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Agreement of self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal in men and women: a meta-analysis.
Open accessAbstract
The assessment of sexual arousal in men and women informs theoretical studies of human sexuality and provides a method to assess and evaluate the treatment of sexual dysfunctions and paraphilias. Understanding measures of arousal is, therefore, paramount to further theoretical and practical advances in the study of human sexuality. In this meta-analysis, we review research to quantify the extent of agreement between self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal, to determine if there is a gender difference in this agreement, and to identify theoretical and methodological moderators of subjective-genital agreement. We identified 132 peer- or academically-reviewed laboratory studies published between 1969 and 2007 reporting a correlation between self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal, with total sample sizes of 2,505 women and 1,918 men. There was a statistically significant gender difference in the agreement between self-reported and genital measures, with men (r = .66) showing a greater degree of agreement than women (r = .26). Two methodological moderators of the gender difference in subjective-genital agreement were identified: stimulus variability and timing of the assessment of self-reported sexual arousal. The results have implications for assessment of sexual arousal, the nature of gender differences in sexual arousal, and models of sexual response.
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“Compared with men, women experience a higher level of discordance between their physiological arousal and their subjective experience of arousal when presented with sexual stimuli (6).”
From Effects of Mindfulness Training on Body Awareness to Sexual Stimuli: Implications for Female Sexual Dysfunction (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
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Genital Responsiveness in Healthy Women With and Without Sexual Arousal Disorder
Laan, E. T. M., Driel, E. M. V., & van Lunsen, R. H. W. (2008) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00827.x · Cited by 112 · cited 4×
“Sample Characteristics”
Influentialvan Lunsen, R. H. W., & Laan, E. T. M. (2004) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000143704.48324.46 · Cited by 112
Performance demand and sexual arousal in women
Laan, E. T. M., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., Aanhold, M.-T. V., & Rebel, M. (1993) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90039-w · Cited by 107 · cited 4×
“The photoplethysmograph—a small, acrylic probe the size of a menstrual tampon—records haemodynamic changes in the vaginal epithelium using light reflectance.”
InfluentialWarrior Lovers : Erotic Fiction, Evolution and Female Sexuality
Salmon, C. A., & Symons, D. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 105
Mosher, D. L., & MacIan, P. (1994) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499409551736 · Cited by 105
Park, K., Kang, H. K., Seo, J. J., Kim, H. J., Ryu, S. B., & Jeong, G. (2001) · Urology · doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(01)00992-x · Cited by 104
The Enhancement of Vaginal Vasocongestion by Sildenafil in Healthy Premenopausal Women
Laan, E. T. M., van Lunsen, R. H. W., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., Riley, A. J., Scott, E. A., & Boolell, M. (2002) · Journal of Women s Health & Gender-Based Medicine · doi:10.1089/152460902317585994 · Cited by 104
Sexual and emotional variables influencing sexual response to erotica
Koukounas, E., & McCabe, M. P. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00097-6 · Cited by 102
The psychophysiological nature of premature ejaculation
Strassberg, D. S., Kelly, M. P., Carroll, C., & Kircher, J. C. (1987) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542142 · Cited by 99
Cognitive Distraction in Female Sexual Arousal
Adams, A. E., Haynes, S. N., & Brayer, M. A. (1985) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1985.tb01669.x · Cited by 98
Sexual behavior and responsiveness to sexual stimuli following laboratory‐induced sexual arousal
Both, S., Spiering, M., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., & Laan, E. T. M. (2004) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490409552232 · Cited by 97 · cited 4×
“…can be calculated two ways— within-subjects correlations representing the number of measurements of concordance taken for each participant or betweensubjects correlations representing the number of subjects in the study—we examined number of data points separately for each type of correlation.”
