How impaired are children and adolescents by mental health problems? Results of the BELLA study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The consideration of impairment plays a crucial role in detecting significant mental health problems in children whose symptoms do not meet diagnostic criteria. The assessment of impairment may be particularly relevant when only short screening instruments are applied in epidemiological surveys. Furthermore, differences between childrens' and parents' perceptions of present impairment and impairing symptoms are of interest with respect to treatment-seeking behaviour. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to assess parent- and self-reported impairment due to mental health problems in a representative sample of children and adolescents; to describe the characteristics of highly impaired children with normal symptom scores; and to investigate the associations between symptoms in different problem areas and impairment. METHODS: The mental health module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (the BELLA study) examined mental health in a representative sub-sample of 2,863 families with children aged 7-17. Self-reported and parent-reported symptoms of mental health problems and associated impairment were identified by the extended version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in children 11 years and older. RESULTS: Considerable levels of distress and functional impairment were found with 14.1% of the boys and 9.9% of the girls being severely impaired according to the parental reports. However, self-reported data shows a reversed gender-difference as well as lower levels of severe impairment (6.1% in boys; 10.0% in girls). Six percent of the sampled children suffer from pronounced impairment due to mental health problems but were not detected by screening for overall symptoms. Childrens' and parents' reports differed in regard to the association between reported symptom scores and associated impairment with children reporting higher impairment due to emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of impairment caused by mental health problems provides important information beyond the knowledge of symptoms and helps to identify an otherwise undetected high risk group. In the assessment of impairment, gender-specific issues have to be taken into account. Regarding the systematic differences between childrens' and parents' reports in the assessment of impairment, the child's perspective should be given special attention.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Functional impairment can highlight difficulties faced in daily life, even by individuals with low psychological symptoms.
“Assessing functional impairment is essential to capture the training’s potential for meaningful impact, as it is indicative of future mental ill-health (Andrews & Schweizer, 2023) and can highlight difficulties faced in daily life, even by individuals with low psychological symptoms (Wille, Bettge, Wittchen, Ravens-Sieberer, & The BELLA study group, 2008).”
From A single session online training reduces intolerance of uncertainty and improves mental health in emerging adults. (2025) · cites this paper as Wille et al., 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note
Goodman, R. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x · Cited by 14,908 · see citing works
BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D. A., CHIAPPETTA, L., BRIDGE, J., MONGA, S., & BAUGHER, M. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011 · Cited by 2,252 · see citing works
Goodman, R., Ford, T., Simmons, H., Gatward, R., & Meltzer, H. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.177.6.534 · Cited by 1,818 · see citing works
Goodman, R. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00494 · Cited by 1,760 · see citing works
SHAFFER, D., FISHER, P., DULCAN, M. K., DAVIES, M., PIACENTINI, J., SCHWAB-STONE, M. E., LAHEY, B. B., BOURDON, K., JENSEN, P. S., BIRD, H. R., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199607000-00012 · Cited by 1,587 · see citing works
The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders
FORD, T., GOODMAN, R., & MELTZER, H. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011 · Cited by 1,227 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[15] in the British Mental Health Survey, a fifth of psychiatric cases had non-operationalised or ‘not otherwise specified’ disorders.”
BackgroundMental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain
Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., & Ford, T. (2003) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026021000046155 · Cited by 1,214 · see citing works
Costello, E. J., Egger, H., & Angold, A. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000172552.41596.6f · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
The Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in Great Britain
Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., & Ford, T. J. (2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e622732007-001 · Cited by 905 · see citing works
Estimnates of the Prevalence of Childhood Maladjustment in a Community Survey in Puerto Rico
Bird, H. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800360068010 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Prevalence of Psychopathology Among Children and Adolescents
ROBERTS, R. E., Attkisson, C. C., & Rosenblatt, A. (1998) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.155.6.715 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Rating scales for use in drug studies with children
Conners, C. K. (1973) · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Achenbach, T. M. (2000) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10517-028 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Angold, A. C., Costello, E. J., Farmer, E. M. Z., Burns, B. J., & ERKANLI, A. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199902000-00011 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Fendrich, M., Weissman, M. M., & Warner, V. (1990) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115529 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Perceived parental burden and service use for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.
