Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis and narrative review.
Open accessAbstract
In this meta-analytic and narrative review, we examine several overarching issues related to the study of coping, emotion regulation, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, including the conceptualization and measurement of these constructs. We report a quantitative meta-analysis of 212 studies (N = 80,850 participants) that measured the associations between coping and emotion regulation with symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Within the meta-analysis we address the association of broad domains of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., total coping, emotion regulation), intermediate factors of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., primary control coping, secondary control coping), and specific coping and emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotional expression, cognitive reappraisal) with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. For cross-sectional studies, which made up the majority of studies included, we examine 3 potential moderators: age, measure quality, and single versus multiple informants. Finally, we separately consider findings from longitudinal studies as these provide stronger tests of the effects. After accounting for publication bias, findings indicate that the broad domain of emotion regulation and adaptive coping and the factors of primary control coping and secondary control coping are related to lower levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Further, the domain of maladaptive coping, the factor of disengagement coping, and the strategies of emotional suppression, avoidance, and denial are related to higher levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Finally, we offer a critique of the current state of the field and outline an agenda for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Maladaptive strategy use is associated with lower self-efficacy and higher depression and anxiety symptoms.
“Significant links are noted between maladaptive strategy use, reduced self-efficacy and increased depression and anxiety symptoms (Carthy et al., 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Ehring et al., 2010).”
From Outcomes From an Online Pilot Mindfulness Based Intervention with Adolescents: A Comparison by Categories of Risk. (2023) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
The Results (Cross-Sectional Effect Sizes; page unavailable) report that maladaptive coping was significantly associated with higher internalizing symptoms. The Previous Reviews section also reports positive associations between strategies considered maladaptive and depression and anxiety symptoms. Neither passage establishes a link between maladaptive strategy use and reduced self-efficacy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeople who use a greater variety of adaptive coping strategies report less anxiety and depression and greater psychological functioning and self-efficacy.
“Preliminary evidence suggests those who employ a greater variety of adaptive coping strategies report reduced anxiety and depression, and increased psychological functioning and self-efficacy (Compas et al., 2017; Suhr et al., 2017).”
From Outcomes From an Online Pilot Mindfulness Based Intervention with Adolescents: A Comparison by Categories of Risk. (2023) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
The Discussion’s Meta-analytic Findings section says secondary control coping, which combines several strategies, was associated with fewer symptoms; its Comparison with Previous Reviews section also reports links between adaptive strategies and lower anxiety and depression. But the paper does not establish that using a greater *variety* of strategies predicts those outcomes, and the passages do not support the claimed increase in self-efficacy. Its own meta-analysis concerns children and adolescents, not people generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a meta-analysis of 212 studies (80,850 participants), avoidant coping strategies such as disengagement, emotional suppression, and denial were associated with concurrent and subsequent psychopathology.
“As confirmed in a recent meta-analysis of 212 studies (80,850 participants), avoidant coping strategies such as disengagement, emotional suppression, and denial were associated with concurrent and subsequent psychopathology (Compas et al. 2017).”
From Child Sexual Abuse as a Unique Risk Factor for the Development of Psychopathology: The Compounded Convergence of Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as Compas et al. 2017
The Results report 212 studies and 80,850 participants, and the cross-sectional results link disengagement coping, emotional suppression, and denial to higher symptoms. But the Longitudinal Effect Sizes results and Discussion report longitudinal associations for disengagement coping and avoidance, not for emotional suppression or denial; only 17 studies contributed longitudinal data. The claim overextends the longitudinal finding to all three named examples (page numbers unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEmotion regulation is a well-established factor linked to behavioral health and mental health, including substance use and mood and anxiety disorders.
“Emotion regulation is a well-established factor that is linked to behavioral health and mental health, including substance use and mood and anxiety disorders [24].”
From Effectiveness of the Botvin High School LifeSkills Training Intervention on Adolescent Substance Use: A Cluster Randomized Trial (2026) · cites this paper as [24]
Suppression is positively associated with psychopathology.
“suppression and rumination have been positively associated (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2014; Prefit, Candea, & Szentagotai-Tatar, 2019; Seligowski, Lee, Bardeen, & Orcutt, 2015), and reappraisal has been negatively associated (Aldao et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014; Prefit et al., 2019; but see Seligowski et al., 2015) with psychopathology.”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
Rumination is positively associated with psychopathology.
“suppression and rumination have been positively associated (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2014; Prefit, Candea, & Szentagotai-Tatar, 2019; Seligowski, Lee, Bardeen, & Orcutt, 2015), and reappraisal has been negatively associated (Aldao et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014; Prefit et al., 2019; but see Seligowski et al., 2015) with psychopathology.”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
Broader measures of emotion regulation difficulties and abilities show consistent associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
“Broader measures of emotion regulation, such as difficulties (Prefit et al., 2019; Seligowski et al., 2015) and abilities (Compas et al., 2017), have also shown consistent associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms.”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
The relations between emotion regulation and psychopathology have been consistently supported in meta-analyses.
“The relations between emotion regulation and psychopathology have also been consistently supported in meta-analyses.”
From Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Compas et al., 2017
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“Further, the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC; Casey, Oliveri, & Insel, 2014; Insel & Cuthbert, 2015) represents a dimensional framework that conceptualizes mechanisms underlying psychopathology in five domains (negative valence systems, positive valence systems,…”
BackgroundCoping with chronic illness in childhood and adolescence
Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Dunn, M. J., & Rodriguez, E. M. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143108 · Cited by 723 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(Clarke, 2006), adolescents coping with relationship stressors (Seiffge-Krenke, 2011), children coping with the chronic stress associated with poverty (Evans & Kim, 2013), and children and adolescents coping with chronic illness (Aldridge & Roesch, 2007; Blount et al., 2008; Compas et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAyers, T. S., Sandler, I., West, S., & Roosa, M. (1996) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00949.x · Cited by 693 · cited 5× · see citing works
“In addition to the three models of coping using CFA highlighted by Skinner et al. (2003) noted above (Ayers et al., 1996; Connor-Smith et al., 2000; Walker et al., 1997), two additional models of coping have been tested using CFA (Frydenberg & Lewis, 1993; Seiffge-Krenke, 1995).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCoping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: A meta-analytic review.
