Tau pathology spread in PS19 tau transgenic mice following locus coeruleus (LC) injections of synthetic tau fibrils is determined by the LC's afferent and efferent connections
Open accessAbstract
Filamentous tau inclusions are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative tauopathies. An increasing number of studies implicate the cell-to-cell propagation of tau pathology in the progression of tauopathies. We recently showed (Iba et al., J Neurosci 33:1024-1037, 2013) that inoculation of preformed synthetic tau fibrils (tau PFFs) into the hippocampus of young transgenic (Tg) mice (PS19) overexpressing human P301S mutant tau induced robust tau pathology in anatomically connected brain regions including the locus coeruleus (LC). Since Braak and colleagues hypothesized that the LC is the first brain structure to develop tau lesions and since LC has widespread connections throughout the CNS, LC neurons could be the critical initiators of the stereotypical spreading of tau pathology through connectome-dependent transmission of pathological tau in AD. Here, we report that injections of tau PFFs into the LC of PS19 mice induced propagation of tau pathology to major afferents and efferents of the LC. Notably, tau pathology propagated along LC efferent projections was localized not only to axon terminals but also to neuronal perikarya, suggesting transneuronal transfer of templated tau pathology to neurons receiving LC projections. Further, brainstem neurons giving rise to major LC afferents also developed perikaryal tau pathology. Surprisingly, while tangle-bearing neurons degenerated in the LC ipsilateral to the injection site starting 6 months post-injection, no neuron loss was seen in the contralateral LC wherein tangle-bearing neurons gradually cleared tau pathology by 6-12 months post-injection. However, the spreading pattern of tau pathology observed in our LC-injected mice is different from that in AD brains since hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, which are affected in early stages of AD, were largely spared of tau inclusions in our model. Thus, while our study tested critical aspects of the Braak hypothesis of tau pathology spread, this novel mouse model provides unique opportunities to elucidate mechanisms underlying the selective vulnerability of neurons to acquire tau pathology and succumb to or resist tau-mediated neurodegeneration.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mice have primarily monocular vision, with >95% of retinal ganglion cells projecting into the contralateral side of the brain, allowing the unaffected side to serve as an internal control.
“As mice have primarily monocular vision, with >95% of RGCs projecting into the contralateral side of the brain, the unaffected side of the visual system can serve as an internal control 26, 27”
From Amyloid-beta induced retrograde axonal degeneration in a mouse tauopathy model (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
The Results section on contralateral LC pathology describes tau spreading after injection into one side of the brainstem, not the visual system. Searches for retinal ganglion cells, monocular vision, and the >95% contralateral projection figure found no passage in our copy addressing those claims or the proposed visual-system internal control. No page numbers were available. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123 · see citing works
The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G. (2001) · Cited by 12,859 · see citing works
Amyloid oligomers exacerbate tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy
Selenica, M.-L. B., Brownlow, M., Jimenez, J. P., Lee, D. C., Pena, G., Dickey, C. A., Gordon, M. N., & Morgan, D. (2013) · Neurodegenerative Diseases · doi:10.1159/000337230 · Cited by 10,359 · see citing works
Aston-Jones, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2005) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709 · Cited by 4,472 · see citing works
Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease
Arriagada, P. V., Growdon, J. H., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., & Hyman, B. T. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.3.631 · Cited by 2,668 · see citing works
Berridge, C. W., & Waterhouse, B. D. (2003) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(03)00143-7 · Cited by 2,529 · see citing works
Lee, V. M.-Y., Goedert, M., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1121 · Cited by 2,480 · see citing works
Self-citationSynapse Loss and Microglial Activation Precede Tangles in a P301S Tauopathy Mouse Model
Yoshiyama, Y., Higuchi, M., Zhang, B., Huang, S.-M., Iwata, N., Saido, T. C., Maeda, J., Suhara, T., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M.-Y. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.01.010 · Cited by 2,208 · see citing works
Self-citationStages of the Pathologic Process in Alzheimer Disease: Age Categories From 1 to 100 Years
Braak, H., Thal, D. R., Ghebremedhin, E., & Del Tredici, K. (2011) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e318232a379 · Cited by 2,194 · see citing works
Tau-mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders
Ballatore, C., Lee, V. M.-Y., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2194 · Cited by 2,174 · see citing works
Self-citationTau Suppression in a Neurodegenerative Mouse Model Improves Memory Function
