Resilience: a mediator of the negative effects of pandemic-related stress on women’s mental health in the USA
Open accessAbstract
The role of resilience in mediating the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of US women is poorly understood. We examined socioeconomic factors associated with low resilience in women, the relationship of low resilience with psychiatric morbidity, and the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between pandemic-related stress and other coincident psychiatric morbidities. Using a quota-based sample from a national panel, we conducted a web-based survey of 3200 US women in April 2020. Weighted, multivariate logistic regression was used to model the odds of pandemic-related stress, and coincident depression and anxiety symptoms among those with and without low resilience. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate resilience as a mediator of the relationship between pandemic-related stress and other coincident psychiatric morbidities. Risk factors for low resilience included younger age, lower household income, lower education, unemployment, East/Southeast Asian race, unmarried/unpartnered status, and higher number of medical comorbidities. Low resilience was significantly associated with greater odds of depression symptoms (OR = 3.78, 95% CI [3.10-4.60]), anxiety symptoms (OR = 4.17, 95% CI [3.40-5.11]), and pandemic-related stress (OR = 2.86, 95% CI [2.26-3.26]). Resilience acted as a partial mediator in the association between pandemic-related stress and anxiety symptoms (proportion mediated = 0.23) and depression symptoms (proportion mediated = 0.28). In the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, low resilience mediated the association between pandemic-related stress and psychiatric morbidity. Strategies proven to enhance resilience, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and addressing socioeconomic factors, may help mitigate mental health outcomes.
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There are other important domains relevant to women's mental health that have yet to be examined in terms of surf therapy, including emotional regulation, body acceptance, and resilience.
“There are other important domains relevant to women’s mental health that have yet to be examined in terms of surf therapy, including emotional regulation, body acceptance, and resilience.”
From The Groundswell Community Surf Therapy Intervention for At-Risk Women and Changes in Body Acceptance, Resilience, and Emotional Regulation (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that low resilience was associated with poorer self-reported mental health among women, supporting resilience as a relevant domain. The paper does not address surf therapy, whether resilience has been studied in that context, or the relevance of emotional regulation and body acceptance. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Kumar, S., Lee, N. K., Pinkerton, E., Wroblewski, K. E., Lengyel, E., & Tobin, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tobin, Marie
- Venue
- Archives of Women's Mental Health
- Published
- 2021-10-14
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 137-146
- ISSN
- 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1102
- PMC
- PMC8516405
- OpenAlex
- W4229072462
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9
- FWCI
- 4.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Chicago
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- resilience, COVID-19 pandemic, pandemic stress, women's mental health, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, psychiatric morbidity, socioeconomic factors, unemployment, household income, comorbidities, mediation, marital status
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Mental Health, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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