Cardioprotection and thyroid hormones
Abstract
The evolution of cardiac disease after an acute ischemic event depends on a complex and dynamic network of mechanisms alternating from ischemic damage due to acute coronary occlusion to reperfusion injury due to the adverse effects of coronary revascularization till post-ischemic remodeling. Cardioprotection is a new purpose of the therapeutic interventions in cardiology with the goal to reduce infarct size and thus prevent the progression toward heart failure after an acute ischemic event. In a complex biological system such as the human one, an effective cardioprotective strategy should diachronically target the network of cross-talking pathways underlying the disease progression. Thyroid system is strictly interconnected with heart homeostasis, and recent studies highlighted its role in cardioprotection, in particular through the preservation of mitochondrial function and morphology, the antifibrotic and proangiogenetic effect and also to the potential induction of cell regeneration and growth. The objective of this review was to highlight the cardioprotective role of triiodothyronine in the complexity of post-ischemic disease evolution.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cardioprotection is an emerging therapeutic target in acute myocardial infarction to limit irreversible ischemic damage and promote functional recovery of ischemic myocardium.
“Cardioprotection is an emerging target of therapeutic intervention in AMI to minimize irreversible ischemic damage and favor functional recovery of the ischemic-damaged myocardium (20).”
From Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
Cites
Third universal definition of myocardial infarction
the Writing Group on behalf of the Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction, Thygesen, K., Alpert, J. S., Jaffe, A. S., Simoons, M. L., CHAITMAN, B. R., & White, H. D. (2012) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2012.122 · Cited by 6,583 · see citing works
Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction
Thygesen, K., Alpert, J. S., Jaffe, A. S., Simoons, M. L., Chaitman, B. R., & White, H. D. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31826e1058 · Cited by 2,985 · see citing works
Authors Task Force Members, de Werf, F. V., Bax, J. J., Betriu, A., Blomström‐Lundqvist, C., Crea, F., Falk, V., Filippatos, G. S., Fox, K. A. A., Huber, K., et al. (2008) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn416 · Cited by 2,294 · see citing works
Negative Inotropic Effects of Cytokines on the Heart Mediated by Nitric Oxide
Finkel, M. S., Oddis, C. V., Jacob, T. D., Watkins, S. C., Hattler, B. G. J., & Simmons, R. L. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1631560 · Cited by 1,626 · see citing works
Reactive Oxygen Species (Ros-Induced) Ros Release
Zorov, D. B., Filburn, C. R., Klotz, L.-O., Zweier, J. L., & Sollott, S. J. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.7.1001 · Cited by 1,412 · see citing works
Molecular Aspects of Thyroid Hormone Actions
Cheng, S.-Y., Leonard, J. L., & Davis, P. J. (2010) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0007 · Cited by 1,384 · see citing works
Spinale, F. G. (2007) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2007 · Cited by 1,109 · see citing works
A family of microRNAs encoded by myosin genes governs myosin expression and muscle performance
van Rooij, E., Quiat, D., Johnson, B. A., Sutherland, L. B., Qi, X., Richardson, J. A., Kelm, R. J., & Olson, E. N. (2009) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.013 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Induction of manganous superoxide dismutase by tumor necrosis factor: possible protective mechanism
Wong, G. H. W., & Goeddel, D. V. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3263703 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
MicroRNA-208a is a regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and conduction in mice
Callis, T. E., Pandya, K., Seok, H., Tang, R., Tatsuguchi, M., Huang, Z., Chen, J., Deng, Z., Gunn, B. M., Shumate, J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci36154 · Cited by 861 · see citing works
A Contemporary Appraisal of the Heart Failure Epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010
Gerber, Y., Weston, S. A., Redfield, M. M., Chamberlain, A. M., Manemann, S. M., Jiang, R., Killian, J. M., & Roger, V. L. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0924 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Molecular Basis of Cardioprotection
Heusch, G. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.305348 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Cell Death in the Pathogenesis of Heart Disease: Mechanisms and Significance
Whelan, R. S., Kaplinskiy, V., & Kitsis, R. N. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163111 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Mitochondria: master regulators of danger signalling
Galluzzi, L., Kepp, O., & Kroemer, G. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3479 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
p38 MAP kinase inhibition enables proliferation of adult mammalian cardiomyocytesPreprint
