Cited by 110Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Executive Functioning and Emotion Regulation in Children with and without ADHD

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Groves, Nicole B., Wells, Erica L., Soto, Elia F., Marsh, Carolyn L., Jaisle, Emma M., Harvey, T. Kathy, Kofler, Michael J.·2022·Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

DOI 10.1007/s10802-021-00883-0PMC PMC9091051

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Abstract

Difficulties with emotion regulation affect the majority of youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and predict greater functional impairment than ADHD symptoms alone. Deficits in executive functioning are also present for most children with ADHD, and have been linked with emotion regulation difficulties in both clinical and neurotypical populations throughout development. The current study was the first to assess all three core executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, set shifting) simultaneously in a clinically-diverse sample of children with and without ADHD and common comorbidities and investigate the extent to which they uniquely predict emotion dysregulation. A sample of 151 children ages 8-13 years (M = 10.36, SD = 1.52; 52 girls; 70.2% White/Non-Hispanic) were assessed using a criterion battery of executive functioning tasks, teacher-reported ADHD symptoms, and parent-reported emotion regulation. Results of the bias-corrected, bootstrapped conditional effects path model revealed that better-developed working memory predicted better emotion regulation (β = 0.23) and fewer ADHD symptoms (β = -0.21 to -0.37), that ADHD symptoms (β = -0.18 to -0.20) independently predicted emotion dysregulation, and that working memory exerted indirect effects on emotion regulation through both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity (β = 0.04-0.07). Sensitivity analyses indicated that these effects were generally robust to control for age, sex, executive function interrelations, and inclusion/exclusion of children with co-occurring ASD. These findings underscore the importance of working memory (relative to inhibitory control and set shifting) and its relations with ADHD symptoms for understanding children's emotion regulation skills, and may help explain the limited efficacy of first-line ADHD treatments, which do not target working memory, for improving emotion regulation skills.

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Authors: Groves, N. B., Wells, E. L., Soto, E. F., Marsh, C. L., Jaisle, E. M., Harvey, T. K., & Kofler, M. J.
Affiliations: Florida State University (US)
Florida International University (US)
Corresponding author: Kofler, Michael J.
ORCID: Groves, Nicole B.
Wells, Erica L.
Soto, Elia F.
Jaisle, Emma M.
Kofler, Michael J.
Venue: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-11-11
Volume: 50
Issue: 6
Pages: 721-735
ISSN: 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
2730-7166
2730-7174
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00883-0
PMC: PMC9091051
OpenAlex: W3212927816
Cited by: 110
References: 133
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6
FWCI: 6.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R34 MH102499)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive function, emotion regulation, emotional dysregulation, working memory, inhibitory control, set-shifting, ADHD symptoms, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, children, comorbidities, autism spectrum disorder
MeSH terms: Emotional Regulation, Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Female, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Executive Function

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Executive Functioning and Emotion Regulation in Children with and without ADHD

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