Cheng, C., Lau, H.-P. B., & Chan, M.-P. S. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0037913 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Zimmer-Gembeck, M., & Skinner, E. A. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025410384923 · Cited by 658 · cited 4× · see citing works
“This is attributable in part to inconsistencies in the measurement of coping across ages and studies, and in part because research has not been designed for the specific purpose of examining coping development (Skinner & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2007; Zimmer-Gembeck & Skinner, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMcRae, K., Gross, J. J., Weber, J., Robertson, E. R., Sokol-Hessner, P., Ray, R. D., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr093 · Cited by 655 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A consistent pattern of findings has emerged, suggesting that increased activation during reappraisal of emotional stimuli occurs in several areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), including the ventromedial, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral PFC (e.g., Belden et al., 2014, 2015; Dougherty et al., 2015; McRae et al., 2012…”
BackgroundGullone, E., & Taffe, J. (2012) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0025777 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
The Neural Bases of Distraction and Reappraisal
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“, working memory, attentional control) may provide a foundation for the use of coping and emotion regulation, as these processes often require the use of complex cognitive skills (Campbell et al., 2009; Eisenberg & Zhou, 2016; McRae et al., 2010).”
BackgroundTroy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2013) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797613496434 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Emotional regulation and emotional development
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“In addition, the process model of emotion regulation by Gross, Thompson and colleagues includes responses that are directed toward other processes in addition to emotions (e.g., Gross, 2015; Gross & Thompson, 2007; Thompson, 1991, 1994; Thompson & Calkins, 1996; Thompson & Goodman, 2010).”
BackgroundMethodRutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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Development of a brief coping checklist for use with pediatric populations.
Spirito, A., Stark, L. J., & Williams, C. (1988) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/13.4.555 · Cited by 575 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Studies included in the current meta-analysis that measured the domain of total coping used a wide range of measures that capture a diverse array of strategies (e.g., Adolescent Coping Scale [ACS], Frydenberg & Lewis, 1993; CCSC, Ayers et al., 1996; CEMS, Zeman et al., 2010; Kidcope, Spirito, Stark, & Williams, 1988).”
BackgroundRutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Rutter, M. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444300895 · Cited by 573 · cited 1× · see citing works
“After a longstanding debate regarding the structure of psychopathology, a significant shift has occurred in the conceptualization of psychopathology, with recognition that symptoms of disorder occur both on continua as well as in discrete categories (Hyman, 2010; Rutter et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDevelopment of a Self-Report Coping Measure for Elementary School Children
Causey, D. L., & Dubow, E. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2101_8 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Stressors and Child and Adolescent Psychopathology: Measurement Issues and Prospective Effects
Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., & Gipson, P. Y. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_23 · Cited by 566 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Grant et al. (2004) identified more than 50 prospective longitudinal studies that provided evidence that exposure to stressful events and chronic adversity predicts increases in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms over time.”
BackgroundSelf-citationGARNEFSKI, N., LEGERSTEE, J., KRAAIJ, V., VAN DEN KOMMER, T., & TEERDS, J. (2002) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1006/jado.2002.0507 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
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“Some processes that are initially automatic may be brought under purposeful control, and processes that require effort may become automatized with repeated practice (e.g., Evers et al., 2014; Hankin, Badanes, Smolen, & Young, 2015; Mauss et al., 2007).”
BackgroundStressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Evidence of moderating and mediating effects
Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., Gipson, P. Y., Campbell, A. J., Krochock, K., & Westerholm, R. I. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.011 · Cited by 537 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…events appears to function as a distal risk factor whose association with internalizing and externalizing symptoms is both mediated and moderated by more proximal factors, including the ways children and adolescents cope with stressful events and regulate their emotions (Grant et al., 2003, 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAnger and Sadness Regulation: Predictions to Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Children
Zeman, J. L., Shipman, K., & Suveg, C. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3103_11 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Coping and adjustment in distressed and healthy adolescents
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When are adaptive strategies most predictive of psychopathology?
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Stress, Coping, and Relationships in Adolescence
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“In addition to the three models of coping using CFA highlighted by Skinner et al. (2003) noted above (Ayers et al., 1996; Connor-Smith et al., 2000; Walker et al., 1997), two additional models of coping have been tested using CFA (Frydenberg & Lewis, 1993; Seiffge-Krenke, 1995).”
MethodInfluentialCompensatory control and the appeal of a structured world.
Landau, M. J., Kay, A. C., & Whitson, J. A. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038703 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Measurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents
Weinberg, A., & Klonsky, E. D. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016669 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
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Perceived stress, coping, and adjustment in adolescents.
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“(Compas et al., 2001; p. 89) Eisenberg and colleagues (e.g., Eisenberg et al., 1997, 2010) Emotion Regulation “Processes used to manage and change if, when, and how (e.g., how intensely) one experiences emotions and emotion-related motivational and physiological states, as well as how emotions are…”
BackgroundCoping with Family Conflict and Economic Strain: The Adolescent Perspective
Wadsworth, M., & Compas, B. (2002) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/1532-7795.00033 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
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Self-citationThe double-edged sword: Emotional regulation for children at risk
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“In addition, the process model of emotion regulation by Gross, Thompson and colleagues includes responses that are directed toward other processes in addition to emotions (e.g., Gross, 2015; Gross & Thompson, 2007; Thompson, 1991, 1994; Thompson & Calkins, 1996; Thompson & Goodman, 2010).”
