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Empathy in schizophrenia: impaired resonance
Open accessAbstract
Resonance is the phenomenon of one person unconsciously mirroring the motor actions as basis of emotional expressions of another person. This shared representation serves as a basis for sharing physiological and emotional states of others and is an important component of empathy. Contagious laughing and contagious yawning are examples of resonance. In the interpersonal contact with individuals with schizophrenia we can often experience impaired empathic resonance. The aim of this study is to determine differences in empathic resonance-in terms of contagion by yawning and laughing-in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls in the context of psychopathology and social functioning. We presented video sequences of yawning, laughing or neutral faces to 43 schizophrenia outpatients and 45 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Participants were video-taped during the stimulation and rated regarding contagion by yawning and laughing. In addition, we assessed self-rated empathic abilities (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), psychopathology (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in the schizophrenia group resp. Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in the control group), social dysfunction (Social Dysfunction Index) and executive functions (Stroop, Fluency). Individuals with schizophrenia showed lower contagion rates for yawning and laughing. Self-rated empathic concern showed no group difference and did not correlate with contagion. Low rate of contagion by laughing correlated with the schizophrenia negative syndrome and with social dysfunction. We conclude that impaired resonance is a handicap for individuals with schizophrenia in social life. Blunted observable resonance does not necessarily reflect reduced subjective empathic concern.
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“However, previous studies assessed either voluntary imitation [7][8][9][10][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] or automatic imitation of emotional stimuli 12,13,32,33 while not controlling for the cognitive, motoric, and/or emotional deficits associated with the disorder.”
From Enhanced Automatic Action Imitation and Intact Imitation-Inhibition in Schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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“However, previous studies assessed either voluntary imitation [7][8][9][10][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] or automatic imitation of emotional stimuli 12,13,32,33 while not controlling for the cognitive, motoric, and/or emotional deficits associated with the disorder.”
From Enhanced Automatic Action Imitation and Intact Imitation-Inhibition in Schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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“Third, because patients display a variety of problems in processing of emotions, 46 it is unclear whether a deficit in voluntary or automatic imitation of emotional stimuli 11,12,47,48 would reflect a specific impairment in imitation, or other aspects of emotion processing”
From Enhanced Automatic Action Imitation and Intact Imitation-Inhibition in Schizophrenia (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Haker, H., & Rössler, W.
- Venue
- European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
- Published
- 2009-04-18
- Volume
- 259
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 352-361
- ISSN
- 0003-9373 (ISSN-L)
- 0940-1334
- 1433-8491
- OpenAlex
- W2014437618
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 7.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- empathy, schizophrenia, resonance, contagious yawning, mirror neuron system, social dysfunction, negative symptoms, empathic concern, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, social cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition Disorders, Empathy, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Personality, Problem Solving, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Verbal Behavior, Linear Models, Statistics, Nonparametric, Young Adult
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