Coping with social stress: Implications for psychopathology in young adolescent girls
Open accessAbstract
This study investigated the impact of social stress on symptoms of psychopathology at the entry into adolescence (111 girls, Mage = 11.84, SD = 0.77). We examined whether peer stress and pubertal timing were associated with internalizing distress and aggression, and whether responses to stress and cortisol reactivity mediated or moderated these associations. Cortisol samples were collected from saliva samples during in-home visits, and the YSR was used to assess psychopathology. Interestingly, pubertal timing demonstrated a trend association with cortisol. Responses to stress mediated the association between social stress and symptoms of internalizing distress and aggression. Specifically, early maturers and girls with higher levels of peer stress exhibited more problematic responses to stress, in turn demonstrating higher levels of internalizing distress and aggression. Significant moderation effects also emerged. For example, early maturers who experienced higher levels of emotional/cognitive numbing in response to peer stress were at greater risk for aggression. Findings identify coping strategies that may be used in evidence-based programming to help girls transition more successfully into adolescence will be discussed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Adolescent romantic relationships and behaviors are qualitatively different than the feelings pre-pubescent children can have towards their peers; testosterone and estradiol seem to underlie some of that romantic interest.
“Adolescent romantic relationships and behaviors are qualitatively different than the feelings pre-pubescent children can have towards their peers;(110,133) testosterone and estradiol seem to underlie some of that romantic interest.(134)”
From Puberty Initiates Cascading Relationships Between Neurodevelopmental, Social, and Internalizing Processes Across Adolescence (2021) · cites this paper as [133]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,542 · see citing works
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532 · see citing works
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.3.879 · Cited by 34,117 · see citing works
Eysenck, H. J. (1985) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90087-7 · Cited by 32,026 · see citing works
“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833 · see citing works
Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls
Marshall, W. A., & Tanner, J. M. (1969) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.44.235.291 · Cited by 5,963 · see citing works
(1991) · Cited by 3,844 · see citing works
Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.87 · Cited by 3,277 · see citing works
The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence
Witchel, S. F., Oberfield, S., Rosenfield, R. L., Codner, E., Bonny, A., Ibáñez, L., Pena, A., Horikawa, R., Gomez-Lobo, V., Joel, D., et al. (2015) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000375530 · Cited by 3,113 · see citing works
Handbook of Adolescent Psychology
(2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470479193 · Cited by 2,938 · see citing works
Studer, M., Asher, S. R., & Coie, J. D. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2071877 · Cited by 2,278 · see citing works
Stansfield, R. G., & Leinhardt, S. (1983) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.1057/jors.1983.42 · Cited by 1,918 · see citing works
Herman-Giddens, M. E., Slora, E. J., Wasserman, R. C., Bourdony, C. J., Bhapkar, M. V., Koch, G. G., & Hasemeier, C. M. (1997) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.99.4.505 · Cited by 1,709 · see citing works
Responses to stress in adolescence: Measurement of coping and involuntary stress responses.
Connor-Smith, J. K., Compas, B. E., Wadsworth, M. E., Thomsen, A. H., & Saltzman, H. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.6.976 · Cited by 1,241 · see citing works
Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: moving from markers to mechanisms of risk.
Grant, K., Compas, B., Stuhlmacher, A. F., Thurm, A., McMahon, S., & Halpert, J. A. (2003) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.447 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Sociological Methodology 1980.
Carter, L. F., & SCHUESSLER, K. F. (1981) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2066948 · Cited by 904 · see citing works
GUNNAR, M. R., & VAZQUEZ, D. M. (2001) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579401003066 · Cited by 900 · see citing works
Nansel, T. R., Craig, W., Overpeck, M. D., Saluja, G., & Ruan, W. J. (2004) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.8.730 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Ge, X., Conger, R. D., & Elder, G. H. (2001) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.37.3.404 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Gender differences in emotional responses to interpersonal stress during adolescence
Rudolph, K. D. (2002) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00383-4 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
Ingram, R. E., & Luxton, D. D. (2005) · Development of Psychopathology: A Vulnerability-Stress Perspective · doi:10.4135/9781452231655.n2 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US girls
Chumlea, W. C., Schubert, C. M., Roche, A. F., Kulin, H. E., Lee, P. A., Himes, J. H., & Sun, S. S. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.1.110 · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Development of Psychopathology: A Vulnerability-Stress Perspective
Hankin, B. L., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2005) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452231655 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Caspi, A., Lynam, D. R., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1993) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.1.19 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Costello, E. J., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. C. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000184929.41423.c0 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Is Pubertal Timing Associated With Psychopathology in Young Adulthood?
Graber, J. A., Seeley, J. R., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000120022.14101.11 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of poor peer relationships in the development of disorder.