Engel, F. B., Schebesta, M., Duong, M. T., Lü, G., Ren, S. V., Madwed, J. B., Jiang, H., Wang, Y., & Keating, M. T. (2005) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1306705 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Return to the fetal gene program
Taegtmeyer, H., Sen, S., & Vela, D. C. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05100.x · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Is Central to Cardioprotection
Eckle, T. D. L. G., Köhler, D., Lehmann, R., Kasmi, K. C. E., & Eltzschig, H. K. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.758516 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Sanada, S., Komuro, I., & Kitakaze, M. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00553.2011 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Calcium-mediated cell death during myocardial reperfusion
García‐Dorado, D., Ruiz‐Meana, M., Inserte, J., Rodríguez‐Sinovas, A., & Piper, H. M. (2012) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvs116 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Structural remodeling of cardiac myocytes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Gerdes, A. M., Kellerman, S. E., Moore, J. A., Muffly, K. E., Clark, L. C., Reaves, P. Y., Malec, K. B., McKeown, P. P., & Schocken, D. D. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.2.426 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone action in mitochondria
Wrutniak‐Cabello, C., Casas, F., & Cabello, G. (2001) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/jme.0.0260067 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and ischemia-reperfusion injury
Baines, C. P. (2009) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-009-0004-8 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Kehat, I., Davis, J., Tiburcy, M., Accornero, F., Saba-El-Leil, M. K., Maillet, M., York, A. J., Lorenz, J. N., Zimmermann, W., Meloche, S., et al. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.231514 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Maximizing information exchange between complex networks
West, B. J., Geneston, E., & Paolo Grigolini, A. (2008) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2008.06.003 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Pfeffer, M. A. (1995) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.455 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Mortality Associated With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction
Gerber, Y., Weston, S. A., Enriquez-Sarano, M. L., Berardi, C., Chamberlain, A. M., Manemann, S. M., Jiang, R., Dunlay, S. M., & Roger, V. L. (2015) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002460 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Wilson, E. M., Moainie, S. L., Baskin, J. M., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000068375.40887.fa · Cited by 198 · see citing works
The Cardiac Mitochondrion: Nexus of Stress
Baines, C. P. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135929 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Rolfe, M., Mcleod, L. E., Pratt, P., & Proud, C. (2005) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20041888 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-mediated angiogenesis in a fibrin-collagen matrix
Collen, A., Hanemaaijer, R., Lupu, F., Quax, P. H. A., van Lent, N., Grimbergen, J. M., Peters, E. A. B., Koolwijk, P., & van Hinsbergh, V. W. M. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2002-05-1593 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Lindsey, M. L., & Zamilpa, R. (2010) · Cardiovascular Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00207.x · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Rapid Down-regulation of Thyroid Hormones in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Friberg, L., Werner, S., Eggertsen, G., & Ahnve, S. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.12.1388 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Forini, F., Kusmic, C., Nicolini, G., Mariani, L., Zucchi, R., Matteucci, M., Iervasi, G., & Pitto, L. (2014) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2014-1106 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationMoeller, L. C., Dumitrescu, A. M., & Refetoff, S. (2005) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2004-0542 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Mitochondrial centrality in heart failure
Marı́n-Garcı́a, J., & Goldenthal, M. J. (2008) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-007-9079-1 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Kuzman, J. A., Gerdes, A., KOBAYASHI, S., & LIANG, Q. (2005) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2005.07.019 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Kobayashi, S., Chen, J., Redetzke, R. A., Said, S., Liang, Q., & Gerdes, A. M. (2007) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.09.009 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Brady, N. R., Hamacher‐Brady, A., & Gottlieb, R. A. (2006) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.04.011 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Myocardial catecholamines and the pathophysiology of heart failure.