BackgroundMethodLochman, J., & Wells, K. C. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.4.571 · Cited by 419 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…that interventions targeting coping and emotion regulation skills are efficacious in the prevention and treatment of psychopathology in children and adolescents (e.g., Compas et al., 2010; Lochman & Wells, 2004; Tein, Sandler, Ayers, & Wolchik, 2006; Tein, Sandler, MacKinnon, & Wolchik, 2004).”
BackgroundEccleston, C., Crombez, G., Scotford, A., Clinch, J., & Connell, H. (2004) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.11.008 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Testing the 8-Syndrome Structure of the Child Behavior Checklist in 30 Societies
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“These dimensions have been identified in studies of children, adolescents, and adults and across a wide range of cultures and countries (e.g., Ivanova et al., 2007a; Ivanova et al., 2007b; Rescorla et al., 2012).”
BackgroundParental Emotion Coaching and Dismissing in Family Interaction
Lunkenheimer, E., Shields, A., & Cortina, K. (2007) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00382.x · Cited by 413 · see citing works
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Perceived Parenting Styles, Depersonalisation, Anxiety and Coping Behaviour in Adolescents
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Differences in sensitivity to parenting depending on child temperament: A meta-analysis.
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“Further, McMahon et al. (2003) found evidence that exposure to stressful events and chronic adversity is a nonspecific risk T hi s do cu m en t is co py ri gh te d by th e A m er ic an Ps yc ho lo gi ca l A ss oc ia tio n or on e of its al lie d pu bl is he rs .”
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Development and Initial Validation of the Children's Sadness Management Scale
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A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Framework
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“Research in psychopathology has been reshaped by an emphasis on underlying processes as reflected in the RDoC from the National Institute of Mental Health (Casey et al., 2014; Insel & Cuthbert, 2015).”
MethodInfluentialTemperament, stress reactivity, and coping: implications for depression in childhood and adolescence
Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J., & Jaser, S. S. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3301_3 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Self-citationClarke, A. (2006) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-005-9001-x · Cited by 345 · cited 7× · see citing works
“Examples include adolescents coping with social stressors (Clarke, 2006), adolescents coping with relationship stressors (Seiffge-Krenke, 2011), children coping with the chronic stress associated with poverty (Evans & Kim, 2013), and children and adolescents coping with chronic illness (Aldridge &…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLahey, B. B., Van Hulle, C. A., Singh, A. L., Waldman, I. D., & Rathouz, P. J. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.192 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
The generalizability of the Youth Self-Report syndrome structure in 23 societies.
Ivanova, M. Y., Achenbach, T. M., Rescorla, L. A., Dumenci, L., Almqvist, F., Bilenberg, N., Bird, H., Broberg, A. G., Dobrean, A., Döpfner, M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.5.729 · Cited by 331 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These dimensions have been identified in studies of children, adolescents, and adults and across a wide range of cultures and countries (e.g., Ivanova et al., 2007a; Ivanova et al., 2007b; Rescorla et al., 2012).”
BackgroundEmotion regulation: a transdiagnostic perspective on a new RDoC domain
Fernandez, K. C., Jazaieri, H., & Gross, J. J. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9772-2 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
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“After a longstanding debate regarding the structure of psychopathology, a significant shift has occurred in the conceptualization of psychopathology, with recognition that symptoms of disorder occur both on continua as well as in discrete categories (Hyman, 2010; Rutter et al., 2011). Further, the National Institute o…”
BackgroundCompas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Dunbar, J. P., Watson, K. H., Bettis, A. H., Gruhn, M. A., & Williams, E. K. (2013) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12043 · Cited by 326 · cited 6× · see citing works
“T hi s ar tic le is in te nd ed so le ly fo r th e pe rs on al us e of th e in di vi du al us er an d is no t to be di ss em in at ed br oa dl y. mants of these efforts (e.g., Compas et al., 2014a).”
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Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9–11-year-old children
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Social Anxiety and Peer Relations in Early Adolescence: Behavioral and Cognitive Factors
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“…from children’s and adolescents’ self-reports and reports from other informants including parents, teachers, mental health professionals, and trained observers (e.g., Achenbach, McConaughy, & Howell, 1987; De Los Reyes et al., 2015; Podsakoff, MacKenzie, & Podsakoff, 2012; Rescorla et al., 2013).”
BackgroundDevelopment and validation of the pain response inventory for children
Walker, L. S., Smith, C. A., Garber, J., & Van Slyke, D. A. (1997) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.392 · Cited by 292 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The three factors in the RSQ parallel factors included in two other coping measures: the Pain Response Inventory (PRI; active, accommodative, passive coping; Walker et al., 1997) and the Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist (CCSC; active coping, avoidance, distraction; Ayers et al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethodDevelopment of Maladaptive Coping: A Functional Adaptation to Chronic, Uncontrollable Stress
Wadsworth, M. (2015) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/cdep.12112 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Categorical versus dimensional approaches to diagnosis: methodological challenges.
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“In addition, Kraemer, Noda, and O’Hara (2004) note that although both categorical and dimensional approaches are fundamentally equivalent, dimensional approaches are advantageous for hypothesis testing because of the loss of power associated with the use of categorical variables.”
BackgroundCoping dimensions, life stress, and adolescent substance use: a latent growth analysis.
