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor in normal rat tissues
Monacci, W. T., Merrill, M. J., & Oldfield, E. H. (1993) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.4.c995 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Delayed post-ischaemic neuroprotection following systemic neural stem cell transplantation involves multiple mechanisms
Bacigaluppi, M., Pluchino, S., Jametti, L. P., Kilic, E., Kilic, Ü., Salani, G., Brambilla, E., West, M. J., Comi, G., Martino, G., et al. (2009) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awp174 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Self-citation
Guidance Molecules in Axon RegenerationPreprint
Giger, R. J., Hollis, E. R., II, & Tuszynski, M. H. (2010) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a001867 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Recovery recapitulates ontogeny
Cramer, S. C., & Chopp, M. (2000) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01562-9 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
EphB Forward Signaling Controls Directional Branch Extension and Arborization Required for Dorsal-Ventral Retinotopic Mapping
Hindges, R., McLaughlin, T., Genoud, N., Henkemeyer, M. J., & O’Leary, D. D. M. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00799-7 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Neuroprotection by Hypoxic Preconditioning Requires Sequential Activation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor and Akt
Wick, A., Wick, W., Waltenberger, J. L., Weller, M., DICHGANS, J., & Schulz, J. B. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-15-06401.2002 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Functional Recovery and Enhanced Corticofugal Plasticity after Unilateral Pyramidal Tract Lesion and Blockade of Myelin-Associated Neurite Growth Inhibitors in Adult Rats
Z'Graggen, W. J., Metz, G. A. S., Kartje, G. L., Thallmair, M., & Schwab, M. E. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-12-04744.1998 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Facilitates Remyelination in Part by Processing the Inhibitory NG2 Proteoglycan
Larsen, P. H., Wells, J. E. A., Stallcup, W. B., Opdenakker, G., & Yong, V. W. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-35-11127.2003 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Functional recovery and neuroanatomical plasticity following middle cerebral artery occlusion and IN-1 antibody treatment in the adult rat
Papadopoulos, C. M., Tsai, S., Alsbiei, T., O'Brien, T. E., Schwab, M. E., & Kartje, G. L. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10144 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
VEGF overexpression induces post-ischaemic neuroprotection, but facilitates haemodynamic steal phenomena
Wang, Y. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh325 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Anti-Nogo-A antibody infusion 24 hours after experimental stroke improved behavioral outcome and corticospinal plasticity in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Wiessner, C., Bareyre, F. M., Allegrini, P. R., Mir, A. K., Frentzel, S., Zurini, M., Schnell, L., Oertle, T., & Schwab, M. E. (2003) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200302000-00003 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
VEGF-Induced BBB Permeability is Associated with an MMP-9 Activity Increase in Cerebral ischemia: Both Effects Decreased by ANG-1
Valable, S., Montaner, J., Bellail, A. C., Bérézowski, V., Brillault, J., Cecchelli, R., Divoux, D., MacKenzie, E. T., Bernaudin, M., Roussel, S., et al. (2005) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600148 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Protects Axotomized Retinal Ganglion CellsIn Vivoby Activating ERK-1/2 and Akt Pathways
Kılıç, Ü., Kılıç, E., Järve, A., Guo, Z., Spudich, A., Bieber, K., Barzena, U., Bassetti, C. L., Marti, H. H., & Hermann, D. M. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0434-06.2006 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citation
Inhibition of Nogo: A key strategy to increase regeneration, plasticity and functional recovery of the lesioned central nervous system
Buchli, A. D., & Schwab, M. E. (2005) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890500407520 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Implications of vascular endothelial growth factor for postischemic neurovascular remodeling
Hermann, D. M., & Zechariah, A. (2009) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.100 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citation
Post-acute delivery of erythropoietin induces stroke recovery by promoting perilesional tissue remodelling and contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity
