Efficacy of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) for Unhealthy Alcohol Use Among Adults with HIV in Zambia: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
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This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of a multi-session, evidence-based, lay counselor-delivered transdiagnostic therapy, the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA), in reducing unhealthy alcohol use and comorbidities among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Zambia. Adult PLWH with (a) unhealthy alcohol use plus mental health or substance use comorbidities, or (b) severe unhealthy alcohol use were randomized to receive a single-session alcohol brief intervention (BI) alone or BI plus referral to CETA. Outcomes were measured at baseline and a 6-month follow-up and included Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score (primary), depression and trauma symptoms, and other substance use (secondary). We enrolled 160 participants; 78 were randomized to BI alone and 82 to BI plus CETA. Due to COVID-19, the trial ended early before 36 participants completed. Statistically and clinically significant reductions in mean AUDIT score from baseline to 6-month follow-up were observed in both groups, however, participants assigned to BI plus CETA had significantly greater reductions compared to BI alone (− 3.2, 95% CI − 6.2 to − 0.1; Cohen’s d : 0.48). The CETA effect size for AUDIT score increased in line with increasing mental health/substance use comorbidity (0 comorbidities d = 0.25; 1–2 comorbidities d = 0.36; 3+ comorbidities d = 1.6). Significant CETA treatment effects were observed for depression, trauma, and several other substances. BI plus referral to CETA was feasible and superior to BI alone for unhealthy alcohol use among adults with HIV, particularly among those with comorbidities. Findings support future effectiveness testing of CETA for HIV outcomes among PLWH with unhealthy alcohol use. Clinical Trials Number: NCT03966885
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Single-session brief interventions resulted in reduced alcohol use at 6 months.
“Concerning alcohol use, single session BI resulted in reduced use at month 1 [50,54]; 6 weeks [72], 3 months [50,61–64], and 6 months [50,52,60,72].”
From A scoping review of substance use brief interventions in Africa (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
The Results (page unavailable) indicate that AUDIT scores fell by six months in the BI-alone group, but fell significantly more in the BI-plus-CETA group. Because the trial compared those two groups rather than BI alone with no intervention, it does not establish that the single-session BI itself caused the reduction. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTwelve included psychosocial treatment trials with 2106 participants reported on harmful alcohol use; all reported harmful alcohol use on a continuous scale.
“Twelve included psychosocial treatment trials with 2106 participants reported on harmful alcohol use. All of these trials reported harmful alcohol use on a continuous scale (Bolton 2014; Jordans 2019; Kane 2022; Madhombiro 2019; Madhombiro 2020; Moraes 2010; Murray 2020; Nadkarni 2017; Nadkarni 2019; Omeje 2018; Schaub 2021; Witte 2011).”
From Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low- and middle-income countries (2023) · cites this paper as Kane 2022
Kane et al. additionally included some coping skills training in their BI.
“Kane et al. [60] additionally included some coping skills training in their BI.”
From A scoping review of substance use brief interventions in Africa (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
The Methods > Interventions section (page unavailable) says the BI was adapted from CETA’s Substance Use Reduction element, but does not describe coping-skills training as part of the BI; it directs readers to a separate protocol for the BI components. A search for coping skills in our copy found Cognitive Coping listed as a CETA element, not as a stated component of the BI. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kane, J. C., Sharma, A., Murray, L. K., Chander, G., Kanguya, T., Skavenski, S., Chitambi, C., Lasater, M. E., Paul, R., Cropsey, K., Inoue, S., Bosomprah, S., Danielson, C. K., Chipungu, J., Simenda, F., & Vinikoor, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (ZM)
- University Teaching Hospital (ZM)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Ministry of Health (ZM)
- Corresponding author
- Kane, Jeremy C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- AIDS and Behavior
- Published
- 2021-07-30
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 523-536
- ISSN
- 1090-7165 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3254
- PMC
- PMC8322829
- OpenAlex
- W3184840811
- Semantic Scholar
- 5306662734246bda704b2a3668e41a1ff3054aaa
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 6.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- AIDS and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R34AA027200, K01AA026523, K24AA027483)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- Common Elements Treatment Approach, unhealthy alcohol use, HIV, brief alcohol intervention, transdiagnostic treatment, psychiatric comorbidity, substance use comorbidity, depression, trauma symptoms, auditing, Zambia
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Alcoholism, Humans, Pilot Projects, Zambia, HIV Infections
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