InfluentialA brief review and discussion of sex differences in the specificity of sexual arousal
(2010) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2010.518727 · Cited by 97
Arnow, B., Millheiser, L., Garrett, A., Polan, M., Glover, G., Hill, K., Lightbody, A., Watson, C., Banner, L., Smart, T., et al. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.044 · Cited by 96
How do men and women feel? Determinants of subjective experience of sexual arousal
Laan, E. T. M., & Janssen, E. (2007) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 96
The habituation of sexual arousal
O’Donohue, W., & Geer, J. H. (1985) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542106 · Cited by 94
Modulation of spinal reflexes by aversive and sexually appetitive stimuli
Both, S., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., & Laan, E. T. M. (2003) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00019 · Cited by 93
Fairclough, S. H., & Goodwin, L. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.10.017 · Cited by 93
Wincze, J. P., Hoon, P. W., & Hoon, E. F. (1977) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541704 · Cited by 92
Bancroft, J. (1971) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(71)90069-6 · Cited by 90
Meston, C. M. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.009 · Cited by 90 · cited 4×
“both groups reported higher correlations for sexually functional women (Brauer, Laan, & ter Kuile, 2006; Brauer, ter Kuile, Janssen, & Laan, 2007; Meston, 2006; Palace & Gorzalka, 1992; Payne et al., 2007; Wouda et al., 1998); three studies reported a negative correlation between subjective and genital arousal for sex…”
InfluentialHabituation of female sexual arousal to slides and film
Laan, E. T. M., & Everaerd, W. T. A. M. (1995) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541832 · Cited by 90 · cited 3×
“Still photographs of nude or partially clothed women or men do not generate either self-reported or genital sexual arousal in heterosexual women (Laan & Everaerd, 1995a, 1995b), but are sufficient to generate substantial subjective and genital responses in heterosexual men (Tollison, Adams, &…”
Sexual Arousal in Women with Superficial Dyspareunia
Brauer, M., Laan, E. T. M., & ter Kuile, M. M. (2006) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9001-7 · Cited by 89
Wincze, J. P., Venditti, E. M., Barlow, D. H., & MAVISSAKALIAN, M. R. (1980) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542157 · Cited by 88 · cited 2×
“Other studies using contiguous assessment of sexual arousal have shown that men have lower penile responses when they are asked to monitor their subjective sexual arousal while simultaneously watching sexual stimuli, possibly because of distraction (Geer & Fuhr, 1976; Wincze et al., 1980).”
Vaginal photoplethysmography: Methodological considerations
Hatch, J. P. (1979) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541879 · Cited by 85 · cited 4×
“…can be calculated two ways— within-subjects correlations representing the number of measurements of concordance taken for each participant or betweensubjects correlations representing the number of subjects in the study—we examined number of data points separately for each type of correlation.”
InfluentialMcConaghy, N. (1969) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.115.523.723 · Cited by 85
Inhibition of Subjective and Physiological Sexual Arousal in Women by Clonidine
Meston, C. M., Gorzalka, B. B., & Wright, J. M. (1997) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199707000-00010 · Cited by 84
Vaginal plethysmography in women with dyspareunia
Wouda, J. C., Hartman, P., Bakker, R. M., Bakker, J. O., van de Wiel, H. B. M., & Schultz, W. C. M. W. (1998) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499809551927 · Cited by 84
Brody, S., Laan, E. T. M., & van Lunsen, R. H. W. (2003) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/713847101 · Cited by 84
Sexual arousal across phases of the human menstrual cycle
Meuwissen, I., & Over, R. (1992) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542588 · Cited by 83 · cited 1×
“NoconsistentevidenceformenstrualcycleeffectsonVPA has been observed (Hoon, Bruce, & Kinchloe, 1982; Meuwissen & Over, 1992; Schreiner-Engel et al., 1981).”
