Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Abstract
We conducted a meta-analysis using 20 randomised controlled studies of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. The mean pre-post effect size was d = 0.94, which was maintained at follow-up. The mean effect size when comparing the CBT and control group was d = 0.61. Within the CBT group, the mean effect size of university clinics (d = 0.77) was larger than that of other clinics (d = 0.37). The difference in effect sizes was hardly noticeable when comparing CBT with family or parents and CBT with child only (d = 0.03). Further studies are required to examine the effectiveness of family CBT versus child CBT.
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Between 50% and 80% of youth with anxiety disorders receiving CBT show clinical levels of improvement.
“Collectively, studies have found that between 50% to 80% of youth with anxiety disorders receiving CBT show clinical levels of improvement (Cartwright-Hatton, Roberts, Chitsabesan, Fothhergill, & Harrington, 2004;Hudson, 2005;Ishikawa, Okajima, Matsuoka, & Sakano, 2007;James et al., 2007;March, Spence, & Donovan, 2009).”
From The efficacy of a group-based, disorder-specific treatment program for childhood GAD - A randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as Ishikawa, Okajima, Matsuoka, & Sakano, 2007
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A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
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Self-citationPorter, C. M., Galloghly, E., & Burbach, F. (2022) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x22000216 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…for a number of psychological conditions in children and young people (Wergeland et al ., 2020), including anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depression (David-Ferdon and Kaslow, 2008; Ishikawa et al ., 2007; Kreuze et al ., 2018; Oud et al ., 2019; Reynolds et al ., 2012).”
Linetzky, M., Pettit, J., Silverman, W., Pine, D., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2020) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620902130 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ahlen, J., Lenhard, F., & Ghaderi, A. (2019) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2018.05.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Oldham‐Cooper, R., & Loades, M. E. (2017) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/jcap.12165 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Individual CBT for Anxiety and Related Symptoms in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Wood, J., Klebanoff, S., Renno, P., Fujii, C., & Danial, J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805122-1.00007-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Reigada, L. C., Satpute, A., Hoogendoorn, C. J., Cohen, B. H., Lai, J., Bao, R., Dubinsky, M. C., & Benkov, K. J. (2016) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000864 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Schwalbe, C., & Gearing, R. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01133.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Stadler, C., Freitag, C., Popma, A., Nauta-Jansen, L., Konrad, K., Unternaehrer, E., Ackermann, K., Bernhard, A., Martinelli, A., Oldenhof, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13896 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Manley, S., & Francis, S. E. B. (2021) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-021-09937-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jones, M. K., Dickter, B., Beard, C. L., Perales, R., & Bunge, E. (2016) · Contemporary Behavioral Health Care · doi:10.15761/cbhc.1000115 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A stress management intervention for adults living with HIV in Nigerian community settings
Nwobi, A. U., Eseadi, C., Obetta, K. C., Ekwealor, N. E., Ogbonnaya, K. A., Oboegbulem, A. I., Chinweuba, N. H., Mbagwu, F., Vita-Agundu, U. C., Okpoko, C. C., et al. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000012801 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Goletz, H., Yang, Y., Suhr-Dachs, L., Walter, D., & Döpfner, M. (2013) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000239 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Thingbak, A., Adrian Wells, A., & O’Toole, M. S. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102926 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Loo, T., Hunt, J., Grodberg, D., & Bravata, D. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/43600 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“The magnitude of improvement in depression and anxiety is similar to that seen in in-person studies [31,32].”
ResultThe Relationship between Parenting and Internalizing Problems in Childhood
Scaini, S., Palmieri, S., & Caputi, M. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.73540 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lundkvist-Houndoumadi, I., & Thastum, M. (2013) · Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy · doi:10.14713/pcsp.v9i2.1818 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Holmes, M. C., Donovan, C. L., & Farrell, L. J. (2015) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.29.4.275 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Giani, L., Caputi, M., Forresi, B., Michelini, G., & Scaini, S. (2021) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-021-00129-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ishikawa, S., Okajima, I., Matsuoka, H., & Sakano, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Miyazaki (JP)
- Health Sciences University of Hokkaido (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Ishikawa, Shin‐ichi
- Venue
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-01-19
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 164-172
- ISSN
- 1475-357X (ISSN-L)
- 1475-3588
- OpenAlex
- W2048425974
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety disorders, children, adolescents, treatment effectiveness, family therapy, university clinic, follow-up maintenance
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