Angold, A. C., Messer, S. C., Stangl, D. K., Farmer, E. M. Z., Costello, E. J., & Burns, B. J. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.1.75 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Woerner, W., Fleitlich‐Bilyk, B., Martinussen, R., Fletcher, J. F., Cucchiaro, G., Dalgalarrondo, P., Lui, M., & Tannock, R. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-2008-0 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
The Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth
Costello, E. J. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830120077013 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Simonoff, E. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210039004 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Impairment in the Epidemiological Measurement of Childhood Psychopathology in the Community
BIRD, H. R., YAGER, T. J., STAGHEZZA, B. M., Gould, M. S., CANINO, G. J., & Rubio‐Stipec, M. (1990) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199009000-00020 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Multiaxial Classification of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders
World Health Organisation, & Rutter, S. M. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511983757 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Adolescent Outcomes of Childhood Disorders: The Consequences of Severity and Impairment
Costello, E. J., Angold, A. C., & Keeler, G. P. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199902000-00010 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-reported strengths and difficulties in a large Norwegian population 10–19 years
Roy, B. V., Grøholt, B., Heyerdahl, S., & Clench‐Aas, J. (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0521-4 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Child psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial impairment: relationship and prognostic significance
Pickles, A. R., Rowe, R., Simonoff, E. A., Foley, D. L., Rutter, M. L., & Silberg, J. L. (2001) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.179.3.230 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Menzel, S. (2003) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026//0942-5403.12.1.53 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Döpfner, M., Steinhausen, H., Coghill, D., Dalsgaard, S., Poole, L., Ralston, S. J., Rothenberger, A., & ADORE Study Group* (2006) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-006-1007-8 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
and the BELLA study group, Rothenberger, A., Becker, A., Erhart, M., Wille, N., & Ravens‐Sieberer, U. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1011-2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationBird, H., CANINO, G. J., Davies, M., Ramírez, R., Chavez, L. M., Duarte, C. S., & Shen, S. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000163281.41383.94 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
the KiGGS study group, Ravens‐Sieberer, U., BELLA study group, & Kurth, B. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1002-3 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationClassification of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: building castles in the sand?
Scott, S. (2002) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.8.3.205 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Trends in Mental Health Care among Children and Adolescents
Olfson, M., Druss, B. G., & Marcus, S. C. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa1413512 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Hohls, J. K., König, H.-H., Quirke, E., & Hajek, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182212022 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
KiGGS Study Group, Hölling, H., Schlack, R., Petermann, F., Ravens‐Sieberer, U., & Mauz, E. (2014) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-014-1979-3 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Self-citationTrauma, exile and mental health in young refugees
Montgomery, E. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01740.x · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Social competence and psychopathology in early childhood: a systematic review
Huber, L., Plötner, M., & Schmitz, J. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1152-x · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Fostering socio-emotional learning through early childhood intervention
Mondi, C. F., Giovanelli, A., & Reynolds, A. J. (2021) · International journal of child care and education policy/International journal of child care and education · doi:10.1186/s40723-021-00084-8 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Annual Research Review: Conceptualising functional impairment in children and adolescents
Rapee, R. M., Bőgels, S. M., van der Sluis, C. M., Craske, M. G., & Ollendick, T. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02479.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The influence of parental education on child mental health in Spain
Sonego, M., Llácer, A., Galán, I., & Simón, F. (2012) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0130-x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
the BELLA study group, Bettge, S., Wille, N., Barkmann, C., Schulte‐Markwort, M., & Ravens‐Sieberer, U. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1008-x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationRodríguez-Hernández, P. J., Betancort, M., Ramı́rez, G., García, R., Sanz, E. J., & Cuevas, C. D. L. (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 84 · see citing works
The BELLA study group, Hintzpeter, B., Klasen, F., Schön, G., Voss, C., Hölling, H., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2015) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0676-6 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationthe KiGGS study group, Ravens‐Sieberer, U., BELLA study group, & Kurth, B. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1002-3 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for preschool children—a Swedish validation