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Specific Coping Behaviors in Relation to Adolescent Depression and Suicidal Ideation
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Rumination and Worry in Nonclinical Adolescents
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Initial Validation of the Emotion Expression Scale for Children (EESC)
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Emotion dysregulation and anxiety in children and adolescents: Gender differences
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Rough-and-Tumble Play and the Development of the Social Brain
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“This encompasses efforts to regulate responses (including emotions) to acute life events, chronic stressors, daily hassles, and conditions of chronic adversity, all of which have been shown to be significant risk factors for symptoms of psychopathology (Harkness & Monroe, 2016).”
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Effective regulation of affect: An action control perspective on emotion regulation
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“Several reviews have examined the associations between coping and emotion regulation and symptoms of psychopathology in adults (e.g., Aldao et al., 2010; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2012; Webb et al., 2012).”
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“…that interventions targeting coping and emotion regulation skills are efficacious in the prevention and treatment of psychopathology in children and adolescents (e.g., Compas et al., 2010; Lochman & Wells, 2004; Tein, Sandler, Ayers, & Wolchik, 2006; Tein, Sandler, MacKinnon, & Wolchik, 2004).”
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“Eisenberg et al. (2010) described the association of children’s emotion regulation with internalizing and externalizing problems.”
BackgroundPiña, A., Villalta, I. K., Ortiz, C. D., Gottschall, A. C., Costa, N. M., & Weems, C. F. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410802148228 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
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Self-citationGender Differences and Similarities in Adolescents’ Ways of Coping
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“Examples include adolescents coping with social stressors (Clarke, 2006), adolescents coping with relationship stressors (Seiffge-Krenke, 2011), children coping with the chronic stress associated with poverty (Evans & Kim, 2013), and children and adolescents coping with chronic illness (Aldridge & Roesch, 2007; Blount…”
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Co-rumination predicts the onset of depressive disorders during adolescence.
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“These dimensions have been identified in studies of children, adolescents, and adults and across a wide range of cultures and countries (e.g., Ivanova et al., 2007a; Ivanova et al., 2007b; Rescorla et al., 2012).”
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“For example, the ways in which children cope with chronic pain as reported by parents and children have been shown to predict cross-informant reports of anxiety and depression in latent variable analyses (Compas et al., 2006b).”
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Multilevel perspectives on pathways to resilient functioning
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“…and externalizing symptoms and disorders in childhood and adolescence and for the development of interventions for the prevention and treatment of these symptoms and disorders (e.g., Cicchetti & Curtis, 2007; Kraemer, Lowe, & Kupfer, 2005; Luthar, 2006; Masten, 2001, 2014; Troy & Mauss, 2011).”
BackgroundPredictors of psychological adjustment in school-age children infected with HIV.
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Parent reports of coping and stress responses in children with recurrent abdominal pain.
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“For example, in a seminal review of the structure of coping, Skinner et al. (2003) identified more than 400 different subtypes that have appeared in research across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.”
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Executive function, coping, and behavior in survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Campbell, L. K., Scaduto, M., Slyke, D. V. V., Niarhos, F., Whitlock, J., & Compas, B. (2008) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn080 · Cited by 143 · cited 3× · see citing works
“, working memory, attentional control) may provide a foundation for the use of coping and emotion regulation, as these processes often require the use of complex cognitive skills (Campbell et al., 2009; Eisenberg & Zhou, 2016; McRae et al., 2010). Researchers have begun to identify neurobiological substrates of these…”
BackgroundSelf-citationExamination of the Response Styles Theory in a Community Sample of Young Adolescents
Hilt, L. M., McLaughlin, K., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9384-3 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Testing a Model of Pain Appraisal and Coping in Children With Chronic Abdominal Pain.
Walker, L. S., Smith, C. A., Garber, J., & Claar, R. L. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.364 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
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“T hi s ar tic le is in te nd ed so le ly fo r th e pe rs on al us e of th e in di vi du al us er an d is no t to be di ss em in at ed br oa dl y. mants of these efforts (e.g., Compas et al., 2014a).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fegert, J. M., Vitiello, B., Plener, P. L., & Clemens, V. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3 · Cited by 1,807 · see citing works
“With increasing levels of psychopathology, capacity for emotion regulation and adaptive coping is reduced, while maladaptive coping increases [56], a pattern also observed in children and adolescents with a history of child maltreatment [57].”
BackgroundSelf-regulation in childhood as a predictor of future outcomes: A meta-analytic review.
Robson, D. A., Allen, M. S., & Howard, S. J. (2020) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000227 · Cited by 759 · see citing works
“…(problems related to disruptive and Self-regulation in Childhood 9 aggressive behavior) and internalizing problems (emotional or psychological states related to depression, withdrawal, anxiety, loneliness, or suicidal thoughts) in children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGruber, J., Prinstein, M. J., Clark, L. A., Rottenberg, J., Abramowitz, J. S., Albano, A. M., Aldao, A., Borelli, J. L., Chung, T., Davila, J., et al. (2021) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000707 · Cited by 697 · see citing works
“COVID-19 also directly affects other risk factors for depression, such as emotion regulation and coping (Gross & Jazaieri, 2014) and may interfere with many protective forms of responding, such as seeking of social support and use of problem-focused coping strategies (e.g., thinking of various ways to solve a problem,…”
BackgroundPsychological Resilience: An Affect-Regulation Framework
Troy, A. S., Willroth, E. C., Shallcross, A. J., Giuliani, N. R., Gross, J. J., & Mauss, I. B. (2022) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-020122-041854 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
“Affect is thus a superordinate concept that includes stress responses and emotions, as well as other phenomena such as impulses and mood (Compas et al. 2017, Epel et al. 2018, Gross 2015, Marroquin et al. 2017).”