Habituation and dishabituation of female sexual arousal
Meuwissen, I., & Over, R. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90004-3 · Cited by 83
Conscious Processing of Sexual Information: Mechanisms of Appraisal
Spiering, M., Everaerd, W., & Laan, E. (2004) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/b:aseb.0000028890.08687.94 · Cited by 83
Beck, J. G., Barlow, D. H., & Sakheim, D. K. (1983) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(83)90120-1 · Cited by 82
Saunders, D. M., Fisher, W. A., Hewitt, E. C., & Clayton, J. P. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.6.1703 · Cited by 81
Beck, J. G., Barlow, D. H., Sakheim, D. K., & Abrahamson, D. J. (1987) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00273.x · Cited by 79
Meston, C. M., & Worcel, M. (2002) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1016220225392 · Cited by 78
Morokoff, P. J. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.1.177 · Cited by 78 · cited 3×
“Sample Characteristics”
Attentional Effects on Sexual Arousal
Dekker, J., & Everaerd, W. T. A. M. (1988) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00957.x · Cited by 77
Male sexual arousal across five modes of erotic stimulation
Julien, E., & Over, R. (1988) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542663 · Cited by 74
Salemink, E., & van Lankveld, J. J. D. M. (2006) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9014-2 · Cited by 74
Determinants of Male Sexual Arousal
Janssen, E., & Everaerd, W. T. A. M. (1993) · Annual Review of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/10532528.1993.10559888 · Cited by 72 · cited 1×
“Some men report feeling sexual arousal without concomitant genital changes (Rieger, Chivers, & Bailey, 2005) and experimental manipulations can increase penile erection without affecting subjective reports of sexual arousal (Bach, Brown, & Barlow, 1999; Janssen & Everaerd, 1993).”
ter Kuile, M. M., Vigeveno, D., & Laan, E. T. M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.03.006 · Cited by 71
Assessment of erectogenic properties of apomorphine and yohimbine in man.
Danjou, P., Alexandre, L., Warot, D., Lacomblez, L., & Puech, A. J. (1988) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05312.x · Cited by 71
A comparison of male heterosexual and male homosexual patterns of sexual arousal
Sakheim, D. K., Barlow, D. H., Beck, J. G., & Abrahamson, D. J. (1985) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224498509551257 · Cited by 71 · cited 4×
“…adults, fetishists from nonfetishists, rapists from nonrapists, and sadistic men from nonsadistic men (e.g., Blanchard, Klassen, Dickey, Kuban & Blak, 2001; Freund, 1963; Freund, Seto, & Kuban, 1996; Lalumière, Quinsey, Harris, Rice, & Trautrimas, 2003; Sakheim et al., 1985; Seto & Kuban, 1996).”
InfluentialThe effects of anxiety and attentional focus on sexual responding—I
Beck, J. G., & Barlow, D. H. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90144-0 · Cited by 71
Responses to Complex Erotic Stimuli in Homosexual and Heterosexual Males
MAVISSAKALIAN, M. R., Blanchard, E. B., Abel, G. G., & Barlow, D. H. (1975) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.126.3.252 · Cited by 71
Effects of distraction on sexual responding in functional and dysfunctional men
Abrahamson, D. J., Barlow, D. H., Sakheim, D. K., Beck, J. G., & Athanasiou, R. (1985) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(85)80028-9 · Cited by 69 · cited 1×
“Some men report feeling sexual arousal without concomitant genital changes (Rieger, Chivers, & Bailey, 2005) and experimental manipulations can increase penile erection without affecting subjective reports of sexual arousal (Bach, Brown, & Barlow, 1999; Janssen & Everaerd, 1993).”
Are Rapists Differentially Aroused by Coercive Sex in Phallometric Assessments?
Lalumière, M. L., Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & TRAUTRIMAS, C. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07307.x · Cited by 68
Menstrual cycle phase and sexual arousability in women
Slob, A. K., Ernste, M., & ten Bosch, J. J. V. D. W. (1991) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01550955 · Cited by 68 · cited 3×
“…and sexual arousal; plethy* and (subjective or self-report*); plethy* and sexual arousal; photoplethy*; penile and (subjective or self-report); penile and sexual arousal; phallom* and (subjective or self-report); phallo* and sexual arousal; subjective and (physiolog* or psychophysiolog*); and…”
Rowland, D. L., van Diest, S. L., Incrocci, L., & Slob, A. K. (2005) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.20352.x · Cited by 66
Effects of fragrance on female sexual arousal and mood across the menstrual cycle
Graham, C. A., Janssen, E., & Sanders, S. A. (2000) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3710076 · Cited by 66
Peterson, Z. D., Janssen, E., & Laan, E. T. M. (2009) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9546-y · Cited by 66
George, W. H., Davis, K. C., Norris, J., Heiman, J. R., Schacht, R. L., Stoner, S. A., & Kajumulo, K. F. (2006) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.14.4.461 · Cited by 65
Brody, S. (2006) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926230600998458 · Cited by 65
The neurophysiology of female sexual function
McKenna, K. E. (2002) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-002-0270-7 · Cited by 65 · cited 1×
“These results suggest that personswithhigher interoceptiveawarenessaremoresensitive to cues of sympathetic nervous system arousal, a key autonomic component of sexual arousal (McKenna, 2002).”