SantaCruz, K., Lewis, J., Spires, T., Paulson, J., Kotilinek, L., Ingelsson, M., Guimaraes, A., DeTure, M., Ramsden, M., McGowan, E., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1113694 · Cited by 2,014 · see citing works
Nucleus locus ceruleus: new evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity
Foote, S. L., Bloom, F. E., & Aston-Jones, G. (1983) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1983.63.3.844 · Cited by 1,901 · see citing works
Transmission and spreading of tauopathy in transgenic mouse brain
Clavaguera, F., Bolmont, T., Crowther, R. A., Abramowski, D., Frank, S., Probst, A., Fraser, G., Stalder, A. K., Beibel, M., Staufenbiel, M., et al. (2009) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1901 · Cited by 1,803 · see citing works
Propagation of Tau Pathology in a Model of Early Alzheimer's Disease
de Calignon, A., Polydoro, M., Suárez-Calvet, M., William, C., Adamowicz, D. H., Kopeikina, K. J., Pitstick, R., Sahara, N., Ashe, K. H., Carlson, G. A., et al. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.033 · Cited by 1,427 · see citing works
Moore, R. Y., & Bloom, F. E. (1979) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.02.030179.000553 · Cited by 1,378 · see citing works
Propagation of Tau Misfolding from the Outside to the Inside of a Cell
Frost, B., Jacks, R. L., & Diamond, M. I. (2009) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m808759200 · Cited by 1,252 · see citing works
Trans-Synaptic Spread of Tau Pathology In Vivo
Liu, L., Drouet, V., Wu, J., Witter, M. P., Small, S. A., Clelland, C. L. T., & Duff, K. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031302 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Tuning arousal with optogenetic modulation of locus coeruleus neurons
Carter, M. E., Yizhar, O., Chikahisa, S., Nguyen, H., Adamantidis, A., Nishino, S., Deisseroth, K., & de Lecea, L. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2682 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
Tauopathy in <i>Drosophila</i> : Neurodegeneration Without Neurofibrillary Tangles
Wittmann, C. W., Wszolek, M. F., Shulman, J. M., Salvaterra, P. M., Lewis, J., Hutton, M., & Feany, M. B. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1062382 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
The pathological process underlying Alzheimer’s disease in individuals under thirty
Braak, H., & Del Tredici, K. (2011) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-010-0789-4 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Spreading of pathology in neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on human studies
Brettschneider, J., Tredici, K. D., Lee, V. M.-Y., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3887 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Brain Nucleus Locus Coeruleus: Restricted Afferent Control of a Broad Efferent Network
Aston‐Jones, G., Ennis, M. J., Pieribone, V. A., Nickell, W. T., & Shipley, M. T. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3775363 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Brain homogenates from human tauopathies induce tau inclusions in mouse brain
Clavaguera, F., Akatsu, H., Fraser, G. M., Crowther, R. A., Frank, S., Hench, J., Probst, A., Winkler, D. T., Reichwald, J., Staufenbiel, M., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1301175110 · Cited by 750 · see citing works
Iba, M., Guo, J. L., McBride, J. D., Zhang, B., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M.-Y. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2642-12.2013 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Self-citationCell-to-cell transmission of pathogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases
Guo, J. L., & Lee, V. M. Y. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3457 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Self-citationSeeding of Normal Tau by Pathological Tau Conformers Drives Pathogenesis of Alzheimer-like Tangles
Guo, J. L., & Lee, V. M.-Y. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.209296 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Self-citationWilcock, G. K., & Esiri, M. M. (1982) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(82)90155-1 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Afferent projections to the rat locus coeruleus as determined by a retrograde tracing technique
Cedarbaum, J. M., & Aghajanian, G. K. (1978) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901780102 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Ahmed, Z., Cooper, J., Murray, T. K., Garn, K., McNaughton, E., Clarke, H., Parhizkar, S., Ward, M. A., Cavallini, A., Jackson, S., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1254-6 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Ovbiagele, B. I., Kidwell, C. S., & Saver, J. L. (2005) · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Zhang, B., Carroll, J., Trojanowski, J. Q., Yao, Y., Iba, M., Potuzak, J. S., Hogan, A.-M. L., Xie, S. X., Ballatore, C., Smith, A. B., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4922-11.2012 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurons May Live for Decades with Neurofibrillary Tangles