Gustafsson, B. M., Gustafsson, P. A., & Proczkowska‐Björklund, M. (2016) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2016.1184309 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Posserud, M.-B. R., Hysing, M., Helland, W. A., Gillberg, C., & Lundervold, A. J. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.01.002 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Fuchs, S., Klein, A. M., Otto, Y., & von Klitzing, K. (2012) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-012-0343-9 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Adolescents' views about an internet platform for adolescents with mental health problems
Havas, J., de Nooijer, J., Crutzen, R., & FERON, F. J. M. (2011) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/09654281111123466 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Al‐Fayez, G., & OHAERI, J. U. (2011) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-11-71 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
«The Child is Father of the Man»
Fuchs, M., Bösch, A., Hausmann, A., & Steiner, H. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000209 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Bühlmeier, J., Harris, C. P., Koletzko, S., Lehmann, I., Bauer, C., Schikowski, T., Berg, A. V., Berdel, D., Heinrich, J., Hebebrand, J., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10050582 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Huber, L., Plötner, M., In‐Albon, T., Stadelmann, S., & Schmitz, J. (2019) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00902-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Boege, I., Corpus, N., Weichard, M., Schepker, R., Young, P. A., & Fegert, J. M. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12500 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Crutzen, R., Bosma, H., Havas, J., & FERON, F. J. M. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-824 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Tang, Y., Algurén, B., Pelletier, C., Naylor, P., & Faulkner, G. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16050-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Preventing Behavioral Disorders via Supporting Social and Emotional Competence at Preschool Age
Schell, A., Albers, L. E., von Kries, R., Hillenbrand, C., & Hennemann, T. (2015) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2015.0647 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Rabbani, A., Mahmoudi‐Gharaei, J., Mohammadi, M. R., Motlagh, M. E., Mohammad, K., Ardalan, G., Maftoon, F., Shahryari, S., Khodaei, S., Sotoudeh, A., et al. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mental Health Problems Among Preschoolers in Germany: Results of the BELLA Preschool Study
The BELLA Study Group, Wlodarczyk, O., Pawils, S., Metzner, F., Kriston, L., Wendt, C., Klasen, F., & Ravens‐Sieberer, U. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0586-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationKachi, Y., Abe, A. K., Ando, E., & Kawada, T. (2016) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867416664142 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ringeisen, H. L., Stambaugh, L. F., Bose, J., Casanueva, C. E., Hedden, S. L., Avenevoli, S., Blau, G. M., CANINO, G. J., Carter, A. S., Colpe, L. J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/1063426616675165 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Boege, I., Schepker, R., Grupp, D., & Fegert, J. M. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000711 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Intervening via chat: an opportunity for adolescents' mental health promotion?
Crutzen, R., & de Nooijer, J. (2010) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/daq062 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Moussavi, Y., Wergeland, G. J., Bøe, T., Haugland, B. S. M., Larsen, M., & Lehmann, S. (2021) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01118-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hussong, J., Möhler, E., Kühn, A. L., Wenning, M., Gehrke, T., Burckhart, H., Richter, U., Nonnenmacher, A., Zemlin, M., Lücke, T., et al. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9060780 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Aitken, M., Martinussen, R., & Tannock, R. (2016) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-016-0188-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lai, K. Y. C., Leung, P. W. L., Luk, E., & Wong, A. S. L. (2014) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-014-0439-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Versitano, S., Tesson, S., Lee, C.-W., Linnell, S., & Perkes, I. E. (2025) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674251361731 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gustafsson, B. M. (2018) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-153581 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
(2015) · The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.21608/ejcm.2015.717 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hashemi, M. S., Yarian, E., Bahadoran, P., Jandaghi, J., & Mirmohammadkhani, M. (2015) · Iranian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.5812/ijp.175 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Altay, M. A., Bozatlı, L., Şipka, B. D., & Görker, İ. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55050159 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Psychiatric Symptoms, Cognition, and Symptom Severity in Children
Pines, A. R., Tozzi, L., Bertrand, C., Keller, A. S., Zhang, X., Whitfield, S., Hastie, T. J., Larsen, B., Leikauf, J. E., & Williams, L. M. (2024) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2399 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Functional impairment and mental health functioning among Vietnamese children