Geer, J. H., & Janssen, E. (2000) · Cited by 65
Criterion-related validity of a phallometric test for paraphilic rape and sadism
Seto, M. C., & Kuban, M. E. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00056-9 · Cited by 64 · cited 2×
“…adults, fetishists from nonfetishists, rapists from nonrapists, and sadistic men from nonsadistic men (e.g., Blanchard, Klassen, Dickey, Kuban & Blak, 2001; Freund, 1963; Freund, Seto, & Kuban, 1996; Lalumière, Quinsey, Harris, Rice, & Trautrimas, 2003; Sakheim et al., 1985; Seto & Kuban, 1996).”
Body image and sexuality in oophorectomized women
Bellerose, S. B., & Binik, Y. M. (1993) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542558 · Cited by 63
Sexual arousal to erotic and aggressive stimuli in sexually coercive and noncoercive men.
Lohr, B. A., Adams, H. E., & Davis, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.230 · Cited by 62
Distinguishing between organogenic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction
Sakheim, D. K., Barlow, D. H., Abrahamson, D. J., & Beck, J. G. (1987) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(87)90015-5 · Cited by 62
The Relationship Between Sexual Arousal Experience and Genital Response
Korff, J., & Geer, J. H. (1983) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03276.x · Cited by 62
Determinants of sexual arousal and the accuracy of its self‐estimation in sexually functional males
Nobre, P. J., Wiegel, M., Bach, A. K., Weisberg, R. B., Brown, T. A., Wincze, J. P., & Barlow, D. H. (2004) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224490409552243 · Cited by 61
Assessing deviant sexual arousal: Physiological and cognitive aspects
Wormith, J. S. (1986) · Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0146-6402(86)90001-9 · Cited by 61
Psychophysiological Sexual Arousal in Women with a History of Child Sexual Abuse
Rellini, A. H., & Meston, C. M. (2005) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926230500229145 · Cited by 61 · cited 1×
“Some authors reportchange inVPAasapercent increaseoverbaseline (Both et al., 2004; Heiman, 1977), sometimes called the‘‘maximum change technique’’ (Rellini & Meston, 2006).”
Temperature change of the labia minora as an objective measure of female eroticism
Henson, D. E., Rubin, H. B., Henson, C., & WILLIAMS, J. R. (1977) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(77)90011-8 · Cited by 59
Bach, A. K., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1999) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(99)80047-1 · Cited by 58
Bernat, J. A., Calhoun, K. S., & Adams, H. E. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.108.4.662 · Cited by 58
Women's sexual arousal concurrently assessed by three genital measures
Henson, C., Rubin, H. B., & Henson, D. E. (1979) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541413 · Cited by 57
A comparison of two objective measures of sexual arousal of women
Henson, D. E., & Rubin, H. B. (1978) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90060-8 · Cited by 57
Psychophysiological Assessment in Premenopausal Sexual Arousal Disorder
Brotto, L. A., Basson, R. J., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2004) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.04039.x · Cited by 57
Lange, J. D., Wincze, J. P., Zwick, W. R., Feldman, S., & Hughes, K. (1981) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541436 · Cited by 55
Tollison, C. D., Adams, H. E., & Tollison, J. W. (1979) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf01321372 · Cited by 55 · cited 2×
“…of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada E. Laan Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands T. Grimbos Department of Human Development and Applied…”
The mediating role of cognitive processes in self-reported sexual arousal
Przybyla, D. P. J., & Byrne, D. (1984) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(84)90038-2 · Cited by 52
Weisberg, R. B., Brown, T. A., Wincze, J. P., & Barlow, D. H. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.110.2.324 · Cited by 52
Palace, E. M., & Gorzalka, B. B. (1992) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542590 · Cited by 51
Bernat, J. A., Calhoun, K. S., & Adams, H. E. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.108.4.662 · Cited by 51
Brotto, L. A., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2002) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926230252851186 · Cited by 50 · cited 2×
“VPA assessed during baseline response can distinguish premenopausal women from postmenopausal women (Brotto & Gorzalka, 2002; Laan, van Driel, & van Lunsen, 2008; Laan, van Lunsen, & Everaerd, 2001), and VPA assessed during sexual response can differentiate heterosexual from homosexual women when…”
Psychophysiological and endocrine responses to sexual arousal in women
Heiman, J. R., Rowland, D. L., Hatch, J. P., & Gladue, B. A. (1991) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541942 · Cited by 50 · cited 1×
“Increases in penile circumference or volume are interpreted as evidence of greater genital sexual arousal.”
