Cited by 1,118Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingProblem Solving Skills Development

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The cognitive flexibility inventory: instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity.

Dennis, John P., Vander Wal, Jillon S.·2010·Cognitive Therapy and Research

DOI 10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4

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“Similarly, test-retest reliability evaluation for the total scale and the subscales has also proved to be adequate (r=.75–.81; p <.001; Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010).”
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Zhang, D., Wang, X., & Zhang, S. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13030265 · Cited by 8
“Team members can quickly adapt to this process by virtue of CF and try various new schemes and paths, which is conducive to stimulating improvisation [38].”
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Tertiary transfer effect (TTE) of contact with sexual minorities in a sample of Colombian heterosexual and gay participants
Navarro, M. C., Coneo, A. M. C., Molinares, N. Q., Mebarak, M., Aragón, C. J. D. L. R., & Barrientos, J. (2023) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.13006 · Cited by 8
What is PISA?
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A scoping review to identify process and outcome measures used in acceptance and commitment therapy research, with adults with acquired neurological conditions.
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The influence of e-learning digital literacy on cognitive flexibility and learning flow in nursing students
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Cognitive flexibility's role in shaping self-perception of aging, body appreciation, and self-efficacy among community-dwelling older women
El‐Sayed, M. M., Hawash, M. M., Khedr, M. A., Hafez, S. A., Salem, E. S. A. E. H. E. S., Essa, S. A. S., Sayyd, S. M., & El‐Ashry, A. M. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01874-4 · Cited by 7
“The CFI is a self-report scale consisting of 20 items to evaluate cognitive flexibility [24].”
Background
To be or not to be flexible: A hierarchical model of affective flexibility in typical development and internalizing problems
Mărcuș, O., Rusu, R., Mueller, S. C., & Visu‐Petra, L. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104275 · Cited by 8
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Ma, R., Zhang, Q., Zhang, C., & Xu, W. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01908-1 · Cited by 7
“Cognitive flexibility was measured using a Chinese version of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) which was originally developed by Dennis and Vander Wal [62] and revised by Wang et al. [25].”
Method
Severity of Pain Catastrophizing and Its Associations With Cognitive Flexibility and Self‐Efficacy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Bavali‐Gazik, A., Vagharseyyedin, S. A., Saremi, Z., & Shafiee, F. (2024) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1923 · Cited by 7
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Psychological richness can enhance innovative behavior of Chinese college students: the chain mediating role of cognitive flexibility and creative self-efficacy
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“Dennis and Vander Wal [28] emphasise two distinct aspects of cognitive flexibility that contribute to adaptive thinking as measured by the two subscales of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory.”
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“Scholars generally agree that cognitive flexibility is the ability to shift between separate methods of thinking (tasks or sets) in a dynamic environment [22].”
Background
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Reed, K. M. P., Cameron, A., & Ameral, V. (2017) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445517730830 · Cited by 7
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Mediating role of emotion regulation processes in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and intolerance to uncertainty
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“The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFlI) was used to assess the cognitive flexibility necessary for individuals to replace maladaptive thoughts with more productive and adaptive ways of thinking (Dennis & Wal, 2010).”
Method
Quality of Life and Its Relationship with Cognitive Flexibility among Higher Education Students
Alzubi, E. M. (2020) · Journal of Educational and Social Research · doi:10.36941/jesr-2020-0075 · Cited by 7
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“In Step-3, Alternatives and Control, which are the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory sub-dimensions, significantly predicted the Social Problem-solving Inventory total score.”
Influential
The effects of dispositional gratitude and cognitive flexibility on the interpersonal competence of college students
임정하, 윤원영, Cho, E. Y., & 오연경 (2016) · Studies on Korean Youth · doi:10.14816/sky.2016.27.2.93 · Cited by 7
Relationships Among Self-esteem, Psychological and Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Symptomatology
Al-Jabari, R. M. (2012) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc177172 · Cited by 7
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Akademik Başarılarına Göre Yaratıcı Düşünce ve Bilişsel Esneklik Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması
Tayhan, A., Çetinkaya, A., Özmen, D., Büyük, D. Ş., & Uyar, F. (2023) · Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.31125/hunhemsire.1273021 · Cited by 7
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“Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI): This 20-item self-report inventory was developed by Dennis and Vander Wal (32) to measure a specific form of cognitive flexibility required to replace inefficient thoughts with efficient ones.”
Method
Cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation in eating disorder patients with comorbid generalized anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms
Thompson, C. J., & Martin‐Wagar, C. A. (2024) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2024.2405290 · Cited by 8
“Levels of cognitive flexibility were measured using the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI; Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), as this measure has commonly been used to differentiate cognitive flexibility between clinical and non-clinical samples (Johnco et al., 2014).”
Misophonia symptom severity is linked to impaired flexibility and heightened rumination
Black, V. K., Allen, J. D., Aazh, H., Johnson, S. L., & Erfanian, M. (2025) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.70025 · Cited by 7
“They are also less susceptible to subjective bias and can assess automatic response processes, indicating high reliability at the latent-variable level (Dang et al., 2020; Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010; Friedman & Banich, 2019; Hohl & Dolcos, 2024; Howlett et al., 2021).”
Effects of virtual reality-based disaster simulation education on nursing students
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“This study used the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) developed by Dennis and Vander Wal (2010) [27] and adapted and validated by Hur (2011) [28].”
The Predictive Role Of Cognitive Flexibility And Cognitive Control On Aggression and Anger İn Sports
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Cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia: A confirmatory factor analysis of neuropsychological measures
Knížková, K., Siroňová, A., Večeřová, M., Keřková, B., Šustová, P., Jonáš, J., Hrubý, A., & Rodríguez, M. (2023) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2023.2230508 · Cited by 6
“A study from 2010 (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) argued that even among the self-report measures there was no consensus about the definition of CF.”
Family Atmosphere and Suicidal Ideation in College Students: The Chain Mediation Effect of Attachment and Cognitive Flexibility
Yang, Z., Pu, R., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Wu, Y. H. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231216420 · Cited by 8
Encourage Teacher Innovative Behavior : The Interaction Role of Cognitive Flexibility and Teacher Self-Efficacy
Dumbi, K. S., & Indrasari, S. Y. (2024) · Jurnal Kependidikan Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran · doi:10.33394/jk.v10i1.10897 · Cited by 6
“Second, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) was developed by Dennis and Vander Wal (2010) to assess people’s perceived capabilities to be flexible in their thinking styles.”
Method
A psychometric examination of the cognitive flexibility scale and its association with Orthorexia Nervosa
Zagaria, A., D’Amico, M., Cerolini, S., Mocini, E., & Lombardo, C. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02179-6 · Cited by 6
The Effects of Mindfulness on Shame: Exploring Mediation by Cognitive Flexibility and Self‐Compassion in a Chinese Adult Population
Zhang, X., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Wang, J., & Luo, F. (2024) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.817 · Cited by 8
In Medio Stat Virtus: Moderate Cognitive Flexibility as a Key to Affective Flexibility Responses in Long-Term HRV
Borghesi, F., Simoncini, G., Chirico, A., & Cipresso, P. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24248047 · Cited by 8
“Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) [20] To assess an individual’s cognitive flexibility, specifically their ability to consider alternative perspectives and manage challenges flexibly.”
Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics
Kacprzak, A., & Pawłowska, A. (2017) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2017.06.003 · Cited by 6
Examination of Cognitive Flexibility and Social Appearance Anxiety Levels of Physical Education and Primary School Teachers
Karayol, M., & Doğar, Y. (2020) · Asian Journal of Education and Training · doi:10.20448/journal.522.2020.62.176.180 · Cited by 6
“Data Collection Tools Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI): In order to determine the flexibility level, the 20-item scale, which was developed by Dennis and Wal (2010) was used in the research. The scale includes alternative thinking skills, coherent and balanced thinking statements in the face of difficult situatio…”
MethodInfluential
Predicting Vicarious Post Traumatic Growth Based on Cognitive Flexibility and Cognitive Reappraisal in Nurses providing Services to Kermanshah Earthquake Victims
Gharehasani, E. N., Yazdanbakhsh, K., & Moment, K. (2020) · Journal of Health and Care · doi:10.29252/jhc.22.1.17 · Cited by 6
The Role of Spiritual Intelligence, Sense of Coherence, and Cognitive Flexibility as Internal Resources in Predicting Perceived Stress in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Meymand, H. A. E., Askarizadeh, G., Bagheri, M., & Arabnejad, M. (2021) · Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences · doi:10.32598/hms.27.1.2986.2 · Cited by 6
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Akademik Başarısı ile Stres ve Bilişsel Esneklik İlişkisinin Belirlenmesi
Uysal, N., & Toprak, F. Ü. (2021) · Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.38108/ouhcd.918377 · Cited by 6
Cognitive Control and Flexibility as Predictor of Career Adaptability in Emerging Adults
DEMİRTAŞ, A. S., & Kara, A. (2022) · Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.24106/kefdergi.803515 · Cited by 6
The mediating role of alexithymia and cognitive flexibility in the relationship between behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system and depression in Turkish population
Bi̇lge, Y., & Tankut, Ü. (2022) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.552 · Cited by 6
The relation between science teachers’ classroom management skills and their cognitive flexibility
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Fear of COVID-19 and Subjective Well-Being: Sequential Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility and Psychological Resilience
Şahin, E. E., & DOBRUCALI, B. (2022) · Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry · doi:10.18863/pgy.1067626 · Cited by 9
Examining the relationship between cognitive factors and insight in panic disorder before and during treatment
Halaj, A., Strauss, A. Y., Zalaznik, D., Fradkin, I., Zlotnick, E., Andersson, G., Ebert, D. D., & Huppert, J. D. (2023) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2023.2179539 · Cited by 6
“The scale has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010).”
Background
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Measures and COVID-19 Infection on Cognitive Functions: A Review in Healthy and Neurological Populations
Manfredini, A., Pisano, F., Incoccia, C., & Marangolo, P. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20064889 · Cited by 6
“Self-reported measures are favored among clinicians and researchers because they are relatively easy to administer and they are time and cost-effective [98,99].”
Background
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“…Inventory evaluate the willingness to “think about things from another person’s point of view” or the ability to “putting oneself in others’ shoes” (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010, p. 252); and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale explores the ability to “. . . communicate an idea in many diﬀerent…”
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“26 However, the inability to regulate thinking may impede the process.”
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“The CFI has good psychometric properties (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010; Johnco et al., 2014).”
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Authors: Dennis, J. P., & Vander Wal, J. S.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Dennis, John P.
Venue: Cognitive Therapy and Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-11-11
Volume: 34
Issue: 3
Pages: 241-253
ISSN: 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
1573-2819
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4
OpenAlex: W2066234754
Cited by: 1,118
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 153 · 2025: 174 · 2024: 158 · 2023: 153 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 4.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Problem Solving Skills Development
Keywords: Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, cognitive flexibility, self-report measure development, instrument reliability, construct validity, perceived controllability, alternative explanations, alternative solutions, coping, cognitive therapy

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The cognitive flexibility inventory: instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity.

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