Top executive leaders’ compassionate actions: An integrative framework of compassion incorporating a confucian perspective
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Compassion affects performance outcomes at individual, relational and organizational level.
“Compassion affects performance outcomes at individual, relational and organizational level”
From Whither compassionate leadership? A systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as Wei et al. (2016)
Integrating compassion and self-cultivation enriches an understanding of the moral growth of compassion.
“Integrating compassion and self-cultivation enriches an understanding of the moral growth of compassion”
From Whither compassionate leadership? A systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as Wei et al. (2016)
Self-cultivation and compassion have an ultimate interaction effect on organizational outcomes.
“Self-cultivation and compassion have an ultimate interaction effect on organizational outcomes”
From Whither compassionate leadership? A systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as Wei et al. (2016)
Cites
(1998) · Sage eBooks · Cited by 38,631 · see citing works
The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017) · Aldine (Routledge reprint) · doi:10.4324/9780203793206 · Cited by 25,789 · see citing works
Seeking Qualitative Rigor in Inductive Research: Notes on the Gioia Methodology
Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428112452151 · Cited by 13,227 · see citing works
(1993) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/0002-8223(93)92196-5 · Cited by 12,205 · see citing works
Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008) · SAGE · doi:10.4135/9781452230153 · Cited by 12,136 · see citing works
(1996) · Cited by 11,584 · see citing works
Research in Organizational Behavior
Hammer, E. R., Cummings, L. L., & Staw, B. M. (1984) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258300 · Cited by 11,176 · see citing works
The Discovery of Grounded Theory
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203793206-1 · Cited by 8,342 · see citing works
(2008) · Cited by 7,674 · see citing works
Carpenter, M. A., Cardon, M. S., McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2011) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849807630.00018 · Cited by 5,213 · see citing works
Prosocial Organizational Behaviors
Brief, A. P., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1986) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1986.4283909 · Cited by 2,098 · see citing works
Employee theft as a reaction to underpayment inequity: The hidden cost of pay cuts.
Greenberg, J. (1990) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.5.561 · Cited by 1,648 · see citing works
Institutional Work: Refocusing Institutional Studies of Organization
Lawrence, T., Suddaby, R., & Leca, B. (2011) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1056492610387222 · Cited by 1,355 · see citing works
Why Does Affect Matter in Organizations?
Barsade, S. G., & Gibson, D. E. (2007) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/amp.2007.24286163 · Cited by 1,247 · see citing works
On the Intricacies of the Chinese Guanxi: A Process Model of Guanxi Development
Chen, X.-P., & Chen, C. C. (2004) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1023/b:apjm.0000036465.19102.d5 · Cited by 1,130 · see citing works
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
N/A (1990) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/104225879001500104 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
A Cultural Analysis of Paternalistic Leadership in Chinese Organizations
Farh, J.-L., & Cheng, B.-S. (2000) · Management and Organizations in the Chinese Context · doi:10.1057/9780230511590_5 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
VENTURING FOR OTHERS WITH HEART AND HEAD: HOW COMPASSION ENCOURAGES SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Miller, T. L., Grimes, M. G., McMullen, J. S., & Vogus, T. J. (2012) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0456 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
Cheng, B., Chou, L., Wu, T., Huang, M., & Farh, J. (2004) · Asian Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-839x.2004.00137.x · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Explaining Compassion Organizing
Dutton, J. E., Worline, M. C., Frost, P. J., & Lilius, J. (2006) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2189/asqu.51.1.59 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Compassion in Organizational Life
Kanov, J. M., Maitlis, S., Worline, M. C., Dutton, J. E., Frost, P. J., & Lilius, J. M. (2004) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764203260211 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Settoon, R. P., & Mossholder, K. W. (2002) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.255 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Giving Commitment: Employee Support Programs and The Prosocial Sensemaking Process
Grant, A. M., Dutton, J. E., & Rosso, B. D. (2008) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2008.34789652 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Filial Piety and Loyalty: Two Types of Social Identification in Confucianism
Hwang, K. (1999) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/1467-839x.00031 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
The contours and consequences of compassion at work
Lilius, J. M., Worline, M. C., Maitlis, S., Kanov, J., Dutton, J. E., & Frost, P. (2008) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.508 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative Transformation
THOMPSON, K. O., & Weiming, T. (1987) · Philosophy East and West · doi:10.2307/1398522 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Is Confucianism Good for Business Ethics in China?
