Modular CBT for Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Evaluating Clinical Outcomes and its Predictors
Open accessAbstract
This study examined clinical outcomes of a modular individual CBT for children with anxiety disorders (AD), and predictors of outcomes, in usual clinical practice. Participants were 106 children with ADs (7–17 years), and parents. Assessments were pre-, mid-, post-test, and 10 weeks after CBT (follow-up). Predictors (measured pre-treatment) were child characteristics (gender, age, type of AD, comorbid disorders), fathers’ and mothers’ anxious/depressive symptoms, and parental involvement (based on parents’ presence during treatment sessions and the use of a parent module in treatment). At follow-up, 59% (intent-to-treat analyses) to 70% (completer analysis) of the children were free from their primary anxiety disorder. A significant decrease in anxiety symptoms was found. Higher parental involvement was related to lower child anxiety at follow-up, but only for children with comorbid disorders. Findings suggest that it is beneficial to treat anxiety with modular CBT. Future steps involve comparisons of modularized CBT with control conditions.
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The importance of treatment flexibility in clinical practice has previously been emphasized in studies on modular CBT.
“The importance of treatment flexibility in clinical practice has previously been emphasized in studies on modular CBT [44–46].”
From Developing a primary care-based cognitive behavioral intervention for anxiety in children through a participatory approach: a qualitative study. (2026) · cites this paper as [46]
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“The importance of treatment flexibility in clinical practice has previously been emphasized in studies on modular CBT [44–46].”
Ohashi, S., Urao, Y., Fujiwara, K., Koshiba, T., Ishikawa, S., & Shimizu, E. (2025) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-00956-8
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Self-citation
- Authors
- van Steensel, F. J. A., Telman, L. G. E., Maric, M., & Bögels, S. M.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Child Psychiatry & Human Development
- Published
- 2022-10-03
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 790-801
- ISSN
- 0009-398X (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3327
- PMC
- PMC11061043
- OpenAlex
- W4300817427
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Child Psychiatry & Human Development (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- ZonMw (729101010)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety disorders, predictors of treatment outcome, parental involvement, comorbidities, anxiety symptom reduction, children and adolescents
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parents, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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