InfluentialRapee, R. M., Oar, E. L., Johnco, C. J., Forbes, M. K., Fardouly, J., Magson, N. R., & Richardson, C. E. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103501 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation and non-suicidal self-injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wolff, J. C., Thompson, E., Thomas, S. A., Nesi, J., Bettis, A. H., Ransford, B., Scopelliti, K., Frazier, E. A., & Liu, R. T. (2019) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.03.004 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
“This is illustrated by the wide range of self-report measures used to assess emotion regulation, each capturing different aspects of this broad construct [17,18].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGruhn, M. A., & Compas, B. (2020) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104446 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Self-citationAdolescence as a pivotal period for emotion regulation development
Silvers, J. A. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.09.023 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
The Coping Circumplex Model: An Integrative Model of the Structure of Coping With Stress
Stanisławski, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00694 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Self-Compassion and Coping: a Meta-Analysis
Ewert, C., Vater, A., & Schröder-Abé, M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01563-8 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Rudolph, J., Kerin, J., & Bohadana, G. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/01650254211051086 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
“For example, there is conceptual and operational overlap between definitions of emotion regulation and coping with stress (Compas et al., 2014, 2017), so this related research could be drawn upon to identify specific other strategies that parents use to downregulate negative emotion (Skinner &…”
BackgroundConcept of mental health and mental well-being, it's determinants and coping strategies
Gautam, S., Jain, A., Chaudhary, J., Gautam, M., Gaur, M., & Grover, S. (2024) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_707_23 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
“[36,37] The medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens and serotonergic and dopaminergic inputs play a role in the physiology of various coping mechanisms.”
The role of emotion regulation in the characterization, development and treatment of psychopathology
Lincoln, T. M., Schulze, L., & Renneberg, B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00040-4 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Emotion regulation as mediator between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A meta-analysis
Miu, A. C., Szentágotai-Tătar, A., Balázsi, R., Nechita, D., Bunea, I., & Pollak, S. D. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102141 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Crane, M. F., Searle, B. J., Kangas, M., & Nwiran, Y. (2018) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2018.1506640 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
“, rumination, avoidance, suppression) resulting in more internalizing symptoms (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLau, N., O'Daffer, A., Colt, S., Yi-Frazier, J. P., Palermo, T. M., McCauley, E., & Rosenberg, A. R. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/17798 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“Specifically, we first created a list of conventional self-help-seeking search terms from mental health and positive psychology background literature [23-31]; we refined the list in discussions among our interdisciplinary research team, which includes intervention science researchers, health services researchers, phys…”
Noll, J. G. (2021) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-112621 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Kraaij, V., & Garnefski, N. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.036 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Academic stress in the final years of school: a systematic literature review
Wuthrich, V. M., Jagiello, T., & Azzi, V. (2020) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-00981-y · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and coping strategies: Identifying pathways to resiliency in adulthood
Sheffler, J., Piazza, J., Quinn, J. M., Sachs-Ericsson, N., & Stanley, I. H. (2019) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2019.1638699 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“For example, maladaptive coping, including avoidance, is associate with greater levels of psychopathology, whereas adaptive approach-oriented strategies, including PF coping, is associated with lower levels of psychopathology (Compas et al., 2017; Taylor & Stanton, 596 J. L. SHEFFLER ET AL.”
BackgroundDesigning for Emotion Regulation Interventions: An Agenda for HCI Theory and Research
Slovak, P., Antle, A., Theofanopoulou, N., Daudén Roquet, C., Gross, J., & Isbister, K. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3569898 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Research concerning emotion regulation is one of the fastest growing areas in psychology [38], and emotion regulation is now widely understood to be a key protective factor supporting personal well-being [1, 18].”
BackgroundAge-related effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents
Schmidt, S. J., Barblan, L. P., Lory, I., & Landolt, M. A. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1901407 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“The result for adolescents is well in line with the literature (Fegert et al., 2020): Individuals with existing mental health problems are known to have limited coping skills and tend to overly use maladaptive emotions-regulation strategies (Compas et al., 2017).”
ResultDigital Technologies for Emotion-Regulation Assessment and Intervention: A Conceptual Review
Bettis, A. H., Burke, T. A., Nesi, J. L., & Liu, R. T. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211011982 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“…narrative and meta-analytic reviews conducted to date regarding associations between emotion regulation and psychological outcomes provide insight into how emotion-regulation processes have been measured in prior work (Aldao et al., 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Zimmer-Gembeck & Skinner, 2011).”
MethodSelf-citationCoping Behaviors and Psychological Disturbances in Youth Affected by the COVID-19 Health Crisis
Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delvecchio, E., Francisco, R., Mazzeschi, C., Pedro, M. F., & Espada, J. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.565657 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“The ability to cope with stressful events and regulate emotions can play an important role in the explanation of why some children develop psychopathological symptoms while others not (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundRosen, N. O., & Bergeron, S. (2018) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2018.1513987 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“In contrast, emotion regulation occurs in response to emotions (only), irrespective of the presence and nature of a specific stressor (Compas et al., 2017).”
Coping and Mental Health in Early Adolescence during COVID-19
Hussong, A. M., Midgette, A. J., Thomas, T. E., Coffman, J. L., & Cho, S. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00821-0 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Marciano, L., Camerini, A.-L., & Morese, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671817 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Park, I., Gong, J., Lyons, G. L., Hirota, T., Takahashi, M., Kim, B., Lee, S.-Y., Kim, Y. S., Lee, J.-S., & LEVENTHAL, B. L. (2020) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2020.61.11.909 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“These criteria are consistent with those used in previous meta-analyses of a limited number of studies.(65,66)”
ResultWesarg, C., Ebbes, R., Hensums, M., Wagemaker, E., Zaharieva, M. S., Staaks, J. P. C., van den Akker, A. L., Visser, I., Hoeve, M., Brummelman, E., et al. (2023) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2023.101090 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Neve, D. D., Bronstein, M. V., Leroy, A., Truyts, A., & Everaert, J. (2022) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-022-01678-2 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“…emotion regulation have been linked to maladaptive outcomes, including slower stress recovery and increased risk of experiencing common forms of psychopathology (Compas et al., 2017; Gratz et al., 2015), which dramatically increase in prevalence during adolescence (World Health Organization, 2005).”
