Microglia polarization in nociplastic pain: mechanisms and perspectives

Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo

Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827 · see citing works

The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises

Raja, S. N., Carr, D. B., Cohen, M., Finnerup, N. B., Flor, H., Gibson, S., Keefe, F. J., Mogil, J. S., Ringkamp, M., Sluka, K. A., et al. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939 · Cited by 5,223 · see citing works

Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm

Biswas, S. K., & Mantovani, A. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1937 · Cited by 3,840 · see citing works

Neuropathic pain

Colloca, L., Ludman, T., Bouhassira, D., Baron, R., Dickenson, A. H., Yarnitsky, D., Freeman, R. L., Truini, A., Attal, N., Finnerup, N. B., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.2 · Cited by 2,212 · see citing works

Assessment of pain

Breivik, H., Borchgrevink, P. C., Allen, S. M., Rosseland, L. A., Romundstad, L., Breivik Hals, E. K., Kvarstein, G., & Stubhaug, A. (2008) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aen103 · Cited by 2,108 · see citing works

Fibromyalgia: A Clinical Review

Clauw, D. J. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.3266 · Cited by 1,674 · see citing works

Neuroinflammation and Central Sensitization in Chronic and Widespread Pain

Ji, R.-R., Nackley, A., Huh, Y., Terrando, N., & Maixner, W. (2018) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000002130 · Cited by 1,630 · see citing works

Neuropathic Pain: From Mechanisms to Treatment

Finnerup, N. B., Kuner, R., & Jensen, T. S. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00045.2019 · Cited by 1,628 · see citing works

Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions

Fitzcharles, M.-A., Cohen, S. P., Clauw, D. J., Littlejohn, G., Usui, C., & Häuser, W. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00392-5 · Cited by 1,253 · see citing works

Cytokine Mechanisms of Central Sensitization: Distinct and Overlapping Role of Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Regulating Synaptic and Neuronal Activity in the Superficial Spinal Cord

Kawasaki, Y., Zhang, L., Cheng, J.-K., & Ji, R.-R. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3338-07.2008 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works

Overview of General and Discriminating Markers of Differential Microglia Phenotypes

Jurga, A. M., Paleczna, M., & Kuter, K. Z. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00198 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works

MAP kinase and pain

Ji, R., Gereau, R. W., Malcangio, M., & Strichartz, G. R. (2008) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.12.011 · Cited by 993 · see citing works

M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases

Wang, L., Zhang, S.-X., Wu, H., Rong, X., & Guo, J. (2018) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.3ru1018-378rr · Cited by 891 · see citing works

Nitric oxide synthase in innate and adaptive immunity: an update

Bogdan, C. (2015) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.01.003 · Cited by 862 · see citing works

Modulators of microglial activation and polarization after intracerebral haemorrhage

Lan, X., Han, X., Li, Q., Yang, Q.-W., & Wang, J. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.69 · Cited by 819 · see citing works

Minocycline selectively inhibits M1 polarization of microglia

Kobayashi, K., Imagama, S., Ohgomori, T., Hirano, K., Uchimura, K., Sakamoto, K., Hirakawa, A., Takeuchi, H., Suzumura, A., Ishiguro, N., et al. (2013) · Cell Death & Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.54 · Cited by 742 · see citing works

Arginase: an emerging key player in the mammalian immune system

Munder, M. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00291.x · Cited by 701 · see citing works

General Pathways of Pain Sensation and the Major Neurotransmitters Involved in Pain Regulation

Yam, M. F., Loh, Y. C., Tan, C. S., Adam, S. K., Manan, N. A., & Basir, R. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19082164 · Cited by 694 · see citing works

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance p in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome

Russell, I. J., Orr, M. D., Littman, B., Vipraio, G. A., Alboukrek, D., Michalek, J. E., Lopez, Y., & Mackillip, F. (1994) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780371106 · Cited by 679 · see citing works

Chemokines, neuronal–glial interactions, and central processing of neuropathic pain

Gao, Y., & Ji, R. (2010) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.002 · Cited by 629 · see citing works

CD163 and Inflammation: Biological, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Aspects

Etzerodt, A., & Moestrup, S. K. (2012) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.4834 · Cited by 609 · see citing works

Chronic nociplastic pain affecting the musculoskeletal system: clinical criteria and grading system

Kosek, E., Clauw, D. J., Nijs, J., Baron, R., Gilron, I., Harris, R. E., Micó, J. A., Rice, A. S. C., & Sterling, M. M. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002324 · Cited by 598 · see citing works

Injured sensory neuron–derived CSF1 induces microglial proliferation and DAP12-dependent pain

Guan, Z., Kuhn, J., Wang, X., Colquitt, B. M., Solórzano, C., Vaman, S., Guan, A. K., Evans-Reinsch, Z., Braz, J. M., Devor, M. G., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4189 · Cited by 554 · see citing works

Diabetic neuropathic pain: Physiopathology and treatment

Schreiber, A. K. (2015) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.432 · Cited by 464 · see citing works

Nociplastic pain criteria or recognition of central sensitization? Pain phenotyping in the past, present and future

Nijs, J., Lahousse, A., Kapreli, E., Bilika, P., Saraçoğlu, İ., Malfliet, A., Coppieters, I., De Baets, L., Leysen, L., Roose, E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10153203 · Cited by 430 · see citing works

Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia: new features for diagnosis

Vaerøy, H., Helle, R., Førre, Ø., Kåss, E., & Terenius, L. (1988) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(88)90019-x · Cited by 421 · see citing works

The neurobiology of central sensitization

Harte, S. E., Harris, R. E., & Clauw, D. J. (2018) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/jabr.12137 · Cited by 404 · see citing works

Microglia Responses to Pro-inflammatory Stimuli (LPS, IFNγ+TNFα) and Reprogramming by Resolving Cytokines (IL-4, IL-10)

Lively, S. S., & Schlichter, L. C. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00215 · Cited by 384 · see citing works

Role of the CX3CR1/p38 MAPK pathway in spinal microglia for the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury-induced cleavage of fractalkine

Zhuang, Z.-Y., Kawasaki, Y., Tan, P.-H., Wen, Y.-R., Huang, J., & Ji, R.-R. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.11.003 · Cited by 371 · see citing works

Elevated insular glutamate in fibromyalgia is associated with experimental pain

Harris, R. E., Sundgren, P. C., Craig, A. D., Kirshenbaum, E., Sen, A., Napadow, V., & Clauw, D. J. (2009) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.24849 · Cited by 328 · see citing works