Morsch, R., Simon, W., & Coleman, P. D. (1999) · Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199902000-00008 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Luppi, P., Aston‐Jones, G., Akaoka, H., Chouvet, G., & Jouvet, M. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00481-j · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: defining phenotypic diversity through personalized medicine
Irwin, D. J., Cairns, N. J., Grossman, M., McMillan, C. T., Lee, E. B., Deerlin, V. M. V., Lee, V. M. ‐., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1380-1 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationBoluda, S., Iba, M., Zhang, B., Raible, K. M., Lee, V. M. ‐., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1373-0 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationHurtado, D. E., Molina-Porcel, L., Iba, M., Aboagye, A. K., Paul, S. M., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M.-Y. (2010) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2010.100346 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Self-citationPeeraer, E., Bottelbergs, A., Van Kolen, K., Stancu, I.-C., Vasconcelos, B., Mahieu, M., Duytschaever, H., Ver Donck, L., Torremans, A., Sluydts, E., et al. (2015) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.08.032 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons are functionally integrated in cortical circuits in vivo
Kuchibhotla, K. V., Wegmann, S., Kopeikina, K. J., Hawkes, J., Rudinskiy, N., Andermann, M. L., Spires-Jones, T. L., Bacskai, B. J., & Hyman, B. T. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1318807111 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Stancu, I.-C., Vasconcelos, B., Ris, L., Wang, P., Villers, A., Peeraer, E., Buist, A., Terwel, D., Baatsen, P., Oyelami, T., et al. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1413-4 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Cognitive defects are reversible in inducible mice expressing pro-aggregant full-length human Tau
Van der Jeugd, A., Hochgräfe, K., Ahmed, T., Decker, J. M., Sydow, A., Hofmann, A., Wu, D., Messing, L., Balschun, D., D’Hooge, R., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0987-3 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Raphe projections to the locus coeruleus in the rat
Morgane, P. J., & Jacobs, M. S. (1979) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(79)90037-6 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Guo, J., & Lee, V. M. ‐. (2013) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.051 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationMorozova, O. A., March, Z. M., Robinson, A. S., & Colby, D. W. (2013) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi400866w · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Clavier, R. M. (1979) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(79)90034-0 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Detection of d-aspartate in tau proteins associated with Alzheimer paired helical filaments
Kenessey, Á., Yen, S.-H. C., Liu, W.-K., Yang, X.-R., & Dunlop, D. S. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00061-t · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Duration of neurofibrillary changes in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Bobinski, M., Węgiel, J., Tarnawski, M. J., Bobinski, M., de Leon, M. J., Reisberg, ., Miller, D. C., & Wı́sniewski, H. M. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00441-7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Alzheimer’s Disease: Past, Present, and Future
Bondi, M. W., Edmonds, E. C., & Salmon, D. P. (2017) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s135561771700100x · Cited by 649 · see citing works
The road to restoring neural circuits for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Canter, R. G., Penney, J., & Tsai, L.-H. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20412 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
The preclinical phase of the pathological process underlying sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Braak, H., & Del Tredici, K. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv236 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation
Chen, Y., & Yu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02853-3 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Propagation and spread of pathogenic protein assemblies in neurodegenerative diseases
Jucker, M., & Walker, L. C. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0238-6 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Guo, J. L., Narasimhan, S., Changolkar, L., He, Z., Stieber, A., Zhang, B., Gathagan, R. J., Iba, M., McBride, J. D., Trojanowski, J. Q., et al. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20160833 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Self-citationMAPT mutations, tauopathy, and mechanisms of neurodegeneration
Strang, K. H., Golde, T. E., & Giasson, B. I. (2019) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/s41374-019-0197-x · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Theofilas, P., Ehrenberg, A. J., Dunlop, S., Di Lorenzo Alho, A. T., Nguy, A., Leite, R. E. P., Rodriguez, R. D., Mejia, M. B., Suemoto, C. K., Ferretti-Rebustini, R. E. D. L., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2362 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
What is the evidence that tau pathology spreads through prion-like propagation?