Reitmeir, R., Kilic, E., Kilic, Ü., Bacigaluppi, M., ElAli, A., Salani, G., Pluchino, S., Gassmann, M., & Hermann, D. M. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq344 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citation
Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of axonal remodeling and angiogenesis after embolic stroke in sildenafil-treated rats
Ding, G., Jiang, Q., Li, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z. G., Ledbetter, K. A., Panda, S., Davarani, S. P., Athiraman, H., Li, Q., et al. (2008) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.33 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor Enhances Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
Sugiura, S., Kitagawa, K., Tanaka, S., Todo, K., Omura‐Matsuoka, E., Sasaki, T., Mabuchi, T., Matsushita, K., Yagita, Y., & Hori, M. (2005) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000158905.22871.95 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
VEGF overexpression enhances striatal neurogenesis in brain of adult rat after a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
Wang, Y., Guo, X., Qiu, M., Feng, X., & Sun, F. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.21091 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Human adult bone marrow-derived somatic cell therapy results in functional recovery and axonal plasticity following stroke in the rat
Andrews, E. M., Tsai, S.-Y., Johnson, S., Farrer, J. R., Wagner, J. P., Kopen, G. C., & Kartje, G. L. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.02.027 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Role of neural guidance signals in blood vessel navigation
Autiero, M., Smet, F. D., CLAES, F., & Carmeliet, P. (2004) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.09.013 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Role of Nogo-A in neuronal survival in the reperfused ischemic brain
Kilic, E., ElAli, A., Kilic, Ü., Guo, Z., Ugur, M., Uslu, U., Bassetti, C. L., Schwab, M. E., & Hermann, D. M. (2010) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.268 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neurobehavioral development, adult openfield exploration and swimming navigation learning in mice with a modified β-amyloid precursor protein gene
Tremml, P., Lipp, H., Müller, U., Ricceri, L., & Wolfer, D. P. (1998) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00211-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
ABCC1: a gateway for pharmacological compounds to the ischaemic brain
Kılıç, E., Spudich, A., Kılıç, Ü., Rentsch, K., Vig, R., Matter, C. M., Wunderli‐Allenspach, H., Fritschy, J., Bassetti, C. L., & Hermann, D. M. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn222 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
VEGF Protein Associates to Neurons in Remote Regions following Cortical Infarct
Stowe, A. M., Plautz, E. J., Eisner‐Janowicz, I., Frost, S. B., Barbay, S., Zoubina, E. V., Dancause, N., Taylor, M. D., & Nudo, R. J. (2006) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600320 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Manganese-Enhanced MRI of Brain Plasticity in Relation to Functional Recovery after Experimental Stroke
van der Zijden, J. P., Bouts, M. J. R. J., Wu, O., Roeling, T. A. P., Bleys, R. L. A. W., van der Toorn, A., & Dijkhuizen, R. M. (2007) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600576 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Apolipoprotein E Controls ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in the Ischemic Brain
ElAli, A., & Hermann, D. M. (2010) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2001213 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neuronal HIF-1α Protein and VEGFR-2 Immunoreactivity in Functionally Related Motor Areas following a Focal M1 Infarct
Stowe, A. M., Plautz, E. J., Nguyen, P., Frost, S. B., Eisner‐Janowicz, I., Barbay, S., Dancause, N., Sensarma, A., Taylor, M. D., Zoubina, E. V., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600560 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation
Hermann, D. M., & Chopp, M. (2012) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70039-x · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Self-citation
Beneficial effects of gfap/vimentin reactive astrocytes for axonal remodeling and motor behavioral recovery in mice after stroke
Liu, Z., Li, Y., Cui, Y., Roberts, C. J., Lü, M., Wilhelmsson, U., Pekny, M., & Chopp, M. (2014) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22723 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic stroke
Ma, Y., Zechariah, A., Qu, Y., & Hermann, D. M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23088 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citation