Daly, P. A., & Sole, M. J. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Pantos, C. I., Mourouzis, I. S., Saranteas, T., Clavé, G., Ligeret, H., Noack, P., Renard, P., Massonneau, M., Perimenis, P., Spanou, D., et al. (2008) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-008-0758-4 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Friberg, L., Drvota, V., Bjelak, A. H., Eggertsen, G., & Ahnve, S. (2001) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(01)00980-9 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Forini, F., Lionetti, V., Ardehali, H., Pucci, A., Cecchetti, F., Ghanefar, M., Nicolini, G., Ichikawa, Y., Nannipieri, M., Recchia, F. A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01014.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationAssaly, R., de Tassigny, A. D., Paradis, S., Jacquin, S., Berdeaux, A., & Morin, D. (2011) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.11.036 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Kinugawa, K., Jeong, M. Y., Bristow, M. R., & Long, C. S. (2005) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2004-0503 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Givvimani, S., Tyagi, N., Sen, U., et al. (2010) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.3109/13813451003652997 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Pantos, C. I., Malliopoulou, V., Paizis, I. A., Moraitis, P., Mourouzis, I. S., Tzeis, S. M., Karamanoli, E., Cokkinos, D. D., Carageorgiou, H., Varonos, D. D., et al. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1021162417490 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic heart disease
Perricone, A. J., & Heide, R. S. V. (2014) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.004 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Represses Protein Kinase C Isoform Expression and Activity in Rat Cardiac Myocytes
Rybin, V. O., & Steinberg, S. F. (1996) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.79.3.388 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Pantos, C., Mourouzis, I. S., Galanopoulos, G. T., Gavra, M., Périmenis, P., Spanou, D., & Cokkinos, D. V. (2010) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0030-1255035 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Pantos, C., Mourouzis, I. S., Saranteas, T., et al. (2005) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-005-0545-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Mourouzis, I. S., Mantzouratou, P., Galanopoulos, G. T., Kostakou, E., Roukounakis, N., Kokkinos, A. D., Cokkinos, D. V., & Pantos, C. I. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-011-1175-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone and myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis
Marı́n-Garcı́a, J. (2009) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2009.10.008 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone induces myocardial matrix degradation by activating matrix metalloproteinase-1
Roy, S. G., Mishra, S., Ghosh, G., & Bandyopadhyay, A. (2006) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2006.12.005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Weltman, N. Y., Li, X., Youmans, S. J., Krause, D., & Gerdes, A. M. (2013) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/1479-5876-11-40 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Do unliganded thyroid hormone receptors have physiological functions?
Chassande, O. (2003) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/jme.0.0310009 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Proangiogenic Effect of TSH in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells through Its Membrane Receptor
Balzan, S., Carratore, R. D., Nicolini, G., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2146 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationThyroid hormone receptor alpha 1: a switch to cardiac cell "metamorphosis"?
Pantos, C. I., Xinaris, C., Mourouzis, I. S., Perimenis, P., Politi, E., Spanou, D., & Cokkinos, D. V. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Acute T3 treatment protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury via TRα1 receptor
Pantos, C. I., Mourouzis, I. S., Saranteas, T., Brozou, V., Galanopoulos, G. T., Kostopanagiotou, G. G., & Cokkinos, D. V. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-011-0791-8 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Makino, A., Suárez, J., Wang, H., Belke, D. D., Scott, B. T., & DILLMANN, W. H. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0634 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Promotes Remodeling of Coronary Resistance Vessels
Savinova, O. V., Liu, Y., Aasen, G. A., Mao, K., Weltman, N. Y., Nedich, B. L., Liang, Q., & Gerdes, A. M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025054 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk in cardiomyocyte T3 signaling: A time-course analysis
Goldenthal, M. J., Ananthakrishnan, R., & Marı́n-Garcı́a, J. (2005) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2005.03.016 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Pingitore, A., Chen, Y., Gerdes, A. M., & Iervasi, G. (2011) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.573501 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationThyroid Hormone and Cardiac Disease: From Basic Concepts to Clinical Application
Mourouzis, I. S., Forini, F., Pantos, C. I., & Iervasi, G. (2011) · Journal of Thyroid Research · doi:10.4061/2011/958626 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationCardioprotection in ischaemia–reperfusion injury: novel mechanisms and clinical translation
Altamirano, F. J., Wang, Z. V., & Hill, J. A. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp270953 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Forini, F. (2001) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(01)00287-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationRestoration of thyroid hormone balance: a game changer in the treatment of heart failure?