Mudher, A., Colin, M., Dujardin, S., Medina, M., Dewachter, I., Alavi Naini, S. M., Mandelkow, E.-M., Mandelkow, E., Buée, L., Goedert, M., et al. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-017-0488-7 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Narasimhan, S., Guo, J. L., Changolkar, L., Stieber, A., McBride, J. D., Silva, L. V., He, Z., Zhang, B., Gathagan, R. J., Trojanowski, J. Q., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1230-17.2017 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Self-citationLong Road to Ruin: Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disease
Weinshenker, D. (2018) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.01.010 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Like prions: the propagation of aggregated tau and α-synuclein in neurodegeneration
Goedert, M., Masuda-Suzukake, M., & Falcon, B. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww230 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Unconventional Secretion Mediates the Trans-cellular Spreading of Tau
Katsinelos, T., Zeitler, M., Dimou, E., Karakatsani, A., Müller, H., Nachman, E., Steringer, J. P., de Almodóvar, C. R., Nickel, W., & Jahn, T. R. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.056 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Direct Evidence of Internalization of Tau by Microglia In Vitro and In Vivo
Bolós, M., Llorens-Martín, M., Jurado-Arjona, J., Hernández, F., Rábano, A., & Avila, J. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150704 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Jacobs, H. I. L., Becker, J. A., Kwong, K. K., Engels, N., Prokopiou, P. C., Papp, K. V., Properzi, M. J., Hampton, O. L., Uquillas, F. D., Sanchez, J. S., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2511 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Fontaine, S. N., Zheng, D., Sabbagh, J. J., Martin, M. D., Chaput, D., Darling, A. L., Trotter, J. H., Stothert, A. R., Nordhues, B. A., Lussier, A. L., et al. (2016) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201593489 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition in Health and Disease
Borodovitsyna, O., Flamini, M. D., & Chandler, D. J. (2017) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2017/6031478 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Tau Aggregation and Spreading
Edwards, G., Zhao, J., Dash, P. K., Soto, C., & Moreno-Gonzalez, I. (2020) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6348 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
The Cholinergic System, the Adrenergic System and the Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease
Bekdash, R. A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031273 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Woerman, A. L., Aoyagi, A., Patel, S. S., Kazmi, S. A., Lobach, I. V., Grinberg, L. T., McKee, A. C., Seeley, W. W., Olson, S. H., & Prusiner, S. B. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1616344113 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Patient-centered connectivity-based prediction of tau pathology spread in Alzheimer’s disease
Franzmeier, N., Dewenter, A., Frontzkowski, L. K., Dichgans, M., Rubinski, A., Neitzel, J., Smith, R. A., Strandberg, O. T., Ossenkoppele, R., Büerger, K., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd1327 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Discovery and characterization of stable and toxic Tau/phospholipid oligomeric complexes
Ait‐Bouziad, N., Lv, G., Mahul‐Mellier, A., Xiao, S., Zorludemir, G., Eliezer, D., Walz, T., & Lashuel, H. A. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01575-4 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Experimental evidence for the age dependence of tau protein spread in the brain
Wegmann, S., Bennett, R. E., Delorme, L., Robbins, A. B., Hu, M., MacKenzie, D., Kirk, M. J., Schiantarelli, J., Tunio, N., Amaral, A. C., et al. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw6404 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Niu, L., Zhang, F., Xu, X., Yang, Y., Li, S., Liu, H., & Le, W. (2021) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.13028 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Mechanisms of protein toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases
Chung, C. G., Lee, H., & Lee, S. B. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-018-2854-4 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Strang, K. H., Croft, C. L., Sorrentino, Z. A., Chakrabarty, P., Golde, T. E., & Giasson, B. I. (2017) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m117.815357 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Chen, C., Zhou, Y., Wang, H., Alam, A. M., Kang, S. S., Ahn, E. H., Liu, X., Jia, J., & Ye, K. (2021) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2020106320 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Induction of a transmissible tau pathology by traumatic brain injury
Zanier, E. R., Bertani, I., Sammali, E., Pischiutta, F., Chiaravalloti, M. A., Vegliante, G., Masone, A., Corbelli, A., Smith, D. H., Menon, D. K., et al. (2018) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awy193 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Aβ and tau prion-like activities decline with longevity in the Alzheimer’s disease human brain