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promotes Pericyte Coverage of Brain Capillaries, Improves Cerebral Blood Flow During Subsequent Focal Cerebral Ischemia, and Preserves the Metabolic Penumbra
Zechariah, A., ElAli, A., Doeppner, T. R., Jin, F., Hasan, M. R., Helfrich, I., Mies, G., & Hermann, D. M. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.000240 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citation
Inflammation-Mediated Angiogenesis in Ischemic Stroke
Zhu, H., Zhang, Y., Zhong, Y., Ye, Y., Hu, X., Gu, L., & Xiong, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.652647 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Monocyte-derived IL-6 programs microglia to rebuild damaged brain vasculature
Choi, B., Johnson, K. R., Maric, D., & McGavern, D. B. (2023) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-023-01521-1 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Induces Stroke Recovery by Upregulating Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 in Astrocytes
Bacigaluppi, M., Russo, G. L., Peruzzotti‐Jametti, L., Rossi, S., Sandrone, S., Butti, E., Ceglia, R. D., Bergamaschi, A., Motta, C., Gallizioli, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1643-16.2016 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hyperlipidemia Attenuates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Angiogenesis, Impairs Cerebral Blood Flow, and Disturbs Stroke Recovery via Decreased Pericyte Coverage of Brain Endothelial Cells
Zechariah, A., ElAli, A., Hagemann, N., Jin, F., Doeppner, T. R., Helfrich, I., Mies, G., & Hermann, D. M. (2013) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.112.300749 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
Microneedle-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor delivery promotes angiogenesis and functional recovery after stroke
Liu, Y., Long, L., Zhang, F., Hu, X., Zhang, J., Hu, C., Wang, Y., & Xu, J. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.057 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
CLEC14A deficiency exacerbates neuronal loss by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability and inflammation
Kim, Y., Lee, S., Zhang, H., Lee, S., Kim, H., Kim, Y., Won, M., Kim, Y., & Kwon, Y. (2020) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-020-1727-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The role of the immune system in central nervous system plasticity after acute injury
Peruzzotti‐Jametti, L., Donegà, M., Giusto, E., Mallucci, G., Marchetti, B., & Pluchino, S. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.036 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hypoxia Response Element-Regulated MMP-9 Promotes Neurological Recovery via Glial Scar Degradation and Angiogenesis in Delayed Stroke
Cai, H., Ma, Y., Jiang, L., Mu, Z., Jiang, Z., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Yang, G., & Zhang, Z. (2017) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.03.020 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Stem cell therapies in preclinical models of stroke associated with aging
Popa‐Wagner, A., Buga, A.-M., Doeppner, T. R., & Hermann, D. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00347 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intracerebroventricularly delivered VEGF promotes contralesional corticorubral plasticity after focal cerebral ischemia via mechanisms involving anti-inflammatory actions
Herz, J., Reitmeir, R., Hagen, S. I., Reinboth, B. S., Guo, Z., Zechariah, A., ElAli, A., Doeppner, T. R., Bacigaluppi, M., Pluchino, S., et al. (2012) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.026 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Postacute Delivery of GABA A α5 Antagonist Promotes Postischemic Neurological Recovery and Peri-infarct Brain Remodeling
Wang, Y., Dzyubenko, E., Sánchez-Mendoza, E. H., Sardari, M., de Carvalho, T. S., Doeppner, T. R., Kaltwasser, B., Machado, P., Kleinschnitz, C., Bassetti, C. L., et al. (2018) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.118.021378 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ischemic injury leads to extracellular matrix alterations in retina and optic nerve
Reinhard, J., Renner, M., Wiemann, S., Shakoor, D. A., Stute, G., Dick, H. B., Faissner, A., & Joachim, S. C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep43470 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Post-acute delivery of memantine promotes post-ischemic neurological recovery, peri-infarct tissue remodeling, and contralesional brain plasticity
Wang, Y., Sánchez-Mendoza, E. H., Doeppner, T. R., & Hermann, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x16648971 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Biotherapies in stroke