Dang, H., Weiss, B., & Trung, L. T. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1114-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Effect of Maternal Depression on Young Children’s Progress in Treatment
Mennen, F. E., Pohle, C. E., Monro, W. L., Duan, L., Finello, K. M., Ambrose, S. A., Poulsen, M. K., & Arroyo, W. (2014) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-014-0010-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Stülb, K., Messerli‐Bürgy, N., Kakebeeke, T. H., Arhab, A., Zysset, A. E., Leeger‐Aschmann, C. S., Schmutz, E. A., Meyer, A. H., Kriemler, S., Jenni, O. G., et al. (2018) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-018-0849-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Need for Functional Assessments in School-Based Mental Health Intervention Research
Andrews, J. L., & Schweizer, S. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.4316 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Tatlı, C. E., & Ergin, D. A. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03384-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Entwicklung der Charakteristika von Notaufnahmen in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie
Hagmann, D., Allgaier, K., Wolf, J., Chiumento, O., Bürkle, L., Conzelmann, A., & Renner, T. J. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000859 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Haavet, O. R., Benth, J. Š., Gjelstad, S., Hanssen‐Bauer, K., Dahli, M. P., Kates, N., & Ruud, T. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050036 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Defining the Evolving Concept of Impairment
Goldstein, S., & Naglieri, J. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-387-87542-2_1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Aufsuchende Behandlungsformen für psychisch kranke Kinder und Jugendliche
Böge, I., Schepker, R., & Fegert, J. M. (2019) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-018-2874-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Witt, S., Dingemann, J., Dellenmark‐Blom, M., & Quitmann, J. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.723410 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bendiksen, B., Aase, H., Svensson, E., Friis, S., Myhre, A. M., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., & Zeiner, P. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.21307/sjcapp-2014-014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Erickson, S. J., Hile, S. N., Kubinec, N., & Annett, R. D. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01387-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Janschewski, J., Käppler, C. D. O., & Berens, P. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie · doi:10.1024/1010-0652/a000339 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ezpeleta, L., de la Osa, N., Granero, R., & Trepat, E. (2014) · Anales de Psicología · doi:10.6018/analesps.30.2.148141 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Eppelmann, L., Parzer, P., Lenzen, C., Bürger, A., Haffner, J., Resch, F., & Kaess, M. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000577 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Trends in Psychiatric Hospitalization of Children and Adolescents in Spain between 2005 and 2015
Llanes-Álvarez, C., Llano, J. A.-D., Álvarez-Navares, A. I., Pastor-Hidalgo, M. T., Roncero, C., & Franco, M. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8122111 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Decke, S., Deckert, K., Lang, M., Laub, O., Loidl, V., Schwettmann, L., & Grill, E. (2020) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-020-01344-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gustafsson, B. M., & Korhonen, L. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/34969 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Assessment of Distress Associated to Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents
Ezpeleta, L., Reich, W., & Granero, R. (2009) · Escritos de Psicología / Psychological Writings · doi:10.24310/espsiescpsi.v2i2.13372 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gustafsson, B. M., Steinwall, S., & Korhonen, L. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07815-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Javier, J., Soriano, A., & Pérez, J. E. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53767 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Huculak, S., & McLennan, J. D. (2013) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-013-9107-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ravens‐Sieberer, U. (2008) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-008-1001-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationParents’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Music Therapy on Their Chronically Ill Children
Kobus, S., Buehne, A. M., Kathemann, S., Buescher, A. K., & Lainka, E. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13050409 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rau, T., Ohlert, J., Ramsthaler, H., Fegert, J. M., & Keller, F. (2020) · Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie · doi:10.13109/prkk.2020.69.3.218 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Child bodyweight, cognitive abilities, and well-being: evidence from West Bank schools
Hallaq, S. (2023) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2023.2211747 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Defining the Evolving Concept of Impairment
Goldstein, S., & Naglieri, J. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7996-4_1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Decke, S., Hamacher, K., Lang, M., Laub, O., Schwettmann, L., Strobl, R., & Grill, E. (2022) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-022-01780-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Russell, P. S. S., Nair, M. K. C., Russell, S., Mammen, P. M., Tsheringla, S., Chandran, A., & George, B. (2013) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12098-013-1213-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sozialpsychiatrie: Trends und Herausforderungen