Aoyagi, A., Condello, C., Stöhr, J., Yue, W., Rivera, B. M., Lee, J. C., Woerman, A. L., Halliday, G. M., van Duinen, S. G., Ingelsson, M., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aat8462 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Removing endogenous tau does not prevent tau propagation yet reduces its neurotoxicity
Wegmann, S., Maury, E. A., Kirk, M. J., Saqran, L., Roe, A., DeVos, S. L., Nicholls, S., Fan, Z., Takeda, S., Cagsal‐Getkin, O., et al. (2015) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201592748 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
P53 aggregation, interactions with tau, and impaired DNA damage response in Alzheimer’s disease
Farmer, K. M., Ghag, G., Puangmalai, N., Montalbano, M., Bhatt, N. N., & Kayed, R. (2020) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-020-01012-6 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Spreading of α-Synuclein and Tau: A Systematic Comparison of the Mechanisms Involved
Vasili, E., Dominguez‐Meijide, A., & Outeiro, T. F. (2019) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2019.00107 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of tauopathies: Hopes and challenges
Khanna, M. R., Kovalevich, J., Lee, V. M. ‐., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Brunden, K. R. (2016) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.006 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationA Dual Pathogenic Mechanism Links Tau Acetylation to Sporadic Tauopathy
Trzeciakiewicz, H., Tseng, J., Wander, C. M., Madden, V. J., Tripathy, A., Yuan, C., & Cohen, T. J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44102 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Different tau species lead to heterogeneous tau pathology propagation and misfolding
Dujardin, S., Bégard, S., Caillierez, R., Lachaud, C., Carrier, S., Lieger, S., Gonzalez, J. A., Deramecourt, V., Déglon, N., Maurage, C.-A., et al. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0637-7 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicle Biology in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Tauopathy
DeLeo, A. M., & Ikezu, T. (2017) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-017-9768-z · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Ondrejčák, T., Klyubin, I. V., Corbett, G. T., Fraser, G. M., Hong, W., Mably, A. J., Gardener, M. J., Hammersley, J., Perkinton, M. S., Billinton, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1700-18.2018 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
TIA1 regulates the generation and response to toxic tau oligomers
Jiang, L., Ash, P. E. A., Maziuk, B. F., Ballance, H. I., Boudeau, S., Abdullatif, A. A., Orlando, M., Petrucelli, L., Ikezu, T., & Wolozin, B. L. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1937-5 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Chronic Sleep Disruption Advances the Temporal Progression of Tauopathy in P301S Mutant Mice
Zhu, Y., Zhan, G., Fenik, P., Brandes, M., Bell, P., François, N., Shulman, K., & Veasey, S. C. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0275-18.2018 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Baker, S., Polanco, J. C., & Götz, J. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160371 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Propagation of Tau Pathology: Integrating Insights From Postmortem and In Vivo Studies
Vogels, T., Leuzy, A., Cicognola, C., Ashton, N. J., Smolek, T., Novák, M., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Hromádka, T., Žilka, N., et al. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.019 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Filamentous recombinant human Tau activates primary astrocytes via an integrin receptor complex
Wang, P., & Ye, Y. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20322-w · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Prions and Protein Assemblies that Convey Biological Information in Health and Disease
Sanders, D. W., Kaufman, S. K., Holmes, B. B., & Diamond, M. I. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.026 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Thal, D. R., & Tomé, S. O. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.006 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Antibodies inhibit transmission and aggregation of C9orf72 poly‐GA dipeptide repeat proteins
Zhou, Q., Lehmer, C., Michaelsen, M., Mori, K., Alterauge, D., Baumjohann, D., Schludi, M. H., Greiling, J., Farny, D., Flatley, A., et al. (2017) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.15252/emmm.201607054 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Tau prion-like propagation: state of the art and current challenges
Dujardin, S., & Hyman, B. T. (2019) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_23 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Wu, X., Piña-Crespo, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, X., & Xu, H. (2017) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/0366-6999.220313 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Propagation of tau and α-synuclein in the brain: therapeutic potential of the glymphatic system
