The sleep-deprived human brain

Krause, Adam J.; Simon, Eti Ben; Mander, Bryce A.; Greer, Stephanie M.; Saletin, Jared M.; Goldstein-Piekarski, Andrea N.; Walker, Matthew P.

doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.55

Cited by 1,200Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disorders

The sleep-deprived human brain

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Krause, Adam J., Simon, Eti Ben, Mander, Bryce A., Greer, Stephanie M., Saletin, Jared M., Goldstein-Piekarski, Andrea N., Walker, Matthew P.·2017·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn.2017.55PMC PMC6143346

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Abstract

How does a lack of sleep affect our brains? In contrast to the benefits of sleep, frameworks exploring the impact of sleep loss are relatively lacking. Importantly, the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) do not simply reflect the absence of sleep and the benefits attributed to it; rather, they reflect the consequences of several additional factors, including extended wakefulness. With a focus on neuroimaging studies, we review the consequences of SD on attention and working memory, positive and negative emotion, and hippocampal learning. We explore how this evidence informs our mechanistic understanding of the known changes in cognition and emotion associated with SD, and the insights it provides regarding clinical conditions associated with sleep disruption.

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Sleep deprivation negatively affects attention, working memory, and learning.
“Sleep deprivation also negatively affects attention, working memory, and learning (Alhola and Polo-Kantola, 2007; Krause et al., 2017; Walker and Stickgold, 2006).”
From School start time delays and high school educational outcomes: Evidence from the START/LEARN study (2023) · cites this paper as Krause et al., 2017
Adolescents with insufficient sleep have higher rates of behavior regulation problems, depression, anxiety, and risky behaviors than those with healthy sleep durations.
“Adolescents who do not get enough sleep have higher rates of behavior regulation problems, depression, anxiety, and risky behaviors than adolescents with healthy sleep durations (Beebe, 2011; Shochat et al., 2014), because sleep deprivation changes risk-taking, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity and is linked to poorer emotional processing (Krause et al., 2017).”
From School start time delays and high school educational outcomes: Evidence from the START/LEARN study (2023) · cites this paper as Krause et al., 2017
Sleep deprivation appears to cause alterations to neural processes that underlie a wide range of cognitive tasks, including attentional control, memory, reward processing, and emotion discrimination.
“Sleep deprivation appears to cause alterations to neural processes that underlie a wide range of cognitive tasks, including attentional control, memory, reward processing, and emotion discrimination which involve multiple brain regions and the connectivity between them (Krause et al., 2017).”
From The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. (2018) · cites this paper as Krause et al., 2017
Sleep deprivation results in deficits in the top-down allocation of attentional resources, which results in impairment in orienting to a location where a target is expected to appear, the capacity for sustained attention, and for selective attention.
“Sleep deprivation results in deficits in the top-down allocation of attentional resources, 55 which results in impairment in orienting to a location, where a target is expected to appear, 56 , 57 the capacity for sustained attention, 58 and for selective attention. 57”
From Towards an Integrative Account of Potential Mechanisms Mediating the Path From Sleep Dysfunction to Hallucinations (2025) · cites this paper as [55]
Following sleep deprivation, reductions in activity in the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus are observed, which contribute to attentional performance deficits.
“Following sleep deprivation, reductions in activity in the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus are observed, which contribute to these attentional performance deficits. 55”
From Towards an Integrative Account of Potential Mechanisms Mediating the Path From Sleep Dysfunction to Hallucinations (2025) · cites this paper as [55]

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Authors: Krause, A. J., Simon, E. B., Mander, B. A., Greer, S. M., Saletin, J. M., Goldstein-Piekarski, A. N., & Walker, M. P.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Walker, Matthew P.
ORCID: Krause, Adam J.
Simon, Eti Ben
Mander, Bryce A.
Greer, Stephanie M.
Saletin, Jared M.
Walker, Matthew P.
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2017-05-18
Volume: 18
Issue: 7
Pages: 404-418
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.55
PMC: PMC6143346
OpenAlex: W2616414475
Cited by: 1,200
References: 183
Citations by year: 2026: 156 · 2025: 193 · 2024: 151 · 2023: 166 · 2022: 136 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 89 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 12 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 7.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (RF1AG054019, RF1AG054106, R01AG031164)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH093537)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: sleep deprivation, attention, working memory, emotions, positive emotions, negative emotions, extended wakefulness, sleep disruption, cognition
MeSH terms: Attention, Brain, Cognition, Emotions, Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Reward, Sleep Deprivation, Wakefulness, Neuroimaging

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