Cited by 23Skin Protection and AgingMicrobial Natural Products and BiosynthesisMicrobial Metabolism and Applications

In Vitro Evaluation of the Photoprotective Potential of Quinolinic Alkaloids Isolated from the Antarctic Marine Fungus Penicillium echinulatum for Topical Use

Teixeira, Thaiz Rodrigues, Rangel, Karen Cristina, Tavares, Renata Spagolla Napoleão, Kawakami, Camila Martins, dos Santos, Gustavo Souza, Maria-Engler, Silvya Stuchi, Colepicolo, Pio, Gaspar, Lorena Rigo +1 more·2021·Marine Biotechnology

Abstract

Marine-derived fungi proved to be a rich source of biologically active compounds. The genus Penicillium has been extensively studied regarding their secondary metabolites and biological applications. However, the photoprotective effects of these metabolites remain underexplored. Herein, the photoprotective potential of Penicillium echinulatum, an Antarctic alga-associated fungus, was assessed by UV absorption, photostability study, and protection from UVA-induced ROS generation assay on human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and reconstructed human skin (RHS). The photosafety was evaluated by the photoreactivity (OECD TG 495) and phototoxicity assays, performed by 3T3 neutral red uptake (3T3 NRU PT, OECD TG 432) and by the RHS model. Through a bio-guided purification approach, four known alkaloids, (-)-cyclopenin (1), dehydrocyclopeptine (2), viridicatin (3), and viridicatol (4), were isolated. Compounds 3 and 4 presented absorption in UVB and UVA-II regions and were considered photostable after UVA irradiation. Despite compounds 3 and 4 showed phototoxic potential in 3T3 NRU PT, no phototoxicity was observed in the RHS model (reduction of cell viability < 30%), which indicates their very low acute photoirritation and high photosafety potential in humans. Viridicatin was considered weakly photoreactive, while viridicatol showed no photoreactivity; both compounds inhibited UVA-induced ROS generation in HaCaT cells, although viridicatol was not able to protect the RHS model against UVA-induced ROS production. Thus, the results highlighted the photoprotective and antioxidant potential of metabolites produced by P. echinulatum which can be considered a new class of molecules for photoprotection, since their photosafety and non-cytotoxicity were predicted using recommended in vitro methods for topical use.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s10126-021-10030-x

Cites

78 of 78 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Among compounds 46-49, metabolite 49 was the most successful in inhibiting ROS generation through UVA-photoinduced damage in irradiated HaCaT keratinocyte cells.

    “Among all the compounds, 49 was the most successful in inhibiting the generation of ROS through UVA-photoinduced damage in irradiated HaCaT keratinocyte cells”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [123]

  • Marine fungi Penicillium echinulatum produces photoprotective alkaloids (46-49) that are mainly absorbers of UVB and UVA radiation.

    “Marine fungi Penicillium echinulatum was reported for producing photoprotective alkaloids (46–49), all the four metabolites being mainly absorbers of UVB and UVA radiation.”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [123]

  • Metabolites from ethyl acetate extract of marine fungi Penicillium echinulatum (quinolinic alkaloids) show phototoxicity in HaCaT keratinocytes, reducing ROS by 43% at 200 μg/mL (49).

    “| Metabolites from ethyl acetate extract of marine fungi Penicillium echinulatum | Quinolinic Alkaloids | Phototoxicity (HaCaT keratinocytes cells) | Reduction of ROS (43%) at 200 µg/mL (49) | [123] |”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [123]

  • Metabolites from ethyl acetate extract of marine fungi Penicillium echinulatum include quinolinic alkaloids and are photoprotective with λmax = 287 (48), λc = 335 nm (48), λmax = 330 (49), λc = 334 nm (49).

    “| Metabolites from ethyl acetate extract of marine fungi Penicillium echinulatum | Quinolinic Alkaloids | Photoprotective | λmax = 287 (48)λc = 335 nm (48)λmax = 330 (49)λc = 334 nm (49) | [123] |”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [123]

  • Metabolites 48 and 49 were identified in major quantity in the collected extract, with critical wavelengths λc = 335 nm and 334 nm, respectively.

    “Metabolites 48 and 49 were identified in major quantity in the collected extract, with critical wavelength (λc) of 335 nm and 334 nm, respectively [123].”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [123]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Teixeira, T. R., Rangel, K. C., Tavares, R. S. N., Kawakami, C. M., dos Santos, G. S., Maria-Engler, S. S., Colepicolo, P., Gaspar, L. R., & Debonsi, H. M.
Affiliations
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Venue
Marine Biotechnology
Published
2021-04-02
Volume
23
Issue
3
Pages
357-372
ISSN
  • 1436-2228 (ISSN-L)
  • 1436-2236
OpenAlex
W3151281136
Cited by
23
References
78
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2
FWCI
3.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Marine Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Brazilian Antarctic Program (N°64/2013)
  • National Institute of Science and Technology (#465637/2014–0)
  • State of São Paulo Research Foundation (#2014/50926–0, #2017/03552-5)
  • Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PROEX - 0487)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Metabolism and Applications
Keywords
Penicillium echinulatum, photoprotection, phototoxicity, photoreactivity, keratinocytes, reconstructed human skin, marine fungi, antioxidant activity
MeSH terms
HaCaT Cells, Alkaloids, Animals, Antioxidants, Humans, Neutral Red, Penicillium, Skin, Sunscreening Agents, Ultraviolet Rays, 3T3 Cells, Reactive Oxygen Species, Dermatitis, Phototoxic, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review