Heard-Davison, A., Heiman, J. R., & Kuffel, S. W. (2007) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00406.x · Cited by 50
A study of fantasy-based sexual arousal in women
Stock, W. E., & Geer, J. H. (1982) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541364 · Cited by 49 · cited 2×
“Modality effects have been observed, such that women show greater subjective and genital responses to audiovisual depictions of sexual activity compared with audiotaped descriptions of sexual interactions or sexual fantasy (Heiman, 1980; Stock & Geer, 1982).”
Adaptive Design, Female Mate Preferences, and Shifts across the Menstrual Cycle
Gangestad, S. W., & Cousins, A. J. (2001) · Annual Review of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/10532528.2001.10559797 · Cited by 48 · cited 1×
“Because menstrualcycle effects have been demonstrated for other processes related to sexual interest (e.g., Gangestad & Cousins, 2001; Gangestad, Garver-Apgar, Simpson, & Cousins, 2007), and women report their greatest interest in sex at mid-cycle (van Goozen, Wiegant, Endert, & Helmond, 1997), it…”
Psychophysiological aspects of male sexual inadequacy: Results of an experimental study
Kockott, G., Feil, W., Ferstl, R., Aldenhoff, J., & Besinger, U. A. (1980) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542153 · Cited by 47
Topical Alprostadil in the Treatment of Female Sexual Arousal Disorder: A Pilot Study
Islam, A. K., Mitchel, J. T., Rosen, R. C., Phillips, N. A., Ayers, C. A., Ferguson, D., & Yeager, J. L. (2001) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/713846804 · Cited by 47
Mood and sexual arousal in women
Laan, E. T. M., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., van Berlo, R., & Rijs, L. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00059-s · Cited by 46
Sexuality and psychophysiological functioning in women with diabetes mellitus
Slob, A. K., Koster, J., Radder, J. K., & ten Bosch, J. J. V. D. W. (1990) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/00926239008405252 · Cited by 46
Thermographic measurement of sexual arousal: A discriminant validity analysis
Abramson, P. R., Perry, L. B., Seeley, T. T., Seeley, D. M., & Rothblatt, A. B. (1981) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01542177 · Cited by 46
Cooper, A. J., Swaminath, S., Baxter, D., & Poulin, C. (1990) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379003500411 · Cited by 45
van Lankveld, J. J. D. M., & van den Hout, M. (2004) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/b:aseb.0000044739.29113.73 · Cited by 45
Sexual arousal to erotic and aggressive stimuli in sexually coercive and noncoercive men.
Lohr, B. A., Adams, H. E., & Davis, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.2.230 · Cited by 43
Does the Menstrual Cycle Play a Role in Sexual Arousal?
Hoon, P. W., Bruce, K. E. M., & Kinchloe, B. (1982) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02593.x · Cited by 42
Modulation of spinal reflexes by sexual films of increasing intensity
Both, S., Boxtel, G. J. M. V., Stekelenburg, J. J., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., & Laan, E. T. M. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00364.x · Cited by 42
Biofeedback and the voluntary control of sexual arousal in women
Cerny, J. A. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80016-1 · Cited by 41 · cited 1×
“Similarly, Cerny (1978) found that, even when women received feedback about their level of vaginal engorgement, correlations were low and statistically nonsignificant.”