Lopes, D. M., Llewellyn, S. K., & Harrison, I. F. (2022) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-022-00293-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The <scp>NLRP3</scp> inflammasome modulates tau pathology and neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model
Stancu, I. C., Lodder, C., Botella Lucena, P., Vanherle, S., Gutiérrez de Ravé, M., Terwel, D., Bottelbergs, A., & Dewachter, I. (2022) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24160 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Models of Network Spread and Network Degeneration in Brain Disorders
Raj, A., & Powell, F. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.07.012 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Scialò, C., Cecco, E. D., Manganotti, P., & Legname, G. (2019) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v11030261 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Ghosh, A., Torraville, S. E., Mukherjee, B., Walling, S. G., Martin, G. M., Harley, C. W., & Yuan, Q. (2019) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0511-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Satoh, A., & Iijima, K. (2017) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.027 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Henrich, M. T., Geibl, F. F., Lee, B., Chiu, W., Koprich, J. B., Brotchie, J. M., Timmermann, L., Decher, N., Matschke, L. A., & Oertel, W. H. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0541-1 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Prion-like mechanisms in Alzheimer disease
Walker, L. C. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63945-5.00016-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Early alteration of the locus coeruleus in phenotypic variants of Alzheimer’s disease
Olivieri, P., Lagarde, J., Lehéricy, S., Valabrègue, R., Michel, A., Mace, P., Caillé, F., Gervais, P., Bottlaender, M., & Sarazin, M. (2019) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.50818 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Prion-like mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders
Hasegawa, M., Nonaka, T., & Masuda‐Suzukake, M. (2016) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.11.010 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Dunn, M., Henke, A., Clark, S. D., Kovalyova, Y., Kempadoo, K. A., Karpowicz, R. J., Kandel, E. R., Sulzer, D. L., & Sameš, D. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05075-x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Giorgi, F. S., Galgani, A., Puglisi‐Allegra, S., Limanaqi, F., Busceti, C. L., & Fornai, F. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24718 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Tau misfolding efficiently propagates between individual intact hippocampal neurons
Hallinan, G. I., Vargas-Caballero, M., West, J., & Deinhardt, K. (2019) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1590-19.2019 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Tau Filament Self-Assembly and Structure: Tau as a Therapeutic Target
Oakley, S. S., Maina, M. B., Marshall, K. E., Al‐Hilaly, Y. K., Harrington, C., Wischik, C. M., & Serpell, L. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.590754 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The Neuroanatomy of the Reticular Nucleus Locus Coeruleus in Alzheimer’s Disease
Giorgi, F. S., Ryskalin, L., Ruffoli, R., Biagioni, F., Limanaqi, F., Ferrucci, M., Busceti, C. L., Bonuccelli, U., & Fornai, F. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00080 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Microglia: Friend and foe in tauopathy
Odfalk, K. F., Bieniek, K. F., & Hopp, S. C. (2022) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102306 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Down but Not Out: The Consequences of Pretangle Tau in the Locus Coeruleus
Chalermpalanupap, T., Weinshenker, D., & Rorabaugh, J. M. (2017) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2017/7829507 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Locus Coeruleus Modulates Neuroinflammation in Parkinsonism and Dementia
Giorgi, F. S., Biagioni, F., Galgani, A., Pavese, N., Lazzeri, G., & Fornai, F. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21228630 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Review: Neuropathology and behavioural features of transgenic murine models of Alzheimer's disease
Ameen‐Ali, K. E., Wharton, S. B., Simpson, J. E., Heath, P. R., Sharp, P. S., & Berwick, J. (2017) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12440 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The AD tau core spontaneously self-assembles and recruits full-length tau to filaments
Carlomagno, Y., Manne, S., Deture, M. A., Prudencio, M., Zhang, Y., Al‐Shaikh, R. H., Dunmore, J. A., Daughrity, L. M., Song, Y., Castanedes‐Casey, M., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108843 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The spectrum of preclinical Alzheimer's disease pathology and its modulation by ApoE genotype
Pletniková, O., Kageyama, Y., Rudow, G. L., LaClair, K. D., Albert, M., Crain, B. J., Tian, J., Fowler, D. R., & Troncoso, J. C. (2018) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.007 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Physiological clearance of tau in the periphery and its therapeutic potential for tauopathies
