Yoga ameliorates performance anxiety and mood disturbance in young professional musicians.
Abstract
Yoga and meditation can alleviate stress, anxiety, mood disturbance, and musculoskeletal problems, and can enhance cognitive and physical performance. Professional musicians experience high levels of stress, performance anxiety, and debilitating performance-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). The goal of this controlled study was to evaluate the benefits of yoga and meditation for musicians. Young adult professional musicians who volunteered to participate in a 2-month program of yoga and meditation were randomized to a yoga lifestyle intervention group (n = 15) or to a group practicing yoga and meditation only (n = 15). Additional musicians were recruited to a no-practice control group (n = 15). Both yoga groups attended three Kripalu Yoga or meditation classes each week. The yoga lifestyle group also experienced weekly group practice and discussion sessions as part of their more immersive treatment. All participants completed baseline and end-program self-report questionnaires that evaluated music performance anxiety, mood, PRMDs, perceived stress, and sleep quality; many participants later completed a 1-year followup assessment using the same questionnaires. Both yoga groups showed a trend towards less music performance anxiety and significantly less general anxiety/tension, depression, and anger at end-program relative to controls, but showed no changes in PRMDs, stress, or sleep. Similar results in the two yoga groups, despite psychosocial differences in their interventions, suggest that the yoga and meditation techniques themselves may have mediated the improvements. Our results suggest that yoga and meditation techniques can reduce performance anxiety and mood disturbance in young professional musicians.
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From Piloting a New Model for Treating Music Performance Anxiety: Training a Singing Teacher to Use Acceptance and Commitment Coaching With a Student (2020) · cites this paper as Khalsa et al., 2009
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“This might be why our findings were not consistent with the findings of previous researchers who found that yoga reduced anxiety and depression (Khalsa et al., 2009; Lin et al., 2011), and that self-reported microdosing decreased depressive symptoms (Polito & Stevenson, 2019).”
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- Authors
- Khalsa, S. B. S., Shorter, S. M., Cope, S., Wyshak, G., & Sklar, E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Khalsa, Sat Bir S.
- ORCID
- Khalsa, Sat Bir S.
- Venue
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
- Published
- 2009-08-06
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 279-289
- ISSN
- 0363-3586 (ISSN-L)
- 1090-0586
- 1573-3270
- OpenAlex
- W2014138084
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 11.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Musicians’ Health and Performance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- yoga, meditation, performance anxiety, mood disturbance, professional musicians, performance-related musculoskeletal disorders, perceived stress, sleep quality, lifestyle intervention, depression, anger
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Stress, Psychological, Yoga, Treatment Outcome, Meditation
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