Central Nervous System Targets: Glial Cell Mechanisms in Chronic Pain

Donnelly, C. R., Andriessen, A. S., Chen, G., Wang, K., Jiang, C., Maixner, W. D., & Ji, R. (2020) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-020-00905-7 · Cited by 302 · see citing works

Glial activation and pathological pain

Wieseler‐Frank, J., Maier, S. F., & Watkins, L. R. (2004) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2003.09.009 · Cited by 267 · see citing works

Reduced levels of antiinflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic widespread pain

Üçeyler, N., Valenza, R., Stock, M., Schedel, R., Sprotte, G., & Sommer, C. (2006) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.22026 · Cited by 251 · see citing works

The many facets of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis

Siouti, E., & Andreakos, E. (2019) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.029 · Cited by 249 · see citing works

Pain as a disease: an overview

Raffaeli, W., & Arnaudo, E. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s138864 · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Fibromyalgia Symptoms Are Reduced by Low-Dose Naltrexone: A Pilot Study

Younger, J., & Mackey, S. (2009) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00613.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Reduced insular γ‐aminobutyric acid in fibromyalgia

Foerster, B. R., Petrou, M., Edden, R. A. E., Sundgren, P. C., Schmidt‐Wilcke, T., Lowe, S. E., Harte, S. E., Clauw, D. J., & Harris, R. E. (2012) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.33339 · Cited by 212 · see citing works

Antidepressant therapies inhibit inflammation and microglial M1-polarization

Kalkman, H. O., & Feuerbach, D. (2016) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.001 · Cited by 212 · see citing works

Toll-like receptors and their role in persistent pain

Lacagnina, M. J., Watkins, L. R., & Grace, P. M. (2017) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.006 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

The Role of Microglia and Matrix Metalloproteinases Involvement in Neuroinflammation and Gliomas

Könnecke, H., & Bechmann, I. (2013) · Clinical and Developmental Immunology · doi:10.1155/2013/914104 · Cited by 199 · see citing works

Pharmacological characterization of the opioid inactive isomers (+)‐naltrexone and (+)‐naloxone as antagonists of toll‐like receptor 4

Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Peng, Y., Hutchinson, M. R., Rice, K. C., Yin, H. H., & Watkins, L. R. (2015) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13394 · Cited by 175 · see citing works

Clinical trial of the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor dilmapimod in neuropathic pain following nerve injury

Anand, P., Shenoy, R., Palmer, J. E., Baines, A. J., Lai, R. Y. K., Robertson, J., Bird, N., Ostenfeld, T., & Chizh, B. A. (2011) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.04.005 · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Chronic pain and neuroinflammation

Vergne‐Salle, P., & Bertin, P. (2021) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105222 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Minocycline modulates neuropathic pain behaviour and cortical M1–M2 microglial gene expression in a rat model of depression

Burke, N. N., Kerr, D. M., Moriarty, O., Finn, D. P., & Roche, M. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.015 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

ATP receptors gate microglia signaling in neuropathic pain

Trang, T., Beggs, S., & Salter, M. W. (2011) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.11.012 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Management of Neuropathic Pain Associated with Spinal Cord Injury

Hagen, E. M., & Rekand, T. (2015) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-015-0033-y · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Propentofylline attenuates allodynia, glial activation and modulates GABAergic tone after spinal cord injury in the rat

Gwak, Y. S., Crown, E. D., Unabia, G. C., & Hulsebosch, C. E. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.01.021 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

IL-4 induces M2 macrophages to produce sustained analgesia via opioids

Celik, M. Ö., Łabuz, D., Keye, J., Glauben, R., & Machelska, H. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.133093 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Pain and purinergic signaling

Tsuda, M., Tozaki‐Saitoh, H., & Inoue, K. (2009) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.11.003 · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Efficacy of propentofylline, a glial modulating agent, on existing mechanical allodynia following peripheral nerve injury

Tawfik, V. L., Nutile‐McMenemy, N., LaCroix‐Fralish, M. L., & DeLeo, J. A. (2006) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2006.07.001 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Macrophage as a Peripheral Pain Regulator

Domoto, R., Sekiguchi, F., Tsubota, M., & Kawabata, A. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10081881 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Imaging of neuroinflammation in migraine with aura

Albrecht, D., Mainero, C., Ichijo, E., Ward, N., Granziera, C., Zürcher, N. R., Akeju, O., Bonnier, G., Price, J. C., Hooker, J. M., et al. (2019) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000007371 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

A systematic review of the role of inflammatory biomarkers in acute, subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain

Morris, P. K., Ali, K., Merritt, M., Pelletier, J., & Macedo, L. G. (2020) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-020-3154-3 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

The Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Substance P/NK-1R Interactions in Inflammatory CNS Disorders

Johnson, M. B., Young, A. D., & Marriott, I. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2016.00296 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

M1/M2 Macrophages in Diabetic Nephropathy: Nrf2/HO-1 as Therapeutic Targets

Landis, R. C., Quimby, K. R., & Greenidge, A. (2018) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612824666180716163845 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Peripheral interleukin-4 ameliorates inflammatory macrophage-dependent neuropathic pain

Kiguchi, N., Kobayashi, Y., Saika, F., Sakaguchi, H., Maeda, T., & Kishioka, S. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000097 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines after Eight Weeks of Low-Dose Naltrexone for Fibromyalgia

Parkitny, L., & Younger, J. (2017) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines5020016 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Kaempferol exerts a neuroprotective effect to reduce neuropathic pain through TLR4 / NF‐ĸB signaling pathway

Chang, S., Li, X., Zheng, Y., Shi, H., Zhang, D., Jing, B., Chen, Z., Qian, G., & Zhao, G. (2022) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7396 · Cited by 112 · see citing works

Mesenchymal stem cells enhance α-synuclein clearance via M2 microglia polarization in experimental and human parkinsonian disorder

Park, H.-J., Oh, S. H., Kim, H., Jung, Y. J., & Lee, P. H. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1605-6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

Neuron-immune mechanisms contribute to pain in early stages of arthritis

Nieto, F. R., Clark, A. K., Grist, J., Hathway, G. J., Chapman, V., & Malcangio, M. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0556-0 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Pharmacological Regulation of Neuropathic Pain Driven by Inflammatory Macrophages

Kiguchi, N., Kobayashi, D., Saika, F., Matsuzaki, S., & Kishioka, S. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18112296 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Increased glutamate/glutamine compounds in the brains of patients with fibromyalgia: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