BackgroundCorbett, B., Muscatello, R. A., Klemenčić, M., & Schwartzman, J. M. (2021) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2521 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“Fundamentally, engagement with a stressor and cognitive approaches have been aligned with better psychological adjustment; conversely, disengagement from a stressor and emotion-focused coping has been associated with poorer psychological adaptation (e.g., Compas et al., 2001; Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodNeural Correlates of Emotion Regulation in Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Meta-analytic Study
Pozzi, E., Vijayakumar, N., Rakesh, D., & Whittle, S. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.006 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The Protective Effect of Emotion Regulation on Child and Adolescent Wellbeing
Daniel, S. K., Abdel-Baki, R., & Hall, G. B. C. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01731-3 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Mental Health Issues During and After COVID-19 Vaccine Era
Pandey, K., Thurman, M., Johnson, S., Acharya, A., Johnston, M. P., Klug, E., Olwenyi, O. A., Rajaiah, R., & Byrareddy, S. (2021) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.08.012 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Goagoses, N., Bolz, T., Eilts, J., Schipper, N., Wilke, J., Rademacher, A., Vesterling, C., & Koglin, U. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03037-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Discussion Emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic factor, with maladaptive emotion regulation strategies showing an association with both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (Aldao et al., 2010; Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundWang, M.-T., Toro, J. D., Scanlon, C. L., Schall, J. D., Zhang, A. L., Belmont, A. M., Voltin, S. E., & Plevniak, K. A. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.082 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Mah, A., Chapman, D. A., Markowitz, E., & Lickel, B. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102282 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Weeland, J., Moens, M. A., Beute, F., Assink, M., Staaks, J. P. C., & Overbeek, G. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101326 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“This may increase the risk for inattention, negative affect, irritability, and non-compliance, which are behavioral manifestations associated with child psychopathology, such as Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (e.g., Campbell, Shaw, & Gilliom, 2000; Caspi, He…”
BackgroundPredicting Adolescent Depression: The Interrelated Roles of Self-Esteem and Interpersonal Stressors
Fiorilli, C., Capitello, T. G., Barni, D., Buonomo, I., & Gentile, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00565 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Fluharty, M., & Fancourt, D. (2021) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00603-9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Peer facilitation of emotion regulation in adolescence
Sahi, R. S., Eisenberger, N. I., & Silvers, J. A. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101262 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
A Meta-Analytic Review of Emotion Regulation Focused Psychosocial Interventions for Adolescents
Eadeh, H., Breaux, R., & Nikolas, M. (2021) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-021-00362-4 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
de Berardis, D., Fornaro, M., Orsolini, L., Ventriglio, A., Vellante, F., & Giannantonio, M. D. (2020) · Brain Science · doi:10.3390/brainsci10090591 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“The risk of developing anxious and depressive symptoms in persons with unrecognized and untreated emotional dysregulation is high, and this is often further complicated by substance abuse, addictive behaviors, and suicidal ideation and attempts, generating a vicious circle that will be hard to break [37,38].”
BackgroundMilojevich, H. M., Norwalk, K. E., & Sheridan, M. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000294 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Avoidance, as well as other disengagement strategies, in adolescents is associated with greater substance use (McConnell, Memetovic, & Richardson, 2014), more internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Compas et al., 2017; Cisler et al., 2010; Schäfer et al., 2017), and elevated aggression (Sontag & Graber, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialBullying perpetration and social status in the peer group: A meta‐analysis
Wiertsema, M., Vrijen, C., van der Ploeg, R., Sentse, M., & Kretschmer, T. (2022) · Journal des adolescens · doi:10.1002/jad.12109 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
“…estimates (β) from multivariate analyses were first transformed to correlations using the following formula: r β λ= + .05 , where λ = 0 for a negative β and λ = 1 for a nonnegative β as recommended by Peterson and Brown (2005) and in line with other recent meta‐analyses (e.g., Compas et al., 2017).”
MethodMentalizing and emotion regulation: Evidence from a nonclinical sample
Schwarzer, N.-H., Nolte, T., Fonagy, P., & Gingelmaier, S. (2021) · International Forum of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/0803706x.2021.1873418 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“In contrast, strategies reflecting adaptive emotional competence, such as problem-solving and identifying and seeking social support, predict relatively good functioning across childhood and adolescence in non-clinical samples (e.g. Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema & Schweizer, 2010; Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialTemperament and brain networks of attention
Posner, M. I., & Rothbart, M. K. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0254 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Attention Drifting In and Out: The Boredom Feedback Model
Tam, K. Y. Y., Tilburg, W. A. P. V., Chan, C., Igou, E., & Lau, H.-K. C. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683211010297 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Rodriguez, M., & Kross, E. F. (2023) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2023.01.008 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Wang, Y., & Yip, T. (2019) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13324 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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“Evidence suggests that deficiencies in emotion regulation capabilities are linked to a spectrum of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems [3].”