Wang, J., Jin, W.-S., Bu, X.-L., Zeng, F., Huang, Z., Li, W.-W., Shen, L.-L., Zhuang, Z.-Q., Fang, Y.-Q., Sun, B.-L., et al. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1891-2 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal patterns of locus coeruleus integrity predict cortical tau and cognition
Bueichekú, E., Diez, I. P., Kim, C. M., Becker, J. A., Koops, E. A., Kwong, K. K., Papp, K. V., Salat, D. H., Bennett, D. A., Rentz, D. M., et al. (2024) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-024-00626-y · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Clustering of Tau fibrils impairs the synaptic composition of α3‐Na+/K+‐ATPase and AMPA receptors
Shrivastava, A. N., Redeker, V., Pieri, L., Bousset, L., Renner, M. L., Madiona, K., Mailhes‐Hamon, C., Coens, A., Buée, L., Hantraye, P., et al. (2019) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201899871 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Yu, A., Fox, S. G., Cavallini, A., Kerridge, C., O’Neill, M. J., Wolak, J., Bose, S., & Morimoto, R. I. (2019) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.ra119.007527 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Noradrenergic Hypothesis Linking Neurodegeneration-Based Cognitive Decline and Astroglia
Leanza, G., Gulino, R., & Zorec, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00254 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Tau seeding and spreading in vivo is supported by both AD-derived fibrillar and oligomeric tau
de Gérando, A. M., Welikovitch, L. A., Khasnavis, A., Commins, C., Glynn, C. A., Chun, J. E., Perbet, R., & Hyman, B. T. (2023) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-023-02600-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The role of Locus Coeruleus in neuroinflammation occurring in Alzheimer’s disease
Giorgi, F. S., Saccaro, L. F., Galgani, A., Busceti, C. L., Biagioni, F., Frati, A., & Fornai, F. (2019) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.007 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cecco, E. D., Celauro, L., Vanni, S., Grandolfo, M., Bistaffa, E., Moda, F., Aguzzi, A., & Legname, G. (2020) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15040 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
In vitro amplification of pathogenic tau conserves disease-specific bioactive characteristics
Xu, H. W., O’Reilly, M., Gibbons, G. S., Changolkar, L. N., McBride, J. D., Riddle, D. M., Zhang, B., Stieber, A., Nirschl, J., Kim, S., et al. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-020-02253-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationMcAllister, B. B., Lacoursiere, S. G., Sutherland, R. J., & Mohajerani, M. H. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.026 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Orexin Receptor Antagonism: Normalizing Sleep Architecture in Old Age and Disease
Kron, J. O.-Z. J., Keenan, R. J., Hoyer, D., & Jacobson, L. H. (2023) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-040323-031929 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
ApoE4 inhibition of VMAT2 in the locus coeruleus exacerbates Tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Kang, S. S., Ahn, E. H., Liu, X., Bryson, M., Miller, G. W., Weinshenker, D., & Ye, K. (2021) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-021-02315-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Delta-secretase cleavage of Tau mediates its pathology and propagation in Alzheimer’s disease
Kang, S. S., Ahn, E. H., & Ye, K. (2020) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-020-00494-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Spatial mapping of the brain metabolome lipidome and glycome
Clarke, H. A., Ma, X., Shedlock, C. J., Medina, T., Hawkinson, T. R., Wu, L., Ribas, R. A., Keohane, S. B., Ravi, S., Bizon, J. L., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59487-7 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Goodwin, M. S., Sinyavskaya, O., Burg, F., O’Neal, V., Ceballos‐Diaz, C., Cruz, P. E., Lewis, J. M., Giasson, B. I., Davies, P., Golde, T. E., et al. (2020) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Locus Coeruleus Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neurological Diseases
Galgani, A., Lombardo, F. P., Latta, D. D., Martini, N., Bonuccelli, U., Fornai, F., & Giorgi, F. S. (2020) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-020-01087-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Baker, S. L., & Götz, J. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-016-0300-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A method for inferring regional origins of neurodegeneration
Torok, J., Maia, P. D., Powell, F., Pandya, S., & Raj, A. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx371 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Prion-Like Behavior of Assembled Tau in Transgenic MicePreprint
Clavaguera, F., Tolnay, M., & Goedert, M. (2016) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a024372 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Schultz, M. K., Gentzel, R. C., Usenovic, M., Gretzula, C. A., Ware, C., Parmentier‐Batteur, S., Schachter, J. B., & Zariwala, H. A. (2018) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.003 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Seizures are a druggable mechanistic link between TBI and subsequent tauopathy.