Ip, P. K. (2009) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0120-2 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Chinese Conflict Preferences and Negotiating Behaviour: Cultural and Psychological Influences
Kirkbride, P. S., Tang, S. F. Y., & Westwood, R. I. (1991) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/017084069101200302 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
MORAL MATURATION AND MORAL CONATION: A CAPACITY APPROACH TO EXPLAINING MORAL THOUGHT AND ACTION.
Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., & May, D. R. (2011) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0128 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Developing Sustainable Leaders Through Coaching and Compassion
Boyatzis, R. E., Smith, M. L., & Blaize, N. (2006) · Academy of Management Learning & Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2006.20388381 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Negative Emotional Reactions to Project Failure and the Self‐Compassion to Learn from the Experience
Shepherd, D. A., & Cardon, M. S. (2009) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00821.x · Cited by 343 · see citing works
A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach: The DIT and Schema Theory
Rest, J. R., Narvaez, D. F., Bebeau, M. J., & Thoma, S. J. (1999) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1023/a:1022053215271 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Atkins, P. W. B., & Parker, S. K. (2011) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0490 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Selfhood and Identity in Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and Hinduism: Contrasts With the West
Ho, D. Y. F. (1995) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1995.tb00269.x · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Foundations of Chinese Psychology
Hwang, K.-K. (2012) · International and Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1439-1 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Care and Possibility: Enacting an Ethic of Care Through Narrative Practice
Lawrence, T. B., & Maitlis, S. (2012) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2010.0466 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
CARE AND COMPASSION THROUGH AN ORGANIZATIONAL LENS: OPENING UP NEW POSSIBILITIES.
Rynes, S. L., Bartunek, J. M., Dutton, J. E., & Margolis, J. D. (2012) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2012.0124 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Ahlström, D., & Bruton, G. D. (2002) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/104225870202600404 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Dutton, J. E., Frost, P. J., Worline, M. C., Lilius, J. M., & Kanov, J. M. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Frost, P. J. (1999) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/105649269982004 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Billions of Entrepreneurs: How China and India Are Reshaping Their Futures and Yours
Khanna, T. (2009) · Strategic Direction · doi:10.1108/sd.2009.05625jae.001 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Dewey, J. (1960) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 154 · see citing works
The Moral Psychology of Business: Care and Compassion in the Corporation
Solomon, R. C. (1998) · Business Ethics Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3857435 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The Confucian Concept of Jen and the Feminist Ethics of Care: A Comparative Study
Li, C. (1994) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.1994.tb00110.x · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Seeing Organizations Differently: Three Lenses on Compassion
Fröst, P., Dutton, J. E., Maitlis, S., Lilius, J. M., Kanov, J. M., & Worline, M. C. (2006) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781848608030.n31 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Billions of entrepreneurs: how China and India are reshaping their futures--and yours
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-2179 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
The power of emotional appeals in promoting organizational change programs
Fox, S., & Amichai‐Hamburger, Y. (2001) · Academy of Management Perspectives · doi:10.5465/ame.2001.5897664 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
An Introduction to Positive Organizational Scholarship
Caza, B. B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6729-4_27-1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Frost, P. (2010) · Open Collections · doi:10.14288/1.0108926 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The Evolution of the Confucian Concept Jen
Chan, W.-T. (1955) · Philosophy East and West · doi:10.2307/1396741 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
George, J. M. (2013) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206313490028 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Positive Leadership Strategies for Extraordinary Performance
Cameron, K. S. (2008) · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Hwang, K., & Chang, J. (2009) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000009339976 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Foundations of Chinese psychology : Confucian social relations
黄, 光. (2012) · Springer eBooks · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Confucian thought selfhood as creative transformation
Tu, W.-M. (1985) · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A Theory of Confucian Selfhood: Self-Cultivation and Free Will in Confucian Philosophy
Cheng, C. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511606960.008 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Zhu, Y. (2013) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1970-1 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationHwang, K. (2014) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/jtsb.12051 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Hwang, K. (2011) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-011-0110-1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Hwang, K. (2014) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/jtsb.12050 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“I Used to Care but Things Have Changed”
Simpson, A., Clegg, S., & Pitsis, T. (2014) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1056492614521895 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Research alive : exploring generative moments in doing qualitative research
Carlsen, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2011) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Confucianism and Spiritual Traditions in Modern China and Beyond
(2012) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004215696 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Commentary on ‘Why Compassion Counts!’