Valdés, M., Collado, A., Bargalló, N., Vázquez, M., Rami, L., Gómez, E., & Salamero, M. (2010) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.27430 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Contribution of Microglia and Astrocytes to the Central Sensitization, Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain in the Juvenile Rat

Ikeda, H., Kiritoshi, T., & Murase, K. (2012) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1186/1744-8069-8-43 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

Plasma Cytokine Levels in Fibromyalgia and Their Response to 15 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Exercise or Relaxation Therapy

Ernberg, M. M., Christidis, N., Ghafouri, B., Bilevičiūtė-Ljungar, I., Löfgren, M., Bjersing, J. L., Palstam, A., Larsson, A., Mannerkorpi, K., Gerdle, B. U. C., et al. (2018) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2018/3985154 · Cited by 91 · see citing works

Caring for Patients With Chronic Pain: Pearls and Pitfalls

Debono, D., Hoeksema, L. J., & Hobbs, R. D. (2013) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.7556/jaoa.2013.023 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Unbalanced plasma TNF-α and IL-12/IL-10 profile in women with migraine is associated with psychological and physiological outcomes

Oliveira, A. B., Bachi, A. L. L., Ribeiro, R. T., de Mello, M. T., Tufik, S. B., & Peres, M. F. P. (2017) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.09.008 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Aquatic exercise improves the monocyte pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production balance in fibromyalgia patients

Ortega, E., Bote, E., Giraldo, E., & García, J. J. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01132.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works

The Perception and Endogenous Modulation of Pain

Ossipov, M. H. (2012) · Scientifica · doi:10.6064/2012/561761 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Botulinum toxin type A promotes microglial M2 polarization and suppresses chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain through the P2X7 receptor

Gui, X., Wang, H., Wu, L., Tian, S., Wang, X., Zheng, H., & Wu, W. (2020) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-020-00405-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) in Microglia of the Developing Quail Retina

Sierra, A., Navascués, J., Cuadros, M. Á., Calvente, R., Martín‐Oliva, D., Ferrer‐Martín, R. M., Martín‐Estebané, M., Carrasco, M., & Marín‐Teva, J. L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106048 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Site-specific subtypes of macrophages recruited after peripheral nerve injury

Komori, T., Morikawa, Y., Inada, T., Hisaoka, T., & Senba, E. (2011) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e32834cd76a · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Dehydrocorydaline attenuates bone cancer pain by shifting microglial M1/M2 polarization toward the M2 phenotype

Huo, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Lei, Y., Sun, R., Zhang, W., Huang, Y., Mao, Y., Wang, C., Ma, Z., et al. (2018) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/1744806918781733 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Mitochondria in activated microglia in vitro

Banati, R. B., Egensperger, R., Maaßen, A., Hager, G., Kreutzberg, G. W., Manuel, B. R., & Graeber (2004) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1007/s11068-004-0515-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works

A Chronic fatigue syndrome model demonstrates mechanical allodynia and muscular hyperalgesia via spinal microglial activation

Yasui, M., Yoshimura, T., Takeuchi, S., Tokizane, K., Tsuda, M., Inoue, K., & Kiyama, H. (2014) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22687 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Toll-like receptors and their role in neuropathic pain and migraine

Liu, X., Yang, W., Zhu, C., Sun, S., Wu, S., Wang, L., Wang, Y., & Ge, Z. (2022) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-022-00960-5 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Attenuation of rodent neuropathic pain by an orally active peptide, RAP-103, which potently blocks CCR2- and CCR5-mediated monocyte chemotaxis and inflammation

Padi, S. S. V., Shi, X., Zhao, Y. Q., Ruff, M. R., Baichoo, N., Pert, C. B., & Zhang, J. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.09.022 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Propentofylline: Glial Modulation, Neuroprotection, and Alleviation of Chronic Pain

Sweitzer, S. M., & Leo, J. A. D. (2010) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13443-2_8 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Unique Cytokine Signature in the Plasma of Patients with Fibromyalgia

Sturgill, J., McGee, E. A., & Menzies, V. S. (2014) · Journal of Immunology Research · doi:10.1155/2014/938576 · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Effect of stroke on arginase expression and localization in the rat brain

Quirié, A., Demougeot, C., Bertrand, N., Mossiat, C. M., Garnier, P. E., Marie, C., & Prigent‐Tessier, A. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12111 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Minocycline Relieves Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats With Bone Cancer Pain by Inhibiting Microglia Activation in Hippocampus

Dai, J., Ding, Z., Zhang, J., Xu, W., Guo, Q., Zou, W., Xiong, Y., Weng, Y., Yang, Y., Chen, S., et al. (2019) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000004063 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Metabolic Abnormalities in Pain-Processing Regions of Patients with Fibromyalgia: A 3T MR Spectroscopy Study

Feraco, P., Bacci, A., Pedrabissi, F., Passamonti, L., Zampogna, G., Pedrabissi, F., Malavolta, N., & Leonardi, M. (2011) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2550 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Activation of Astrocytes and Microglial Cells and CCL2/CCR2 Upregulation in the Dorsolateral and Ventrolateral Nuclei of Periaqueductal Gray and Rostral Ventromedial Medulla Following Different Types of Sciatic Nerve Injury

Dubový, P., Klusáková, I., Hradilová‐Svíženská, I., Joukal, M., & Boadas‐Vaello, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00040 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

DUSP1 Promotes Microglial Polarization toward M2 Phenotype in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Neuropathic Pain Rats via Inhibition of MAPK Pathway

Wang, X., Jiang, Y., Li, J., Wang, Y., Tian, Y., Guo, Q., & Cheng, Z. (2021) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00567 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Neuroprotection of Cannabidiol, Its Synthetic Derivatives and Combination Preparations against Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Neurological Disorders

Yousaf, M., Chang, D., Liu, Y., Liu, T., & Zhou, X. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27154961 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Suramin inhibits spinal cord microglia activation and long-term hyperalgesia induced by formalin injection

Wu, Y., Willcockson, H. H., Maixner, W. D., & Light, A. R. (2004) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2003.09.006 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

The Influence of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor on Synthesis of Inflammatory Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Spinal Cord of Rats with Chronic Constriction Injury

Xu, L., Huang, Y., Yu, X., Yue, J., Yang, N., & Zuo, P. (2007) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000287660.29297.7b · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling

Abdelkader, N. F., Elbaset, M. A., Moustafa, P. E., & Ibrahim, S. M. (2022) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Inhibition of P2X7 Purinergic Receptor Ameliorates Fibromyalgia Syndrome by Suppressing NLRP3 Pathway

D’Amico, R., Fusco, R., Siracusa, R., Impellizzeri, D., Peritore, A. F., Gugliandolo, E., Interdonato, L., Sforza, A. M., Crupi, R., Cuzzocrea, S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22126471 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Fibromyalgia and microglial TNF-α: Translational research using human blood induced microglia-like cells

Ohgidani, M., Kato, T. A., Hosoi, M., Tsuda, M., Hayakawa, K., Hayaki, C., Iwaki, R., Sagata, N., Hashimoto, R., Inoue, K., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11506-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Immunometabolic Modulatory Role of Naltrexone in BV-2 Microglia Cells

Kučić, N., Rački, V., Šverko, R., Vidović, T., Grahovac, I., & Mršić‐Pelčić, J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168429 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Cingulate GABA levels inversely correlate with the intensity of ongoing chronic knee osteoarthritis pain

Reckziegel, D., Raschke, F., Cottam, W. J., & Auer, D. P. (2016) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/1744806916650690 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Red LED photobiomodulation reduces pain hypersensitivity and improves sensorimotor function following mild T10 hemicontusion spinal cord injury

Hu, D., Zhu, S., & Potas, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0679-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

The therapeutic potential of targeting chemokine signalling in the treatment of chronic pain

Montague-Cardoso, K., & Malcangio, M. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13927 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Contribution of colony-stimulating factor 1 to neuropathic pain

Yu, X., Basbaum, A. I., & Guan, Z. (2021) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000883 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Microglial CD206 Gene Has Potential as a State Marker of Bipolar Disorder

Ohgidani, M., Kato, T. A., Haraguchi, Y., Matsushima, T., Mizoguchi, Y., Murakawa‐Hirachi, T., Sagata, N., Monji, A., & Kanba, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00676 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Naringenin promoted spinal microglia M2 polarization in rat model of cancer-induced bone pain via regulating AMPK/PGC-1α signaling axis

Ge, M.-M., Li, D., Wang, L., Zhang, L.-Q., Liu, D.-Q., Tian, Y., Ye, D., Liu, Z., Zhou, Y., & Yang, H. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112912 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Pathophysiologic Approach to Pain Therapy for Complex Pain Entities: A Narrative Review

Rekatsina, M., Paladini, A., Piroli, A., Zis, P., Pergolizzi, J. V., & Varrassi, G. (2020) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-019-00147-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Peripheral administration of interleukin-13 reverses inflammatory macrophage and tactile allodynia in mice with partial sciatic nerve ligation

Kiguchi, N., Sakaguchi, H., Kadowaki, Y., Saika, F., Fukazawa, Y., Matsuzaki, S., & Kishioka, S. (2016) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2016.11.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Antiallodynic effects of propentofylline Elicited by interrupting spinal glial function in a rat model of bone cancer pain

Yao, M., Chang, X., Chu, Y., Yang, J., Wang, L., Cao, H.-Q., Liu, M., & Xu, Q. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.22711 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

IL-5 mediates monocyte phenotype and pain outcomes in fibromyalgia

Merriwether, E. N., Agalave, N. M., Dailey, D. L., Rakel, B. A., Kolker, S. J., Lenert, M. E., Spagnola, W. H., Lu, Y., Geasland, K. M., Allen, L. H., et al. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002089 · Cited by 37 · see citing works

Inhibition of Microglial Activation in the Amygdala Reverses Stress-Induced Abdominal Pain in the Male Rat

Yuan, T., Manohar, K., Latorre, R., Orock, A., & Greenwood-Van Meerveld, B. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.020 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Understanding pain physiology and its application to person with intellectual disability

Doody, O., & Bailey, M. (2017) · Journal of Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1744629517708680 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Postinjury stimulation triggers a transition to nociplastic pain in mice

Hankerd, K., McDonough, K. E., Wang, J., Tang, S., Chung, J. M., & La, J. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002366 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Targeting α7-nAChR by galantamine mitigates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like symptoms in rats: Involvement of cAMP/PKA, PI3K/AKT, and M1/M2 microglia polarization

Atta, A. A., Ibrahim, W. W., Mohamed, A. F., & Abdelkader, N. F. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175810 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Influence of tropisetron on the serum substance P levels in fibromyalgia patients

Stratz, T., Fiebich, B. L., Haus, U., & Müller, W. (2004) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/03009740410007023 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Long-lasting reflexive and nonreflexive pain responses in two mouse models of fibromyalgia-like condition

Álvarez-Pérez, B., Deulofeu, M., Homs, J., Merlos, M., Vela, J. M., Verdú, E., & Boadas‐Vaello, P. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13968-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Effect of Milnacipran Treatment on Ventricular Lactate in Fibromyalgia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Natelson, B. H., Vu, D., Mao, X., Weiduschat, N., Togo, F., Lange, G., Blate, M., Kang, G., Coplan, J. D., & Shungu, D. C. (2015) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.004 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Levo-Corydalmine Alleviates Neuropathic Cancer Pain Induced by Tumor Compression via the CCL2/CCR2 Pathway

Hu, Y., Kodithuwakku, N. D., Zhou, L., Li, C., Han, D., Fang, W., Liu, J., & Li, Y. (2017) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules22060937 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Neuroimmune mechanisms of pain: Basic science and potential therapeutic modulators

Lim, J. S., & Kam, P. C. A. (2020) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x20902774 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate Neuropathic Pain by Modulating Macrophage Polarization in a Rat SCI Model

Ban, D., Yu, H., Xiang, Z., Li, C., Yu, P., Wang, J., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s371789 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Vein wrapping promotes M2 macrophage polarization in a rat chronic constriction injury model

Hirosawa, N., Uchida, K., Kuniyoshi, K., Murakami, K., Inoue, G., Miyagi, M., Matsuura, Y., Orita, S., Inage, K., Suzuki, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1002/jor.23875 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Low-Dose Dextromethorphan for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia Pain: Results from a Longitudinal, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial

Mueller, C., Ness, T. J., & Younger, J. (2021) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s285609 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Crotalphine Modulates Microglia M1/M2 Phenotypes and Induces Spinal Analgesia Mediated by Opioid-Cannabinoid Systems