Alyenbaawi, H., Kanyo, R., Locskai, L. F., Kamali-Jamil, R., DuVal, M. G., Bai, Q., Wille, H., Burton, E. A., & Allison, W. T. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.58744 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation for Alzheimer’s Disease: Tackling Circuit Dysfunction
Lam, J., Lee, J., Liu, C. Y., Lozano, A. M., & Lee, D. J. (2020) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.13305 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Regional vulnerability and spreading of hyperphosphorylated tau in seeded mouse brain
Detrez, J. R., Maurin, H., Van Kolen, K., Willems, R., Colombelli, J., Lechat, B., Roucourt, B., Van Leuven, F., Baatout, S., Larsen, P., et al. (2019) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.010 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The inhibition of LSD1 via sequestration contributes to tau-mediated neurodegeneration
Engstrom, A., Walker, A. C., Moudgal, R. A., Myrick, D. A., Kyle, S. M., Bai, Y., Rowley, M. J., & Katz, D. J. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2013552117 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
PIKfyve activity is required for lysosomal trafficking of tau aggregates and tau seeding
Soares, A. C., Ferreira, A., Mariën, J., Delay, C., Lee, E. B., Trojanowski, J. Q., Moechars, D., Annaert, W. G., & Muynck, L. D. (2021) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100636 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationWolframin is a novel regulator of tau pathology and neurodegeneration
Chen, S., Acosta, D. M., Li, L., Liang, J., Chang, Y., Wang, C., Fitzgerald, J., Morrison, C. T., Goulbourne, C. N., Nakano, Y., et al. (2022) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-022-02417-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Walsh, C., Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M., & Ahnaou, A. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.020 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Predictive Model of Spread of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Using Directional Network Diffusion
Pandya, S., Mezias, C., & Raj, A. (2017) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2017.00692 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Relevance of host tau in tau seeding and spreading in tauopathies
Ferrer, I., Zelaya, M. V., Aguiló, M., Carmona, M., López‐González, I., Andrés‐Benito, P., Lidón, L., Gavı́n, R., Garcia‐Esparcia, P., & del Rı́o, J. A. (2019) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12778 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Modelling female physiology from head to Toe: impact of sex hormones, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy
Abo, S., Smith, D., Stadt, M., & Layton, A. (2022) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111074 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The connections of Locus Coeruleus with hypothalamus: potential involvement in Alzheimer’s disease
Giorgi, F. S., Galgani, A., Puglisi‐Allegra, S., Busceti, C. L., & Fornai, F. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02338-8 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Galgani, A., Lombardo, F. P., Martini, N., Vergallo, A., Bastiani, L., Hampel, H. J., Hlavata, H., Baldacci, F., Tognoni, G., Marchi, D. D., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15556 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Iba, M., McBride, J. D., Guo, J. L., Zhang, B., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Lee, V. M.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Virginia M.-Y.
- Venue
- Acta Neuropathologica
- Published
- 2015-07-07
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 349-362
- ISSN
- 0001-6322 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0533
- PMC
- PMC4545685
- OpenAlex
- W812488793
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 15.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Acta Neuropathologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health Grant (AG17586)
- the Marian S. Ware Alzheimer Program Cure Alzheimer’s Fund
- the Karen Cohen Segal and Christopher S. Segal Alzheimer Drug Discovery Initiative Fund
- the Paula C. Schmerler Fund for Alzheimer’s Research
- the Barrist Neurodegenerative Disease Research Fund
- the Eleanor Margaret Kurtz Endowed Fund
- the Mary Rasmus Endowed Fund for Alzheimer’s Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cell-to-cell transmission, locus coeruleus, PS19 mice, P301S tau, Alzheimer's disease, Braak hypothesis, tau tangles, efferent projections, axon terminals, neuronal perikarya, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Efferent Pathways, Escherichia coli, Female, Humans, Hypothalamus, Immunohistochemistry, Locus Coeruleus, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Mutation, Neurons, Thalamus, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, tau Proteins, Disease Progression, Tauopathies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