Dutton, J. E., & Workman, K. M. (2011) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1056492611421077 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Confucian Ethics Exhibited in the Discourse of Chinese Business and Marketing Communication
Zhu, Y. (2009) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0299-2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Creative Tension between Jen and Li
Weiming, T. (1968) · Philosophy East and West · doi:10.2307/1398034 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kuo-Hwang, K. (2013) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e627722013-007 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Billions Entrepreneurs, How china and India are reshaping their future and yours
Khanna, T. (2011) · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Understanding Guanxi (Connections) From Business Leaders' Perspectives
Zhu, Y., & Zhang, A. M. (2007) · Business Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10805699070700030506 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationConfucian Spirituality in Contemporary China
Weiming, T. (2012) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004215696_004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Confucian nurturing doctrine ofxin(heart‐mind)
Wei, H., & Li, S. (2011) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/02621711111150254 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationPractical Confucian Wisdom and Entrepreneurship Development and Training
Zhu, Y. (2011) · Philosophy of Management · doi:10.5840/pom201110113 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation(2015) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/jtsb.12084 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 75 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Authoritarian leadership styles and performance: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Pizzolitto, E., Verna, I., & Venditti, M. (2023) · Management Review Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11301-022-00263-y · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Whither compassionate leadership? A systematic review
Ramachandran, S., Balasubramanian, S., James, W. F., & Al Masaeid, T. (2024) · Management Review Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11301-023-00340-w · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Zhao, M., Smithson, J., Ford, T. J., Wang, P., Wong, N. Y. B., & Karl, A. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01734-1 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The emerging research on indigenous management in Asia
Li, P. P., Sekiguchi, T., & Zhou, K. Z. (2016) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-016-9484-x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Is “Yin-Yang balancing” superior to ambidexterity as an approach to paradox management?
Li, X. (2018) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-018-9569-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
An overview of social responsibility dimensions in international business
Sinkovics, N., Sinkovics, R. R., & Archie-Acheampong, J. (2019) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781788114127.00009 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Leadership development in the cross-cultural context of China: Who really cares?
Petersen, D. A., & Goodall, K. (2025) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2025.102400 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gotsis, G. N., & Grimani, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32257-0_16-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Price, S. T., Fogarty, M., Sheppard, D., Campbell, G., Cartwright, S., Ito, K., MacDonald, R., Skotnitsky, S. G., Weigand, H., & Smith, K. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80262-157-020221007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Department of Management, W. S. U., TAMIRAT, S., LEMI, K., & Department of Management, C. O. B. &. E. (2023) · Conflict Studies Quarterly · doi:10.24193/csq.43.4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors: Employee Insights
Andrade, M. S., & Chen, W.-T. (2025) · American Journal of Management · doi:10.33423/ajm.v25i2.7589 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wei, H., Li, S., & Zhu, Y. (2022) · Research on emotion in organizations · doi:10.1108/s1746-979120210000017017 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationConceptions of Other and Self-Directed Compassion In Relation To Anxiety
Webb, O. (2024) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.26788207 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The effectiveness of compassionate leadership across cultures: a moderated mediation model
Horak, S., Park, J. G., Worm, V. D., & Jakobsen, M. (2026) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-10-2024-0953
Wu, X., Gorman, C. A., & Russo, M. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5448137
Gotsis, G. N., & Grimani, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76750-0_16
Why Compassion and Equality are Critical for Organizations—A Hopeful Discourse in Disruptive Times
Sharma, T., & Talapatra, J. (2026) · Responsible leadership and sustainable management · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-5929-9_1
New Motherhood Versus Career: Identity Conflicts During Re-entry Transitions in IT Sector in India
Gupta, R., Sharma, T., & Bisht, N. S. (2026) · Responsible leadership and sustainable management · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-5929-9_6
Pansini, M., Buonomo, I., Orsini, F., & Benevene, P. (2026) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2026.10037 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ling, H., Chen, J. H., Yang, H. M., Zhang, G., Lau, J. T. F., & Wu, A. M. S. (2026) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/hbe2/5521726
- Authors
- Wei, H., Zhu, Y., & Li, S.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Miami University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wei, Hongguo
- Venue
- Asia Pacific Journal of Management
- Published
- 2016-03-28
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 767-787
- ISSN
- 0217-4561 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9958
- OpenAlex
- W2318241074
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Asia Pacific Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- compassion, self-cultivation, Confucianism, Chinese enterprises, moral development, organizational performance, integrative framework, indigenous theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review