Lopes, F. S. R., Giardini, A. C., Sant’Anna, M. B., Kimura, L. F., Búfalo, M. C., Vigerelli, H., Zambelli, V. O., & Picolo, G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911571 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Different Types of Pain

Abd-Elsayed, A. A., & Deer, T. R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Oral Minocycline Therapy Improves Symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Especially in the Initial Disease Stage

Miwa, K. (2021) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.6082-20 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid, but not glutamine and glutamate levels are lower in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: considerations by sex and brain location

Cruz‐Almeida, Y., Forbes, M. A., Cohen, R. C., Woods, A. J., Fillingim, R. B., Riley, J. L., & Porges, E. C. (2021) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000952 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Microglia-derived TNF-α inhibiting GABAergic neurons in the anterior lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis precipitates visceral hypersensitivity induced by colorectal distension in rats

Ji, N., Meng, Q., Wang, Y., Zhou, Z.-M., Song, Y., Hua, R., & Zhang, Y.-M. (2022) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100449 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Pathogenic Role of iNOs+ M1 Effector Macrophages in Fibromyalgia

Tripathi, V., Mishra, A., Pathak, Y., Jain, A., & Prakash, H. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.94492 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Antinociceptive interaction of (±)-CPP and propentofylline in monoarthritic rats

Morales-Zavala, F., Constandil, L., Pélissier, T., Hernández, A., & Laurido, C. (2012) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar4030 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

From Homeostasis to Neuroinflammation: Insights into Cellular and Molecular Interactions and Network Dynamics

Müller, L., Benedetto, S. D., & Müller, V. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14010054 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nociception, and Pain

Merighi, A. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14050539 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

The dual role of microglia in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: Detrimental and protective effects

Sun, C., Deng, J., Ma, Y., Meng, F., Cui, X., Li, M., Li, J., Li, J., Yin, P., Kong, L., et al. (2023) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114570 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Immunological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: From Inflammatory Response to Neurorepair

Li, Z., Li, M., Fang, Z. H., & Wang, H. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178336 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Targeting Members of the Chemokine Family as a Novel Approach to Treating Neuropathic Pain

Pawlik, K., & Mika, J. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28155766 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Targeting persistently activated inflammatory microenvironment to promote chronic wound healing

Dai, Y., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1708358 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Fisetin Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Microglia/Macrophage M1 Polarization and JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway

Ji, R., Hao, Z., Wang, H., Su, Y., Yang, W., Li, X., Duan, L., Guan, F., & Ma, S. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02985 · Cited by 36 · see citing works

Spinal AT1R contributes to neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain via NOX2-dependent redox signaling in microglia

Zhang, W., Jiao, B., Yu, S., Zhang, K., Sun, J., Liu, B., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.12.004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Potential targets of microglia in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: Mechanism and therapeutic implications

Zhao, W., Liu, Z., Wu, J., Liu, A., & Yan, J. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01343 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

( +)-Catechin Alleviates CCI-Induced Neuropathic Pain by Modulating Microglia M1 and M2 Polarization via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Jing, B., Zhao, J.-J., Chen, Z., Si, W., Chang, S.-Q., Zheng, Y., Zhuang, Z.-F., Zhao, G., & Zhang, D. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10202-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Glial polarization in neurological diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Liu, Y., Wu, L., Peng, W., & Mao, X. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102638 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Targeting α7-nAChR by galantamine mitigates reserpine-induced fibromyalgia-like symptoms in rats: Involvement of cAMP/PKA, PI3K/AKT, and M1/M2 microglia polarization

Atta, A. A., Ibrahim, W. W., Mohamed, A. F., & Abdelkader, N. F. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175810 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

How to understand the overlap of long COVID, chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis, fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndromes

Goldenberg, D. L. (2024) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152455 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Exosomes derived from M2-type microglia ameliorate oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced HT22 cell injury by regulating miR-124-3p/NCOA4-mediated ferroptosis

Xie, K., Mo, Y., Yue, E., Shi, N., & Liu, K. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17592 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Interactions and Trends of Interleukins, PAI-1, CRP, and TNF-α in Inflammatory Responses during the Perioperative Period of Joint Arthroplasty: Implications for Pain Management—A Narrative Review

Cocea, A.-C., & Stoica, C. I. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14050537 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Sigma-1 Receptor Inhibition Reduces Mechanical Allodynia and Modulate Neuroinflammation in Chronic Neuropathic Pain

Denaro, S., Pasquinucci, L., Turnaturi, R., Alberghina, C., Longhitano, L., Giallongo, S., Costanzo, G., Spoto, S., Grasso, M., Zappalà, A., et al. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03717-w · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Neural and immune roles in osteoarthritis pain: Mechanisms and intervention strategies

Zou, Y., Liu, C., Wang, Z., Li, G., & Xiao, J. (2024) · Journal of Orthopaedic Translation · doi:10.1016/j.jot.2024.07.010 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

New Insight into Neuropathic Pain: The Relationship between α7nAChR, Ferroptosis, and Neuroinflammation

Luo, F., & Huang, C. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25126716 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Intrathecal lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors FX11 and oxamate alleviate chronic constriction injury-induced nociceptive sensitization through neuroinflammation and angiogenesis

Cheng, H., Chen, N., Chen, W.-F., Wu, Z., Sun, Y., Teng, W.-N., Su, F.-W., Sung, C., & Wen, Z. (2024) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-024-01916-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Pain and Therapeutic Interventions

Li, Z., Li, X., Liu, J., Sun, R., Ye, Y., Xiang, H., Luo, F., Li, S., & Luo, A. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70325 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Irisin alleviates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by modulating macrophage polarization and spinal glial cell activation

Rahman, M. M., Hwang, S.-M., Go, E. J., Kim, Y. H., & Park, C. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117157 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Glycolytic reprogramming during microglial polarization in neurological diseases

Li, X., Fang, C., Li, Y., Xiong, X., Xu, X., & Gu, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1648887 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Intranasal Delivery of circATF7IP siRNA via Lipid Nanoparticles Alleviates LPS‐induced Depressive‐Like Behaviors

Ju, M., Zhang, Z., Gao, F., Chen, G., Zhao, S., Wang, D., Wang, H., Jia, Y., Shen, L., Yuan, Y., et al. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202402219 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Central Sensitization and Nociplastic Pain: Shared Mechanisms in Fibromyalgia, Osteoarthritis, and Inflammatory Arthritis

Hladkykh, F. V., Liadova, T., Matvieienko, M. S., Komorovsky, R., Smiyan, S., & Student, V. (2026) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s571311 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Redox Regulation of Immunometabolism in Microglia Underpinning Diabetic Retinopathy

Cai, L., Xia, M., & Zhang, F. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13040423 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Assessing Risk Factors and Comorbidities in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review

Hebert, S. V., Green, M. A., Mashaw, S. A., Brouillette, W. D., Nguyen, A., Dufrene, K., Shelvan, A., Patil, S. S., Ahmadzadeh, S., Shekoohi, S., et al. (2024) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-024-01249-z · Cited by 20 · see citing works

How to Distinguish Non-Inflammatory from Inflammatory Pain in RA?