Detante, O., Jaillard, A. S., Moisan, A., Barbieux, M., Favre, I., Garambois, K., Hommel, M., & Rémy, C. (2014) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2014.10.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Neuronal deficiency of HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase 2 in mice improves ischemic stroke recovery in an HIF dependent manner
Li, L., Saliba, P., Reischl, S., Marti, H. H., & Kunze, R. (2016) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.018 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sensorimotor Functional and Structural Networks after Intracerebral Stem Cell Grafts in the Ischemic Mouse Brain
Green, C., Minassian, A., Vogel, S. N., Diedenhofen, M., Beyrau, A., Wiedermann, D., & Hoehn, M. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2715-17.2018 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Angioneurins – Key regulators of blood–brain barrier integrity during hypoxic and ischemic brain injury
Kunze, R., & Marti, H. H. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Poststroke Angiogenesis, Con
Adamczak, J. M., & Hoehn, M. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.114.007642 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes transdifferentiation of astrocytes into neurons via activation of the MAPK / Erk‐Pax6 signal pathway
Lei, Y., Chen, X., Mo, J., Lv, L., Kou, Z., & Sun, F. (2023) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24361 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Biospecific isolation and characterization of angiogenesis-promoting ingredients in Buyang Huanwu decoction using affinity chromatography on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells combined with solid-phase extraction, and HPLC-MS/MS
Liao, F., Meng, Y., Zheng, H., He, D., Shen, X., Yu, J., Wu, Y., & Wang, L. (2017) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.018 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Electrical modulation of transplanted stem cells improves functional recovery in a rodent model of stroke
Oh, B., Santhanam, S., Azadian, M. M., Swaminathan, V., Lee, A. G., McConnell, K. W., Levinson, A., Song, S., Patel, J. J., Gardner, E. E., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29017-w · Cited by 33 · see citing works
High matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression induces angiogenesis and basement membrane degradation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats after cerebral infarction
Hou, H., Zhang, G., Wang, H., Gong, H., Wang, C., & Zhang, X. (2014) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.135318 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
In vivo bioluminescence imaging of vascular remodeling after stroke
Adamczak, J. M., Schneider, G., Nelles, M., Que, I., Suidgeest, E., van der Weerd, L., LÃ¶wik, C., & Hoehn, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00274 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lentivirally administered glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promotes post-ischemic neurological recovery, brain remodeling and contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity by regulating axonal growth inhibitors and guidance proteins
Beker, M., Çağlayan, A. B., Beker, M. Ç., Altunay, S., Karaçay, R., Dalay, A., Altıntaş, M. Ö., Köse, G. T., Hermann, D. M., & Kılıç, E. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113364 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Neurovascular remodeling in the aged ischemic brain
Hermann, D. M., Buga, A.-M., & Popa‐Wagner, A. (2013) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-013-1148-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
TREM2 affects DAM-like cell transformation in the acute phase of TBI in mice by regulating microglial glycolysis
Wang, L., Ouyang, D., Li, L., Cao, Y., Wang, Y., Gu, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, L., Tang, S., Tang, H. D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03337-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Transplantation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Enhances Nerve Regeneration of the Corticospinal Tract and Improves Recovery of Neurological Functions in a Collagenase-Induced Rat Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Liang, H., Yin, Y., Lin, T., Guan, D., Ma, B., Li, C., Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2013) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.1007/s10059-013-2306-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Orosomucoid1: Involved in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced blood–brain barrier leakage after ischemic stroke in mouse
