"Theory of Mind" in Schizophrenia: A Review of the Literature
Abstract
The term theory of mind (ToM) refers to the capacity to infer one's own and other persons' mental states. A substantial body of research has highlighted the evolution of ToM in nonhuman primates, its emergence during human ontogeny, and impaired ToM in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. There is good empirical evidence that ToM is specifically impaired in schizophrenia and that many psychotic symptoms-for instance, delusions of alien control and persecution, the presence of thought and language disorganization, and other behavioral symptoms-may best be understood in light of a disturbed capacity in patients to relate their own intentions to executing behavior, and to monitor others' intentions. However, it is still under debate how an impaired ToM in schizophrenia is associated with other aspects of cognition, how the impairment fluctuates with acuity or chronicity of the schizophrenic disorder, and how this affects the patients' use of language and social behavior. In addition to these potential research areas, future studies may also address whether patients could benefit from cognitive training in this domain.
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Poor insight may arise from deficits in social cognition.
“A fourth potential barrier to insight are deficits in social cognition, or the processes which allow people to grasp the meanings of social interactions and mental experiences of others 137 , including theory of mind, affect recognition and attributional style 138 .”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [137]
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- Authors
- Brune, M.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-01-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-42
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1707
- OpenAlex
- W2096899798
- Semantic Scholar
- c1fe450fd0dab414e2dc722587515fba6a53a6ec
- Cited by
- 1,044
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 68
- FWCI
- 25.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-CE28-0004)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- theory of mind, schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Humans, Language Disorders, Schizophrenia, Thinking, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Intention, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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