BackgroundWhat’s Race Got to Do With It? Racial Socialization’s Contribution to Black Adolescent Coping
Anderson, R., Jones, S. C. T., Anyiwo, N., McKenny, M., & Gaylord-Harden, N. (2018) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12440 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Predictors of Adolescent Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cognitive Reappraisal and Humor
Kuhlman, K. R., Straka, K., Mousavi, Z., Tran, M.-L., & Rodgers, E. (2021) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.006 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“It is well-established that cognitive reappraisal is protective in the development of both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology [34].”
BackgroundCavicchioli, M., Tobia, V., & Ogliari, A. L. (2022) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00980-8 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Specifically, an extensive meta-analysis (Compas et al., 2017) of crosssectional studies on the association between ER processes and developmental PSY found that the adaptive domain of ERSs (e.”
BackgroundResultGareau, A., Chamandy, M., Kljajić, K., & Gaudreau, P. (2018) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2018.1543763 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“Coping has been described as a volitional process of action regulation under stressful events or circumstances that can directly influence achievement (e.g., Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundBrenning, K., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Clercq, B. D., & Antrop, I. (2021) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-020-01107-0 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
de la Barrera, U., Schoeps, K., Gil-Gómez, J., & Montoya-Castilla, I. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16234650 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Adolescence is therefore a developmental stage with high risks in terms of psychological problems, subjective well-being, and adjustment [7,8].”
BackgroundZhang, W., Yan, C., Shum, D., & Deng, C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.157 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Løvaas, M. E. S., Sund, A. M., Patras, J., Martinsen, K. D., Hjemdal, O., Neumer, S., Holen, S., & Reinfjell, T. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0255-y · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“The association between youth psychopathology symptoms and emotion regulation was confirmed in a recent meta-analytic study [3].”
InfluentialThe Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology
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Herd, T., King-Casas, B., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01193-2 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Mazefsky, C. A., Yu, L., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2019.1703710 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Emotion dysregulation has been implicated as a core feature or associated characteristic of nearly all psychiatric disorders, maladaptive behaviors, and persistent irritability (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Leibenluft, 2011).”
BackgroundKing, K., Feil, M., & Halvorson, M. (2018) · Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618785619 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Although research has suggested that individuals high in distress may utilize more of all types of emotion regulation strategies (Compas et al., 2017), our work suggests that those high on negative urgency tend to utilize relatively more emotion regulation strategies that, in the long run, are likely to prolong their…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMinority Stress, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Depressive Symptoms Among Sexual Minority Youth
Baams, L., Dubas, J., Russell, S., Buikema, R., & van Aken, M. V. (2018) · Journal des adolescens · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.015 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“At the same time, adolescents and young adults with optimal coping skills process and handle stressful situations in more functional ways and are not affected by stressors to the same extent as those with lower levels of these skills (Compas et al., 2017; Lazarus, 1993; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).”
BackgroundThe development of academic coping in children and youth: A comprehensive review and critique
Skinner, E. A., & Saxton, E. (2019) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2019.100870 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Matheson, K., Seymour, A. M., Landry, J., Ventura, K., Arsenault, E., & Anisman, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116455 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Young children typically have not developed effective coping strategies and their restricted social connections limit the help they can acquire from others [36].”
BackgroundLi, S., Xie, H., Zheng, Z., Chen, W., Xu, F., Hu, X., & Zhang, D. (2022) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25824 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Adrian, M., Jenness, J., Kuehn, K., Smith, M. R., & McLaughlin, K. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000543 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“A recent meta-analysis documents associations of small to moderate effect sizes between emotion regulation and internalizing problems in children and adolescents (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMilas, G., Klarić, I., Malnar, A., Saftić, V., Šupe-Domić, D., & Slavich, G. M. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3050 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Longitudinal Associations between Coping Strategies and Psychopathology in Pre-adolescence
Richardson, C., Magson, N., Fardouly, J., Oar, E., Forbes, M., Johnco, C., & Rapee, R. (2020) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-020-01330-x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Neurobiological Markers of Resilience to Early-Life Adversity During Adolescence
Leal, A. S. M., & Silvers, J. A. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.004 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Guo, Y., Gu, J., Gaskin, J., Yin, X.-Q., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J.-L. (2023) · International Journal of Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106134 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Vinter, K., Aus, K., & Arro, G. (2020) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2020.1855631 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“…studies on longitudinal associations between emotion regulation and emotional outcomes are scarce compared to those on cross-sectional associations (Compas et al., 2017), but still maladaptive CERS, such as rumination, have shown stronger longitudinal associations with psychopathologies (e.g.…”
BackgroundA systematic review of childhood maltreatment and resting state functional connectivity
Gerin, M. I., Viding, E. M., Herringa, R. J., Russell, J. D., & McCrory, E. J. P. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101322 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“…to the emergence and maintenance of internalising and externalising mental health difficulties in the general population (Aldao et al., 2010; Compas et al., 2017; Gross and Jazaieri, 2014; Sheppes et al., 2015), and growing evidence suggests that emotion regulation problems may also…”
BackgroundRatliff, E. L., Morris, A., Cui, L.-X., Jespersen, J. E., Silk, J., & Criss, M. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193449 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“org psychopathology including both internalizing and externalizing issues (Heleniak et al., 2016; Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundZimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Gardner, A. A., Hawes, T., Masters, M. R., Waters, A. M., & Farrell, L. J. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025421995921 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“…of stress and coping, emotion regulation has been described as a transdiagnostic risk for many disorders that are amenable to intervention efforts (Compas et al., 2017; Dryman & Heimberg, 2018), and it is possible that emotion dysregulation positively covaries with rejection sensitivity in…”
BackgroundCorrelates of Cognitive Function in Sickle Cell Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Prussien, K. V., Siciliano, R. E., Ciriegio, A. E., Anderson, A. S., Sathanayagam, R., DeBaun, M. R., Jordan, L. C., & Compas, B. E. (2019) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsz100 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationCarreras, J., Carter, A., Heberle, A. E., Forbes, D., & Gray, S. A. O. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01471-z · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“While there is not yet enough longitudinal research to speak definitively about the direction of the relation between psychological distress and emotion regulation (Compas et al. 2017), there is theoretical and empirical suggestion that emotion regulation may be more proximal to parenting behaviors than psychopatholog…”
BackgroundChinese fathers' emotion socialization profiles and adolescents' emotion regulation
Wang, M., Liang, Y., Zhou, N., & Zou, H. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Mazefsky, C. A., Conner, C. M., Breitenfeldt, K. E., Leezenbaum, N. B., Chen, Q., Bylsma, L. M., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1955372 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“…in youth, as well as most psychiatric conditions across the lifespan, including mood disorders, eating disorders, substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, and autism spectrum disorder (Aldao et al., 2016; Cai et al., 2018; Compas et al., 2017; Naragon-Gainey et al., 2017; Sheppes et al., 2015).”