Li, W., Jiang, Y., Zhu, J., Wen, Z., Xu, X., Xu, X., Xie, Y., Yang, L., Xu, L., Lan, W., et al. (2014) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.09.007 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Six‐Month Ischemic Mice Show Sensorimotor and Cognitive Deficits Associated with Brain Atrophy and Axonal Disorganization
Zanier, E. R., Pischiutta, F., Villa, P., Paladini, A., Montinaro, M., Micotti, E., Orrù, A., Cervo, L., & Simoni, M. G. D. (2013) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12128 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition Promotes Neurological Recovery, Peri-Lesional Tissue Remodeling, and Contralesional Pyramidal Tract Plasticity after Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Kılıç, E., Reitmeir, R., Kılıç, Ü., Çağlayan, A. B., Beker, M. Ç., Keleştemur, T., Ethemoğlu, S., Öztürk, G., & Hermann, D. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00422 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Unconventional Growth Factors Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor and Mesencephalic Astrocyte–Derived Neurotrophic Factor Promote Post-ischemic Neurological Recovery, Perilesional Brain Remodeling, and Lesion-Remote Axonal Plasticity
Çağlayan, A. B., Beker, M. Ç., Sertel, E., Çağlayan, B., Kılıç, Ü., Ateş, N., Çağlayan, A., Dasdelen, M. F., Doeppner, T. R., Saarma, M., et al. (2022) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-022-01035-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Post-ischemic protein restriction induces sustained neuroprotection, neurological recovery, brain remodeling, and gut microbiota rebalancing
de Carvalho, T. S., Singh, V., Yusuf, A. M., Wang, J., Moreira, A. R. S., Sánchez-Mendoza, E. H., Sardari, M., Melo, L. M. N., Doeppner, T. R., Kehrmann, J., et al. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.016 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citation
A toolkit for stroke infarct volume estimation in rodents
Weber, R., Bernardoni, D., Rentsch, N. H., Buil, B. A., Halliday, S., Augath, M., Razansky, D., Tackenberg, C., & Rust, R. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120518 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Promoting Neurological Recovery in the Post-Acute Stroke Phase: Benefits and Challenges
Hermann, D. M., & Chopp, M. (2014) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000365171 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exercise facilitates post-stroke recovery through mitigation of neuronal hyperexcitability via interleukin-10 signaling
Schmidt‐Pogoda, A., Ruck, T., Strecker, J., Hoppen, M., Fazio, L., Vinnenberg, L., Maus, B., Wachsmuth, L., Cerina, M., Diederich, K., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62631-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Review: Could neurotransmitters influence neurogenesis and neurorepair after stroke?
Sánchez-Mendoza, E. H., Bellver‐Landete, V., Merino, J. J., González, M. P., Martínez‐Murillo, R., & Oset‐Gasque, M. J. (2013) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12082 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the reperfused ischemic brain: insights from cell-type-specific immunodepletion and fluorescence microscopy studies
Hermann, D. M., Kleinschnitz, C., & Gunzer, M. (2018) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/1756286418798607 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Plasminogen Deficiency Causes Reduced Corticospinal Axonal Plasticity and Functional Recovery after Stroke in Mice
Liu, Z., Li, Y., Qian, J.-Y., Cui, Y., & Chopp, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094505 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A functional variant in the 3ˈ-UTR of VEGF predicts the 90-day outcome of ischemic stroke in Chinese patients
Zhao, J., Bai, Y., Jin, L., Weng, Y., Wang, Y., Wu, H., Li, X., Huang, Y., & Wang, S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172709 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Correlates of Post-Stroke Brain Plasticity, Relationship to Pathophysiological Settings and Implications for Human Proof-of-Concept Studies
Sánchez-Mendoza, E. H., & Hermann, D. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2016.00196 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Lithium promotes long-term neurological recovery after spinal cord injury in mice by enhancing neuronal survival, gray and white matter remodeling, and long-distance axonal regeneration
Balçıkanlı, Z., Taşkin, I. Ç., Dilsiz, P., Aydın, M. Ş., Ateş, N., Beker, M. Ç., Baltacı, S. B., Koç, H. I., Yigitbasi, A., Gündoğar, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.1012523 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Microglia-mediated endothelial protection: the role of SHPL-49 in ischemic stroke
Zhao, Y., Zhang, P., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117530 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liver X receptor alpha ensures blood-brain barrier function by suppressing SNAI2