Khot, S., Tackley, G., & Choy, E. (2024) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-024-01159-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Stroke: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Management

Ren, H., Liu, Y., Zhao, M., Shen, H., Nie, S., Gao, X., & Huang, Y. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70558 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

CTRP9 attenuates peripheral nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia through regulating spinal microglial polarization and neuroinflammation mediated by AdipoR1 in male mice

Liu, T., Zhang, L., & Mei, W. (2024) · Cell Biology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s10565-024-09933-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Mechanisms of Cancer-Induced Bone Pain

Wang, X., Li, L., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s498466 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Progress in treatment of pathological neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury

Li, J., Kang, W., Wang, X., & Pan, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1430288 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 derived from the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with postherpetic neuralgia induces allodynia via the crosstalk between microglia and astrocyte

Chen, K., Wei, X., Zhang, W., Wang, R., Wang, Y., & Yang, L. C. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Possible Interaction of Suramin with Thalamic P2X Receptors and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Alleviates Reserpine-Induced Fibromyalgia-Like Symptoms

Mohamed, M. M., Zaki, H. F., & Kamel, A. S. E. D. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10207-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Do cytokines play a role in the transition from acute to chronic musculoskeletal pain?

Ebersberger, A., & Schaible, H. (2025) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107585 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Novel Trajectories Towards Possible Effects of Semaglutide for Amelioration of Reserpine-induced Fibromyalgia in Rats: Contribution of cAMP/PKA/p-CREB and M1/M2 Microglia Polarization

Shafiek, M. Z., Zaki, H. F., Mohamed, A. F., & Ibrahim, W. W. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10196-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Microglia’s Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Pain Pathogenesis and Electroacupuncture Analgesia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

Dong, J., Lyu, Z., Erasmus, S., Wu, Y., Li, X., Chen, X., Fang, J., Du, J., Fang, J., Zhou, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s545420 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Pain in axial spondyloarthritis: role of the JAK/STAT pathway

Selmi, C. F., Chimenti, M. S., Novelli, L., Parikh, B. K., Morello, F., de Vlam, K., & Ciccia, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341981 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Macrophage: A key player in neuropathic pain

Ye, Y., Cheng, H., Wang, Y., Sun, Y., Zhang, L., & Tang, J. (2024) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.1080/08830185.2024.2344170 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Butyrate attenuates sympathetic activation in rats with chronic heart failure by inhibiting microglial inflammation in the paraventricular nucleus

Liu, C., Yu, H. N., Xia, H., Wang, Z., Li, B., Xue, H., Jin, S., Xiao, L., Wu, Y., & Guo, Q. (2024) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2024092 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Pharmacotherapy for osteoarthritis-related pain: current and emerging therapies

Zhang, M., Wang, Z., & Ding, C. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2374464 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Acupressure attenuates fibromyalgia central sensitization via MAPK phosphorylation-mediated neuroinflammation regulation

Liu, K., Lin, Y., Rao, T., Huang, Y., Kan, Y., & Liao, J. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research · doi:10.1186/s13018-025-05986-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Therapeutic potential of targeting novel signaling pathways in regulating chronic inflammation in obstructive lung disorders

Li, D., Manzano-Covarrubias, A. L., Douglas, K. B. I., Rafie, K., & Schmidt, M. V. (2026) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.108983 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Non-neuronal cells act as crucial players in neuropathic orofacial pain

Iwata, K., Hayashi, Y., Hitomi, S., Tsuboi, Y., & Shinoda, M. (2024) · Journal of Oral Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.job.2024.07.005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

GDF11 Mitigates Neuropathic Pain via Regulation of Microglial Polarization and Neuroinflammation through TGF-βR1/SMAD2/NF-κB Pathway in Male Mice

Liu, T., & Zhang, L. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10172-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works

MDL800, a SIRT6 activator, mitigates neuroinflammation-induced retinal damage by modulating microglial M1/M2 polarization in experimental glaucoma

Hu, F., Zhang, D., & Wu, J. (2025) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.111832 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and WDR neurons: Core factors inducing central sensitization of neuropathic pain

Zhong, Y., & Huang, C. (2025) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123796 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Spi1 aggravates neuropathic pain by modulating Clec7a-mediated neuroinflammation and microglial phagocytosis

Xu, Y., Liu, X., Chen, H., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Y., Xie, Y., Pang, J., Zeng, H., Zeng, Y., Peng, W., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-025-02089-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Modafinil Ameliorated Fibromyalgia Syndrome in Rats by Modulating Mast Cells and Microglia Activation Through Dopamine/Substance P/MRGPRX/Histamine and PI3K/p-Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Kamal, M.-A. M., Essam, R. M., Abdelkader, N. F., & Zaki, H. F. (2025) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-025-10194-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

JNK in inflammation and lipid metabolism regulation in atherosclerosis

Tang, D., Yao, Y., Xiang, X., Cui, J., Tang, H., & Huang, H. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115307 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Chemokine CCL2 Mediates Neuroglial Crosstalk and Drives Chronic Pain Pathogenesis

Lu, J., Shi, Y., Li, Y., Niu, Z., Wu, S., Luo, C., & Xie, R. (2025) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-025-01519-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Histone deacetylases: the critical enzymes for microglial activation involved in neuropathic pain

Ding, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1515787 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

In situ piezoelectricity induces M2 polarization of macrophages to regulate Schwann cells for alleviating neuropathic pain of CCI rats

Wei, G., Chen, C., Li, X., Wang, H., Li, Z., Gou, X., & Zhang, P. (2025) · Biomaterials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214319 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The pivotal role of central sensitization in long COVID, fibromyalgia and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Goldenberg, D. L. (2025) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2025.2516097 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