Reviving the Labial Thermistor Clip
Payne, K. A., & Binik, Y. M. (2006) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9017-z · Cited by 39 · cited 13×
“ChangesinVPAarespecificto sexual stimuli, while VBVappears to increase in response to both sexual and anxiety-inducing stimuli (Laan, Everaerd, & Evers, 1995; Suschinsky et al., 2009).”
InfluentialEffect of a Single Dose of Levodopa on Sexual Response in Men and Women
Both, S., Everaerd, W. T. A. M., Laan, E. T. M., & Gooren, L. J. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300580 · Cited by 38
Cohen, A. S., Rosen, R. C., & Goldstein, L. (1985) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.94.4.580 · Cited by 38
Alcohol, selective attention and sexual arousal in men.
Wilson, G. T., NIAURA, R. S., & Adler, J. L. (1985) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1985.46.107 · Cited by 37
Voluntary vaginal musculature contractions as an enhancer of sexual arousal
Mess�, M. R., & Geer, J. H. (1985) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf01541349 · Cited by 37
Osborn, C. A., & Pollack, R. H. (1977) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224497709550982 · Cited by 37
Cohen, A. S., Rosen, R. C., & Goldstein, L. (1985) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.94.4.580 · Cited by 36
Classical Conditioning of Female Sexual Arousal
Letourneau, E. J., & O’Donohue, W. (1997) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1024573420228 · Cited by 35
The effects of secondary stimulus characteristics on men's sexual arousal
Gaither, G. A., & Plaud, J. J. (1997) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499709551890 · Cited by 34 · cited 2×
“Moreover, knowing the extent of the agreement between self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal, and identifying moderators of this subjective-genital agreement, would inform our models of sexual response, our understanding of sexual dysfunctions, and psychometric methods to assess each…”
Female sexual arousal: a behavioral analysis
Polan, M. L., Desmond, J. E., Banner, L. L., Pryor, M. R., McCallum, S. W., Atlas, S. W., Glover, G. H., & Arnow, B. A. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)02210-6 · Cited by 34 · cited 2×
“…the extent of the agreement between self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal, and identifying moderators of this subjective-genital agreement, would inform our models of sexual response, our understanding of sexual dysfunctions, and psychometric methods to assess each aspect of…”
Allocation of Attentional Resources During Habituation and Dishabituation of Male Sexual Arousal
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Two methods of measuring penile response
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Simultaneous Measurement of Pelvic Floor Muscle Activity and Vaginal Blood Flow: A Pilot Study
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Labial and vaginal blood volume responses to visual and tactile stimuli
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Affective and Physiological Dimensions of Male sexual Response to Erotica and Fantasy
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van Anders, S. M. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0490-8 · Cited by 651
Sex differences in brain activation to emotional stimuli: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
Stevens, J. S., & Hamann, S. (2012) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.011 · Cited by 588
The human sexual response cycle: Brain imaging evidence linking sex to other pleasures
Georgiadis, J. R., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2012) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.004 · Cited by 422
Petersen, J. L., & Hyde, J. S. (2011) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.551851 · Cited by 345
Harshaw, C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038101 · Cited by 302
Metadata
- Authors
- Chivers, M. L., Seto, M. C., Lalumière, M. L., Laan, E., & Grimbos, T.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre (CA)
- University of Lethbridge (CA)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Chivers, Meredith L.
- Venue
- Archives of Sexual Behavior
- Published
- 2010-01-05
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-56
- ISSN
- 0004-0002 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2800
- PMC
- PMC2811244
- OpenAlex
- W2054026797
- Cited by
- 584
- References
- 225
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Archives of Sexual Behavior (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Keywords
- sexual arousal, gender differences, stimulus variability, sexual dysfunction assessment, paraphilias
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Self-Assessment, Sexual Behavior, Sex Characteristics
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