Vacondio, D., Pinto, H. N., Coenen, L., Mulder, I. A., Fontijn, R. D., Hof, B. V. H., Fung, W. K., Jongejan, A., Kooij, G., Zelcer, N., et al. (2023) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-06316-8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Implantation of Miniosmotic Pumps and Delivery of Tract Tracers to Study Brain Reorganization in Pathophysiological Conditions
Sánchez-Mendoza, E. H., Carballo, J., Longart, M., Hermann, D. M., & Doeppner, T. R. (2016) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/52932 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Melatonin enhances neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in long-term recovery following cerebral ischemia in mice
Beker, M., Beker, M. Ç., Elibol, B., Çağlayan, A. B., Altuğ, B., Kılıç, E., Yılmaz, B., & Kılıç, Ü. (2025) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2025.167738 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Phosphodiesterase 10A deactivation induces long-term neurological recovery, Peri-infarct remodeling and pyramidal tract plasticity after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice
Beker, M. Ç., Pence, M. E., Yagmur, S., Çağlayan, B., Çağlayan, A., Kılıç, Ü., Yelkenci, H. E., Altıntaş, M. Ö., Çağlayan, A. B., Doeppner, T. R., et al. (2022) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114221 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
Multimodal exercises simultaneously stimulating cortical and brainstem pathways after unilateral corticospinal lesion
Harel, N. Y., Yiğitkanlı, K., Fu, Y., Cafferty, W. B. J., & Strittmatter, S. M. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.012 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Spontaneous Neuronal Plasticity in the Contralateral Motor Cortex and Corticospinal Tract after Focal Cortical Infarction in Hypertensive Rats
Huang, X., Wang, X., Yang, M., Pan, X., Duan, M., Wen, X., Cai, H., Jiang, G., & Chen, L. (2020) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105235 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Analysis of endothelial gene polymorphisms in Spanish patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer´s disease
Manso-Calderón, R., Cacabelos-Pérez, P., García, M. D. S., Herrero-Prieto, M. E., & González‐Sarmiento, R. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39576-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tongxinluo promotes axonal plasticity and functional recovery after stroke
Wang, X., Huang, X., Yang, M., Pan, X., Duan, M., Cai, H., Jiang, G., Wen, X., Zou, D., & Chen, L. (2020) · Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.1515/tnsci-2020-0127 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effect of intracortical vascular endothelial growth factor infusion and blockade during the critical period in the rat visual cortex
Argandoña, E., Bengoetxea, H., Bulnes, S., Rico‐Barrio, I., Ortuzar, N., & Lafuente, J. V. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.07.008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neuroprotective Effects of Bromelain on Acute Ischemic Stroke in Rats
Korkmaz, E., Beytur, A., & Tekin, S. (2025) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.1007/s44411-025-00468-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Potential enhancement of post-stroke angiogenic response by targeting the oligomeric aggregation of p53 protein
Tam, H. H., Zhu, D., Ho, S. S. K., Vong, H. W., Wong, V. K. W., Mok, S. W.-F., & Wong, I. N. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1193362 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Modulation of Post-Stroke Plasticity and Regeneration by Stem Cell Therapy and Exogenic Factors
Andereggen, L., Reitmeir, R., Santo, S. D., Guzman, R. G., Widmer, H. R., Marbacher, S., & Andres, R. H. (2017) · Springer series in translational stroke research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66679-2_7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implantation of Miniosmotic Pumps and Delivery of Tract Tracers to Study Brain Reorganization in Pathophysiological Conditions
Sánchez-Mendoza, E. H., Carballo, J., Longart, M., Hermann, D. M., & Doeppner, T. R. (2016) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/52932-v · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Advances in research on the role of VEGF family members in ischemic stroke
Shi, T., Xie, X., Zhang, T., Lv, Z., Zhu, H., Cao, R., Wang, P., Zhan, H., & Yang, P. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2026.101255 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Co-transplantation Strategies and Combination Therapies for Stroke