Kupersmidt, J. B., Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1990) · Cited by 410 · see citing works
KLIMES–DOUGAN, B., HASTINGS, P. D., GRANGER, D. A., USHER, B. A., & ZAHN–WAXLER, C. (2001) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579401003157 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Assessing Salivary Cortisol in Studies of Child Development
Schwartz, E. B., Granger, D. A., Susman, E. J., Gunnar, M. R., & Laird, B. (1998) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06173.x · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Deater-Deckard, K. D. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/s0021963001007272 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Family Rearing Antecedents of Pubertal Timing
Belsky, J., Steinberg, L. D., Houts, R., Friedman, S. L., DeHart, G. B., Cauffman, E. E., Roisman, G. I., Halpern‐Felsher, B. L., & Susman, E. J. (2007) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Deater-Deckard, K. D. (2001) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00753 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Adolescent stress: causes and consequences
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3016 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Rudolph, K. D., Dennig, M. D., & Weisz, J. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.328 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Adolescent brain development : vulnerabilities and opportunities
Dahl, R. E., & SPEAR, L. P. (2004) · New York Academy of Sciences eBooks · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Ge, X., Brody, G. H., Conger, R. D., Simons, R. L., & Murry, V. M. (2002) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.38.1.42 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Internalizing Problems During Adolescence
Graber, J. A., & Sontag, L. M. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy001020 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationGe, X., Brody, G. H., Conger, R. D., Simons, R. L., & Murry, V. M. (2002) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.1.42 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Wadsworth, M. E., Raviv, T., Compas, B. E., & Connor-Smith, J. K. (2005) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-005-5056-2 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Kendall-Tackett, K. A. (2000) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00136-8 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Jaser, S., Langrock, A. M., Keller, G., Merchant, M. J., Benson, M. A., Reeslund, K. L., Champion, J. E., & Compas, B. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_18 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
(2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489716 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Deater-Deckard, K. D. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Granger, D. A., Weisz, J. R., & Kauneckis, D. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.2.267 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents
(2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511663239 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Adolescent Stress: Causes and Consequences
Barber, B. K., Colten, M. E., & Gore, S. L. (1992) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/353086 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Early Adversity and the Development of Stress Reactivity and Regulation
Nelson, C. A. (2000) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410605344-10 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Low basal salivary cortisol is associated with teacher-reported symptoms of conduct disorder
Oosterlaan, J., Geurts, H. M., Knol, D. L., & Sergeant, J. A. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.12.005 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Editorial: Stress and development: Biological and psychological consequences
Cicchetti, D., & Walker, E. F. (2001) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579401003017 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Short-term and long-term consequences of early versus late physical maturation in adolescents
Weichold, K., Silbereisen, R. Κ., & Schmitt‐Rodermund, E. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489716.013 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Pubertal Effects on Adjustment in Girls: Moving from Demonstrating Effects to Identifying Pathways
Graber, J. A., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., & Warren, M. P. (2006) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9049-2 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Ipsative Process to Reduce Response Set Bias
Cunningham, W. H., Cunningham, I. C. M., & Green, R. T. (1977) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1086/268394 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Analyzing Ipsative Data in Psychological Research
Chan, W. (2003) · Behaviormetrika · doi:10.2333/bhmk.30.99 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Getting Specific About Coping: Effortful and Involuntary Responses to Stress in Development
Lewis, M., & Ramsay, D. S. (1999) · doi:10.4324/9781410602626-18 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
(1999) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410602626 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Stroud, L. R., Papandonatos, G. D., Williamson, D. E., & Dahl, R. E. (2004) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1308.043 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Developmental Psychobiology of Aggression
(2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499883 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Statistical adjustments and uncontrolled studies.
Weisberg, H. I. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.1149 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Research, Assessment and Intervention
Freeman, J. B. (2002) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200210000-00014 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Graber, J. A. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489716.015 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationAdrenocortical reactivity and social competence in seven year-olds
Schmidt, L. A., Fox, N. A., Sternberg, E. M., Gold, P. W., Smith, C. C., & Schulkin, J. A. (1999) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00099-3 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Adolescent depression, cortisol and DHEA
Angold, A. C. (2003) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170300775x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
How Stressful Is the Transition to Adolescence for Girls
Brooks‐Gunn, J. (1991) · doi:10.4324/9781315083025-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationFriends or foes? Peer influences on anxiety among children and adolescents
Greca, A. M. L. (2000) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511663239.008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Computer Science and Statistics: Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on the Interface
Ziegel, E. R., & Allen, D. T. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270394 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Graber, J. A., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., & Archibald, A. B. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499883.006 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Bettis, A. H., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Dunbar, J. P., Williams, E., & Thigpen, J. C. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000110 · Cited by 1,555 · see citing works
Pfeifer, J. H., & Allen, N. B. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.002 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Puberty as a Developmental Context of Risk for Psychopathology
Rudolph, K. D. (2014) · Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_17 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The role of peer stress and pubertal timing on symptoms of psychopathology during early adolescence
Sontag, L. M., Graber, J. A., & Clemans, K. H. (2011) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9620-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of the healthy pathways child-report scales
Bevans, K. B., Riley, A. W., & Forrest, C. B. (2010) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-010-9687-4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sontag, L. M., Graber, J. A., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Warren, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sontag, Lisa M.
- ORCID
- Graber, Julia A.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2008-05-09
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1159-1174
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC3117326
- OpenAlex
- W2098768781
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Commercializations Promotion Agency for R and D Outcomes
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE032376)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD047879, R01HD032376)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- social stress, peer stress, pubertal timing, early maturation, cortisol response, stress coping strategies, aggression, emotional numbing, transition to adolescence, mediation, moderation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Peer Group, Puberty, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