Gerdes, A. M. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00704.2014 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mourouzis, I. S., Kostakou, E., Galanopoulos, G. T., Mantzouratou, P., & Pantos, C. I. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-013-1631-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nicolini, G., Forini, F., Kusmic, C., Pitto, L., Mariani, L., & Iervasi, G. (2015) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2015.00140 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Emerging Role of TR α 1 in Cardiac Repair: Potential Therapeutic Implications
Pantos, C. I., & Mourouzis, I. S. (2014) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2014/481482 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pantos, C., Mourouzis, I. S., Dimopoulos, M. A., et al. (2007) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-007-0645-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Long-term physiological T3 supplementation in hypertensive heart disease in rats
Weltman, N. Y., Pol, C. J., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Koder, A., Raza, S., Zucchi, R., Saba, A., Colligiani, D., & Gerdes, A. M. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2015 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tavi, P., SJOGREN, M., Lunde, P., et al. (2005) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2005.02.008 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ziegelhöffer‐Mihalovičová, B., Briest, W., Baba, H. A., et al. (2003) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1024153003249 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Correlation of circulating interleukin-10 with thyroid hormone in acute myocardial infarction.
Kimur, T., Kotajima, N., Kanda, T., KUWABARA, A., FUKUMURA, Y., & Kobayashi, I. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Regulation of arteriolar density in adult myocardium during low thyroid conditions
Liu, Y., Sherer, B. A., Redetzke, R. A., & Gerdes, A. M. (2009) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.vph.2009.10.003 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Forini, F., Ucciferri, N., Kusmic, C., Nicolini, G., Cecchettini, A., Rocchiccioli, S., Citti, L., & Iervasi, G. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms161125973 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, L., Guo, C., Yang, J., Jia, E., Zhu, T., Wang, L., Cao, K., Ma, W., & Yang, Z. (2011) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/aps.2011.118 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone and heart failure: from myocardial protection to systemic regulation
Sabatino, L., Iervasi, G., & Pingitore, A. (2014) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/14779072.2014.957674 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation(2015) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/14779072.2015.1043094 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease
Jabbar, A., Pingitore, A., Pearce, S. H. S., Zaman, A., Iervasi, G., & Razvi, S. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.174 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases
Razvi, S., Jabbar, A., Pingitore, A., Danzi, S., Biondi, B., Klein, I., Peeters, R., Zaman, A., & Iervasi, G. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.045 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Pingitore, A., Nicolini, G., Kusmic, C., Iervasi, G., Grigolini, P., & Forini, F.
- Affiliations
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pingitore, Alessandro
- Venue
- Heart Failure Reviews
- Published
- 2016-03-24
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 391-399
- ISSN
- 1382-4147 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7322
- OpenAlex
- W2310093262
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 6.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Heart Failure Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Keywords
- cardioprotection, thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine, myocardial ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, infarct size, mitochondrial function, myocardial fibrosis, angiogenesis, cell regeneration, heart failure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiotonic Agents, Disease Models, Animal, Heart, Humans, Mitochondria, Heart, Regeneration, Thyroid Hormones, Myocardial Ischemia, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review