BackgroundCancer-Related Coping Processes as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms, Trajectories, and Episodes
Stanton, A., Wiley, J., Krull, J. L., Crespi, C. M., & Weihs, K. (2018) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000328 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“…demands perceived as taxing or exceeding a person’s resources (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Stanton, Kirk, Cameron, & DanoffBurg, 2000), coping processes are classified in a number of ways (Compas et al., 2017; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Roth & Cohen, 1986; Skinner, Edge, Altman, & Sherwood, 2003).”
Haag, A.-C., Bagrodia, R., & Bonanno, G. (2024) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-024-00483-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Successful ER has been linked to positive adjustment through the lifespan and promotes social and psychological functioning (reviewed in Compas et al., 2017; Zeman et al., 2006).”
BackgroundResultVacca, M., Cerolini, S., Zegretti, A., Zagaria, A., & Lombardo, C. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10121897 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“For example, the inability to effectively manage or regulate emotional responses to daily events can lead to stress, depression, or anxiety in youngsters [79–81], and vice versa [82,83].”
BackgroundO’Hara, K. L., Sandler, I. N., Wolchik, S. A., & Tein, J. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419000981 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“There is considerable evidence that children’s coping behaviors can be protective, leading to better adjustment for children who experience a wide range of stressors (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundResultShapero, B. G., Stange, J. P., McArthur, B. A., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2019) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1462148 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Thus, the development and use of emotion regulation strategies is particularly needed to mitigate maladaptive responses to depressive symptoms during adolescence (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundCai, R. Y., Hardan, A. Y., Phillips, J. M., Frazier, T. W., & Uljarević, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.693570 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Waterschoot, J., Morbée, S., Vermote, B., Brenning, K., Flamant, N., Vansteenkiste, M., & Soenens, B. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02623-5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Similarly, dysregulation is a risk factor for mental health problems during unpredictable periods because it leads to a sense of uncontrollability (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundBarcaccia, B., Cervin, M., Pozza, A., Medvedev, O. N., Baiocco, R., & Pallini, S. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01466-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Grummitt, L., Barrett, E., Kelly, E., & Newton, N. (2022) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s341818 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Yet in the long-term, the use of avoidance to cope with stressors appears to confer risk for psychiatric symptoms, including substance misuse.(83) For example, children exposed to abuse are more likely to attempt to flee from stressors.”
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Castro, W. P., González-Loyola, M., & Oyanadel, C. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17196984 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The absence of adaptive emotional control resources and the use of maladaptive strategies to cope with these emotional levels have been associated with the onset of emotional disorders in adolescence [14].”
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Ke, T., & Barlas, J. (2018) · Psychology and psychotherapy · doi:10.1111/papt.12202 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Disengagement strategies such as avoiding problems, interpersonal situations, and the emotions they trigger are, broadly speaking, the most common type of maladaptive coping associated with psychopathology (Aldao et al., 2010; Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMasters, M. R., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Farrell, L. J. (2018) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431618806053 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“There is also increasing evidence within the literature to suggest that adequate and adaptive emotion regulation is associated with greater psychosocial functioning and overall well-being, and that dysfunctional patterns of emotion regulation (or “dysregulation”) are etiologically related with symptoms of a number of…”
BackgroundZhang, Y.-C., Hu, Y., & Yu, M. (2024) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688241266184 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Adolescence plays a pivotal role in the development of learners’ emotional regulation abilities (Compas et al., 2017; H. H. Wang et al., 2023; J. Wang et al., 2021).”
Penner, F., Steinberg, L., & Sharp, C. (2022) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2022.2133722 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“In addition, the omission of the item, “When I’m upset, I believe that I’ll end up feeling very depressed” may help disentangle emotion regulation from feelings of depression, thus reducing artificial overlap with measures of depression that have been observed (Compas et al., 2017).”
BackgroundPerzow, S. E. D., Bray, B. C., Wadsworth, M. E., Young, J. F., & Hankin, B. L. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01398-z · Cited by 46 · see citing works
- Authors
- Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Bettis, A. H., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Dunbar, J. P., Williams, E., & Thigpen, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 939-991
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- PMC
- PMC7310319
- OpenAlex
- W2626086283
- Cited by
- 1,555
- References
- 396
- Citations by year
- 2026: 300 · 2025: 273 · 2024: 215 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 169 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 10.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH100258 and T32 MH018921)
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA118332)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DP3 DK097678)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Keywords
- coping, emotion regulation, child psychopathology, adolescent psychopathology, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, cognitive reappraisal, emotional expression, disengagement coping, emotional suppression, avoidance, denial, maladaptive coping, adaptive coping, informant effects, age differences
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Emotions, Humans
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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