Popa‐Wagner, A., Sandu, R. E., & Ciobanu, O. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2929-5_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stem Cell Transplants in the Aged Stroke Brain: Microenvironment Factors
Popa‐Wagner, A., & Napoli, M. D. (2017) · Springer series in translational stroke research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66679-2_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Functional Muscle Strength Recovery from Nail Gun Injury to the Primary Motor Cortex
Andereggen, L., Widmer, H. R., Santo, S. D., & Andres, R. H. (2020) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/rme-2019-0146 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Análisis de polimorfismos de genes relacionados con la función endotelial y la muerte celular en demencia vascular y enfermedad de alzheimer
Manso-Calderón, R. (2013) · doi:10.14201/gredos.123009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Promoting stroke recovery using delayed growth factor delivery: Contribution of ipsilesional versus contralesional pyramidal tract plasticity
Reitmeir, R. (2014) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the ischemic brain: effect of hyperlipidemia
Zechariah, A. (2012) · DuEPublico (University of Duisburg-Essen)
Self-citation
ANALISIS DE POLIMORFISMOS DE GENES RELACIONADOS CON LA FUNCION ENDOTELIAL Y LA MUERTE CELULAR EN DEMENCIA VASCULAR Y
Medicina, F. D. (2013)
Neuroplasticity Biomarkers in Experimental Stroke Recovery
Peplow, P. V., Martinez, B., Mascareñas, D., & Dambinova, S. A. (2019) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9682-7_4
Deactivation of ceramide de novo synthesis induces cerebral angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling post-ischemia/reperfusion in mice via mechanisms not predominated by extracellular vesicles
Yusuf, A. M., Hussner, T., Li, A., Hagemann, N., Hornemann, T., Tertel, T., Brockmeier, U., Schumacher, F., Kleuser, B., Giebel, B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x251387474
Self-citation

Intracerebroventricularly delivered VEGF promotes contralesional corticorubral plasticity after focal cerebral ischemia via mechanisms involving anti-inflammatory actions
Herz, J., Reitmeir, R., Hagen, S. I., Reinboth, B. S., Guo, Z., Zechariah, A., ElAli, A., Doeppner, T. R., Bacigaluppi, M., Pluchino, S., et al. (2012) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.026 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
VEGF-induced neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia
Sun, Y., Jin, K., Xie, L., Childs, J., Mao, X. O., Logvinova, A. V., & Greenberg, D. A. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci17977 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
The Role of VEGF in Angiogenesis and Motor Recovery after Ischemic Stroke
Kucherova, K. S., Koroleva, E. S., & Alifirova, V. M. (2023) · Neurochemical Journal · doi:10.1134/s1819712423040141 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Implications of vascular endothelial growth factor for postischemic neurovascular remodeling
Hermann, D. M., & Zechariah, A. (2009) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.100 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in ischemic stroke
Ma, Y., Zechariah, A., Qu, Y., & Hermann, D. M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23088 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Reitmeir, R., Kilic, E., Reinboth, B. S., Guo, Z., ElAli, A., Zechariah, A., Kilic, Ü., & Hermann, D. M.
Affiliations: Essen University Hospital (DE)
Corresponding author: Hermann, Dirk M.
ORCID: Reitmeir, Raluca
Guo, Zeyun
ElAli, Ayman
Zechariah, Anil
Hermann, Dirk M.
Venue: Acta Neuropathologica
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-11-23
Volume: 123
Issue: 2
Pages: 273-284
ISSN: 0001-6322 (ISSN-L)
1432-0533
DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0914-z
OpenAlex: W2043535787
Cited by: 69
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 8.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2015-09-04)
Open access: green
boris.unibe.ch
Licence: other-oa
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Acta Neuropathologica (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords: vascular endothelial growth factor, stroke recovery, axonal sprouting, contralesional hemisphere, middle cerebral artery occlusion, ischemic brain, angiogenesis, MMP-9, NG2 proteoglycan, brevican, neuroplasticity
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain Ischemia, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Cortex, Neuronal Plasticity, Recovery of Function, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Vascular endothelial growth factor induces contralesional corticobulbar plasticity and functional neurological recovery in the ischemic brain

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks