Power imbalance and the dark side of the captive agri-food supplier–buyer relationship
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This paper highlights the dark side of power imbalance regarding its consequences in agri-food supplier-buyer relationships. We report on findings from two studies. The first study is based on a sample of 105 key informants, while study 2 is based on a sample of 444 key informants, all from the cocoa agri-food supply market of Ghana. While the first study focuses on the antecedents of power imbalance and its consequences, the second study explores the role of cooperatives/collective action in minimizing supplier exploitation. Data from these studies were analysed using the partial least squares technique (SmartPLS). Analysis of these findings shows switching costs' impact on power imbalance to be curvilinear, while power imbalance has a curvilinear relationship with opportunism. The negative consequences of power imbalance are further exacerbated by dependency and the lack of joint action. Furthermore, we found the negative impact of power imbalance on financial performance to be stronger for non-cooperative members than for cooperative members, while, counterintuitively, we found the positive impact of economic satisfaction on financial performance to be stronger for non-cooperative members than for cooperative members.
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Numerous studies show that cocoa farmers' compensation is often suppressed in the face of buyer power among the dominant firms.
“For example, numerous studies show that cocoa farmers ' compensation is often suppressed in the face of buyer power among the dominant firms (e.g., Glavee-Geo et al. 2022; De Schutter 2010).”
From Corporate concentration and power matter for agency in food systems (2025) · cites this paper as Glavee-Geo et al. 2022
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Power in Third-Party Logistics
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Moral Categorization of Opportunists in Cross-Border Interfirm Relationships
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Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience Through Strategic Supplier Relationship Management
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Creating supply-chain effects from sustainable practices: scaling relationships in agrifood systems
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Framing sustainable exports in theory and practice
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- Authors
- Glavee-Geo, R., Engelseth, P., & Buvik, A.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- Molde University College (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Glavee-Geo, Richard
- Venue
- Journal of Business Ethics
- Published
- 2021-03-19
- Volume
- 178
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 609-628
- ISSN
- 0167-4544 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0697
- PMC
- PMC7976690
- OpenAlex
- W3138398520
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 7.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Business Ethics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Global trade, sustainability, and social impact
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Customer Service Quality and Loyalty
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Quality and Supply Management
- Keywords
- power imbalance, supplier-buyer relationships, agri-food supply chains, cocoa supply chain, cooperatives, collective action, switching costs, opportunism, dependency, joint action, financial performance, economic satisfaction, Ghana
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