An Overview of the Mechanisms Involved in Neuralgia

Zhang, B., Dong, H., Wu, Z. B., Jiang, X., & Zou, W. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s425966 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for fibromyalgia-like syndrome in patients with Long-COVID: a pilot randomized clinical trial

Zulbaran‐Rojas, A., Bara, R. O., Lee, M., Bargas-Ochoa, M., Phan, T., Pacheco, M., Flores‐Camargo, A., Kazmi, S. M., Rouzi, M. D., Modi, D., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78651-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Applying Lessons From Rheumatology to Better Understand Long COVID

Goldenberg, D. L. (2023) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.25210 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The Immune-Centric Revolution Translated into Clinical Application: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMNC) Therapy in Diabetic Patients with No-Option Critical Limb-Threatening Ischemia (NO-CLTI)—Rationale and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Rehak, L., Giurato, L., Monami, M., Meloni, M., Scatena, A., Panunzi, A., Manti, G. M., Caravaggi, C. M. F., & Uccioli, L. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13237230 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The putative role of immune-inflammatory mechanisms in nociplastic pain pathways: a narrative review

Giglio, M., Corriero, A., Preziosa, A., Varrassi, G., & Puntillo, F. (2025) · Exploration of Immunology · doi:10.37349/ei.2025.1003178 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

HMGB1 promotes LPS-induced M1 polarization and apoptosis in microglia by mediating the expression of immune and inflammation-related genes

Zhao, L., Huang, Q., Li, N., Lin, W., Cui, X., Yang, F., Ma, L., Zhang, H., & Ma, H. (2025) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111615 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Microglial Activation in Nociplastic Pain: From Preclinical Models to PET Neuroimaging and Implications for Targeted Therapeutic Strategies

Coluzzi, F., Zeboudj, L., Scerpa, M. S., Giorgio, A., Blasi, R. D., Malcangio, M., & Rocco, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262411861 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Neuroimmune circuits in respiratory pathophysiology: decoding molecular crosstalk for precision therapeutic targeting

Chen, Q., Jia, N., Liu, J., Xu, C., Shen, Z., Shi, S., Wang, F., & Wang, Z. (2026) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2026.2620337 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Comparison between Conditioned Pain Modulation Paradigms Using Cold Pressor Conditioning Stimulus versus Ischemic Pressure Stimulus in Women with Fibromyalgia and Its Impact on Clinical Status: A Cross-Sectional Study

Riquelme-Aguado, V., González-Álvarez, M. E., Campo, A. Z.-D., Fernández‐Carnero, J., Crujera, A. G., Gómez‐Esquer, F., & Villafañe, J. H. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12102222 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Sinomenine Ameliorated Microglial Activation and Neuropathic Pain After Chronic Constriction Injury Via TGF ‐β1/ ALK5 /Smad3 Signalling Pathway

Ling, L., Luo, M., Yin, H., Tian, Y., Wang, T., Zhang, B., Yin, L., Zhang, Y., & Bian, J. (2024) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70214 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Focus on P2X7R in microglia: its mechanism of action and therapeutic prospects in various neuropathic pain models

Zhang, K., Ran, R., Zhang, C., Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1555732 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Targeting neuroimmune pathways in chronic pain: clinical insights and immunotherapeutic prospects

Zhai, Y., Y, J., Wang, S., Fu, D., Zhai, Y., Huang, S., & Zhao, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1823031 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Lycium barbarum glycopeptide alleviates retinal inflammation by suppressing microglial M1 polarization via NF-κB/MAPK pathways

Ou, Y., Huang, Y., Yang, X., Li, L., Mei, R., Yu, Z., So, K., Chen, J., Hongjie, J., & Tang, S. (2025) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2025.110452 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Mitigating organophosphate nerve agent, soman (GD), induced long-term neurotoxicity: Saracatinib, a Src Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor, as a potential countermeasure

Massey, N., Vasanthi, S. S., Holtkamp, C., Meyer, C., Rao, N. S., Gimenez-Lirola, L. G., Wang, C., Im, H., Bevoor, A. S., Kannurpatti, S. S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03520-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Plasma Pro‐ and Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines in an Observational Chronic Low Back Pain Cohort

Enrico, V. T., Anderst, W. J., Bell, K. M., Coelho, J. P., Darwin, J., Delitto, A., Greco, C. M., Lee, J. Y., McKernan, G., Patterson, C. G., et al. (2025) · JOR Spine · doi:10.1002/jsp2.70095 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

FKBP5-CCL5 interaction promotes neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke by regulating the MAPK pathway and enhancing NET formation

Li, Z., Yin, T., Guo, H., Liu, Z., Wang, P., Liu, C., Wang, Q., Zhang, M., Xiao, Y., Wang, J., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1609989 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Pain mechanism and management strategy of rheumatoid arthritis

Wang, D., Li, T., Wang, W. Y., Ruan, Y., Cai, J., & Yan, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2025.1693399 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Acute sleep deprivation induces hyperalgesia through P2X4-mediated microglial activation in mice

Huang, S., Cheng, W., Lai, P., Liu, X., Peng, S., Yang, X., & Du, X. (2025) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-025-03326-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Study on the Mechanisms of Glrα3 in Pain Sensitization of Endometriosis

Fan, P., Liu, R., Li, Y., Wang, S., & Li, T. X. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25158143 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

A novel postoperative delayed neurocognitive recovery model established based on preoperative rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in adult mice

Liu, K., Hong, J., Li, Y., Wang, Q., Dong, R., Liu, T., Guo, X., Chen, L., & Li, Z. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114508 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Effect of Microglial Activity on Gut Microbiota in Rats with Neuropathic Pain

Hong, S., Piao, L., Cho, E.-H., Seo, E., & Kim, S.-H. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115181 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Mechanism of Qingjie Fuzheng Granules in inhibiting colitis associated colorectal cancer by regulating TLR4 and IL-4R mediated macrophage polarization

Liu, H., Yang, R., Zhong, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Guo, K., Jiang, Z., He, J., Huang, Y., Lin, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.119511 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Nociplastic pain: the prominent role of non-neuronal cells in central and peripheral sensitization

Lai, W., Tang, X., Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Qi, Z., Cao, M., Yuan, C., Yu, J., & Wen, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1677310 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Inflammation and pain as interconnected targets in axial spondyloarthritis

Baraliakos, X., Navarro‐Compán, V., Ziadé, N., & Poddubnyy, D. (2026) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-025-01348-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Non-Invasive Interventions for Chronic Primary Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aranha, R. E. L. D. B., do Nascimento, J. D. S., Sampaio, D. D. A., & Alves, N. T. (2024) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/15459683241265906 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Efficacy and safety of low-dose naltrexone for the management of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis

Vatvani, A. D., Patel, P., Hariyanto, T. I., & Yanto, T. A. (2024) · The Korean journal of pain · doi:10.3344/kjp.24202 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

RIN1 regulates ferroptosis and nociceptive perception via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in chronic constriction injury

Lin, X., Li, X., Hong, S., Zhou, Q., & You, S. (2025) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2025.111784 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Prevotella histicola suppress olfactory bulb damage caused by LPS-induced rhinitis in mice

Zhuang, W.-H., Ruan, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Xu, H., & Li, S. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107768 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Pathogenic Crosstalk Between the Peripheral and Central Nervous System in Rheumatic Diseases: Emerging Evidence and Clinical Implications

Paroli, M., & Sirinian, M. I. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136036 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Total Flavones of Rhododendron Promotes Microglial Polarization to the M2 Subtype via Inhibiting the NOX2/ROS Pathway in Poststroke Mice with Depression-Like Behavior

Deng, G., Wang, Z., Xu, X. J., Wang, Z., Yin, X., Hu, C., Chen, Z., & Wen, J. (2025) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2025.0948 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Paeoniflorin attenuates neuropathic Pain-associated depression by modulating microglial M1 polarization and correcting kynurenine pathway dysregulation

Cheng, J., Gao, Y., Liu, P., Zhang, J., & Zhou, J. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115351 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

TFAM ‐Associated Mitochondrial Dynamics and Metabolic Reprogramming Regulate Microglial Polarization: Temporal and Causal Perspectives

Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Li, D., Lu, X., Gong, Z., Lin, Z., Sun, H., Wang, H., Lu, Z., Ma, X., et al. (2026) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202503182rr · Cited by 4 · see citing works

GDPD3 Deficiency Alleviates Neuropathic Pain and Reprograms Macrophagic Polarization Through PGE2 and PPARγ Pathway

Li, W., Fan, Y., Lan, H., Li, X., Wu, Q., & Dong, R. (2024) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-024-04148-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Fargesin promotes LPS-alleviated microglial M2 polarization and relieves neuropathic pain

Wu, C., Zhou, L., Wang, L., & Liu, L. (2024) · Signa Vitae · doi:10.22514/sv.2024.103 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

IRF8-Cathepsin S/PAR2 axis-mediated spinal microglia-neuron crosstalk is responsible for the exacerbation of postsurgical pain induced by preoperative stress

Chen, D.-J., Tang, L., Chen, B., Fu, S.-Y., Fan, M.-J., Chen, G.-J., Ou, Y.-N., Wu, X., & Yang, F. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115034 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Dehydrocorydaline can be a suitable candidate for analgesic purposes: a review on the current preclinical evidence

Dehghani, M., Nooralishahi, B., & Rezaei‐Tazangi, F. (2025) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/17448069251380033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Beyond inflammation: a comprehensive microglial regulation model in chronic pain

Yu, L., Wang, Q., Wang, F., & Mu, G. (2025) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-025-11019-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Mast Cells and Substance P: Neuroinflammatory Loops at the Molecular and Translational Clinical Levels

Aitella, E., Bruno, M., Azzellino, G., Martinis, M. D., Ginaldi, L., & Romano, C. P. (2026) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom16040539 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Multimorbidity in Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions: From Burden to Integrated Care

d’Incau, E., Kaplan, C. M., Micoulaud‐Franchi, J., Veasley, C., & Ohrbach, R. K. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15124835 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Postherpetic Neuralgia: Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Stratified Management—A Narrative Review

Tang, F., & Zhao, F. (2026) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.71002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

New ways to repurpose salmeterol in an animal model of fibromyalgia

Shafiek, M. Z., Zaki, H. F., & Mohamed, A. F. (2024) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.13041 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced central sensitization: A hypothesis for long COVID symptoms

Lee, E. J., Tsang, C. S. S., Pérez, M. L. G., Abouzari, M., & Djalilian, H. R. (2025) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2025.111570 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of marine-derived antimicrobial peptide tilapia piscidin 3(TP3) in alleviating chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats

Tsai, J.-K., Wu, Z., Yang, S., Huang, S., Chen, H.-L., Teng, W.-N., Su, F.-W., Chen, W.-F., Wen, Z., & Sung, C. (2025) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2025.106013 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Pain-stimulated ultrasound vocalizations and their impact on pain response in mice

Kasai, S., Ukai, S., Kuroda, J., Yamauchi, T., Yamada, D., Saitoh, A., Iriyama, S., Suzuki, M., Arita, K., Nakano, Y., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0324730 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation alleviates cancer pain by inhibiting P2X7 receptor expression–mediated activation of microglia

Zhang, W.-J., Liu, J., Xu, Y., Zuo, C., Liao, J.-X., Zhu, F.-Q., & Hu, J. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000002976 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

ALKBH5 enhances CX3CL1 RNA stability and governs macrophage polarization and bone integrity in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis

Fang, S., Wang, R., & Chen, P. (2025) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117466 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Pedunculoside attenuates the progression of neuropathic pain by affecting microglial polarization through Inhibition of the TLR4-NF-κB pathway

Huang, C., Ma, L., Li, B., Guo, S., & Li, Y. (2026) · Cytotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10616-026-00894-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Microglial Activation in Nociplastic Pain: From Preclinical Models to PET Neuroimaging and Implications for Targeted Therapeutic Strategies

Coluzzi, F., Zeboudj, L., Scerpa, M. S., Giorgio, A., Blasi, R. D., Malcangio, M., & Rocco, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262411861 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Spinal GABAergic disinhibition allows microglial activation mediating the development of nociplastic pain in male mice

McDonough, K. E., Hammond, R. M., Wang, J., Tierney, J. A., Hankerd, K., Chung, J. M., & La, J. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Activated Microglia in Nociception

Smith, H. S. (2010) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2010/13/295 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Neuro-microglial interactions in the spinal centers of pain modulation in the neuropathic pain syndrome

Manzhulo, I., Ogurtsova, O. S., Tyrtyshnaia, A. A., & Dyuizen, I. V. (2017) · Neurochemical Journal · doi:10.1134/s1819712417010081 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Activation mechanism of spinal cord microglia in neuropathic pain

Lu, B. (2013) · Guoji mazuixue yu fusu zazhi · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4378.2013.06.018