Gruber, D., Böhm, M., Wallner, M., & Koren, G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54626-0_9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bendiksen, B. (2016) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ehrler, M., Ramos, J. F., Wehrle, F. M., Buechel, E. R. V., Beck, I., Latal, B., & Landolt, M. A. (2026) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-026-04839-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Concurrent adversities among adolescents with conduct problems: the NAAHS study
Reigstad, B., & Kvernmo, S. E. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1258-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bock, B., Guentsch, A., Heinrich‐Weltzien, R., Filz, C., Rudovsky, M., & Schüler, I. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315615 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mirmohammadkhani, M., Paknazar, M., Asl, N. S., & Paknazar, F. (2023) · Iranian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.5812/ijp-126543 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fosterbarns kontakt med psykiske helsetjenester
Helgesen, A. B., Standal-Knutsen, T., Larsen, M., & Lehmann, S. (2018) · Tidsskriftet Norges barnevern · doi:10.18261/issn.1891-1838-2018-02-03-06 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Daniels, S., Hasan, Y., & Schweizer, S. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725102419 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hysaj, M., Crone, M. R., Jong, J. C. K., & Vermeiren, R. R. J. M. (2023) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-023-00680-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hagquist, C. (2024) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-024-02385-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adhikari, S., Ma, J., Shakya, S., Brøndbo, P. H., Handegård, B. H., & Javo, A. C. (2025) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-025-02835-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
E-Therapy with Children and Adults
Hayes, J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12376-9_2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Geryk, L. L. (2013) · Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina)
Epidemiology of childhood anxiety: longitudinal perspectives
Gallagher, S. B. (2011) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
AD/HD and autism spectrum disorders in adults
Hofvander, B. (2009) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Malestar subjetivo, entrevistas diagnósticas estructuradas y criterio de significación clínica
Ezpeleta, L., Reich, W., & Granero, R. (2009)
The impact of paediatric psychiatric morbidity as perceived by parents attending outpatient services
Moussa, S. S., Refaat, O., Amer, D. A., Emad, M., Goueli, T., & Khoweiled, A. A. (2012) · Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.7123/01.ejp.0000413183.73506.fb
Gustafsson, B. M., Steinwall, S., & Korhonen, L. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-864070/v1
Mirmohammadkhani, M., Paknazar, M., Asl, N. S., & Paknazar, F. (2023) · Innovative Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.5812/ijpediatr-126543
Pines, A. R., Tozzi, L., Bertrand, C., Keller, A. S., Zhang, X., Whitfield, S., Hastie, T. J., Larsen, B., Leikauf, J. E., & Williams, L. M. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.23294743
Kiani, B., Hadianfard, H., Weiss, M. D., & Dehbozorgi, S. (2023) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.13484
Home Treatment von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Böge, I. (2020) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49289-5_81-1
Home Treatment von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Böge, I. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66744-6_81
Rönning, S., Johansson‐Pajala, R., Olofsdotter, S., Nilsson, K. W., & Härder, M. (2025) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2025.2484607
Tang, Y., Algurén, B., Pelletier, C., Naylor, P.-J., & Faulkner, G. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23606827
Tang, Y., Algurén, B., Pelletier, C., Naylor, P.-J., & Faulkner, G. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23606824
Decke, S., Hamacher, K., Lang, M., Laub, O., Schwettmann, L., Strobl, R., & Grill, E. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20545695
Decke, S., Deckert, K., Lang, M., Laub, O., Loidl, V., Schwettmann, L., & Grill, E. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13467949
Decke, S., Deckert, K., Lang, M., Laub, O., Loidl, V., Schwettmann, L., & Grill, E. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13467953
Gustafsson, B. M., & Sund‐Levander, M. (2026) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-026-00666-1
- Authors
- Wille, N., Bettge, S., Wittchen, H.-U., Ravens-Sieberer, U., & The BELLA study group
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Wille, Nora
- Venue
- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- 42-51
- ISSN
- 1018-8827 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-165X
- PMC
- PMC2757610
- OpenAlex
- W1969337703
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Medical Studies
- Keywords
- psychiatric disability, children and adolescents, parent-child agreement, gender differences, emotional problems, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, mental health screening, treatment-seeking behavior, functional disability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Psychiatry, Affective Symptoms, Attention, Mental Disorders, Child, Child Psychiatry, Family, Female, Germany, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Parents, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Disclosure, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Cost of Illness, Sex Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
