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Longitudinal study of music therapy’s effectiveness for premature infants and their caregivers (LongSTEP): Feasibility study with a Norwegian cohort

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Ghetti, Claire M, Vederhus, Bente Johanne, Gaden, Tora Söderström, Brenner, Annette K, Bieleninik, Łucja, Kvestad, Ingrid, Assmus, Jörg, Gold, Christian·2021·Journal of Music Therapy
DOI 10.1093/jmt/thaa023
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Abstract

Premature infants and their parents experience significant stress during the perinatal period. Music therapy (MT) may support maternal–infant bonding during this critical period, but studies measuring impact across the infant’s first year are lacking. This nonrandomized feasibility study used quantitative and qualitative methods within a critical realist perspective to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and suitability of the treatment arm of the Longitudinal Study of music Therapy’s Effectiveness for Premature infants and their caregivers (LongSTEP) (NCT03564184) trial with a Norwegian cohort (N = 3). Families were offered MT emphasizing parent-led infant-directed singing during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization and across 3 months post-discharge. We used inductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with parents at discharge from NICU and at 3 months and analyzed quantitative variables descriptively. Findings indicate that: (1) parents of premature infants are willing to participate in MT research where parental voice is a main means of musical interaction; (2) parents are generally willing to engage in MT in NICU and post-discharge phases, finding it particularly interesting to note infant responsiveness and interaction over time; (3) parents seek information about the aims and specific processes involved in MT; (4) the selected self-reports are reasonable to complete; and (5) the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire appears to be a suitable measure of impaired maternal–infant bonding. Parents reported that they were able to transfer resources honed during MT to parent–infant interactions outside MT and recognized parental voice as a central means of building relation with their infants. Results inform the implementation of a subsequent multinational trial that will address an important gap in knowledge.

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  • A stressful perinatal experience for parents and preterm infants may begin during pregnancy and can persist for months to years after NICU discharge.

    “A stressful perinatal experience for these parents and infants may begin during pregnancy and can persist for months to years after NICU discharge (Ghetti et al., 2021; Lakshmanan et al., 2017).”

    From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Ghetti et al., 2021

    The Background (page unavailable) says parents of preterm infants face elevated stress and that prematurity can have long-lasting consequences for infants. The Participants and Participant Flow section (page unavailable) also describes one family feeling overwhelmed after discharge. The paper does not establish that the stressful experience begins during pregnancy or persists for months to years after NICU discharge. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • An overwhelming and prolonged stressful experience negatively impacts the developing parent-infant relationship, breastfeeding, and health outcomes of the infant and parents.

    “Such an overwhelming and prolonged stressful experience negatively impacts the developing parent-infant relationship, breastfeeding, and health outcomes of the infant and parents (Ghetti et al., 2021; Purdy, Craig, & Zeanah, 2015; Ravn et al., 2012; Silva, Zilly, Nonose, Fonseca, & Mello, 2020).”

    From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Ghetti et al., 2021

    The Background (page not available in our copy) says that prolonged NICU hospitalization and separation can challenge parent–infant bonding, and reports elevated stress and poorer health-related outcomes among preterm infants and their parents. It does not establish that the stressful experience causes all those outcomes. The breastfeeding passages, in Intervention and Experience of MT (pages not available), do not say that prolonged stress negatively affects breastfeeding. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • When music therapy was incorporated as part of in-person home visits, parents described the experience as exciting, interesting, cool, cozy, fun, a 'break', something 'different', and a valuable opportunity to get to know each other and do something together as a family.

    “When music therapy was incorporated as part of the in-person home visits, parents described the experience as exciting, interesting, cool, cozy, fun, a ‘break’, something ‘different’, and a valuable opportunity to get to know each other and do something together as a family (Ghetti et al., 2021).”

    From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Ghetti et al., 2021

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Ghetti, C. M., Vederhus, B. J., Gaden, T. S., Brenner, A. K., Bieleninik, Ł., Kvestad, I., Assmus, J., & Gold, C.
Affiliations
  • NORCE Research AS (NO)
  • Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
  • University of Gdańsk (PL)
Corresponding author
Ghetti, Claire M
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Music Therapy
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2021-01-15
Volume
58
Issue
2
Pages
201-240
ISSN
  • 0022-2917 (ISSN-L)
  • 2053-7395
DOI
10.1093/jmt/thaa023
OpenAlex
W3124389521
Cited by
45
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6
FWCI
7.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Music Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • University of Bergen
  • Research Council of Norway (273534)
  • POLYFON Knowledge Cluster for Music Therapy
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
Keywords
music therapy, preterm infants, parent-infant bonding, neonatal intensive care, maternal-infant bonding, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, caregiver stress, feasibility, acceptability, infant responsiveness, parent-infant interaction
MeSH terms
Adult, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Music Therapy, Norway, Stress, Psychological, Treatment Outcome, Caregivers, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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