Social escape behaviors in children with fragile X syndrome
Abstract
Social escape behavior is a common behavioral feature of individuals with fragile X syndrome (fraX). In this observational study, we examined the effect of antecedent social and performance demands on problem behaviors in four conditions: face-to-face interview, silent reading, oral reading and a singing task. Results showed that problem behaviors were significantly more likely to occur during the interview and singing conditions. Higher levels of salivary cortisol were predictive of higher levels of fidgeting behavior and lower levels of eye contact in male participants. There were no associations between level of FMRP expression and social escape behaviors. These data suggest that specific antecedent biological and environmental factors evoke social escape behaviors in fragile X syndrome.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
(1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,071 · see citing works
Verkerk, A. J. M. H., Pieretti, M., Sutcliffe, J. S., Fu, Y.-H., Kuhl, D. P. A., Pizzuti, A., Reiner, O., Richards, S., Victoria, M. F., Zhang, F., et al. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90397-h · Cited by 3,481 · see citing works
American Journal of Mental Retardation
Staff (2008) · Encyclopedia of Special Education · doi:10.1002/9780470373699.speced0106 · Cited by 2,972 · see citing works
Handbook of infant development
Osofsky, J. D. (1979) · Cited by 2,270 · see citing works
Hagberg, B. A., Aicardi, J. F., Dias, K., & Ramos, O. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410140412 · Cited by 1,515 · see citing works
Theoretical Issues in Behavior Therapy
Reiss, S., & Bootzin, R. R. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,461 · see citing works
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR: A REVIEW
Hanley, G. P., Iwata, B. A., & McCord, B. E. (2003) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2003.36-147 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
THE FUNCTIONS OF SELF‐INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR: AN EXPERIMENTAL‐EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Iwata, B. A., Pace, G. M., Dorsey, M. F., Zarcone, J. R., Vollmer, T. R., Smith, R. G., Rodgers, T. A., Lerman, D. C., Shore, B. A., Mazaleski, J. L., et al. (1994) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1994.27-215 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CHOICE OF INTEROBSERVER RELIABILITY ESTIMATES
Hartmann, D. P. (1977) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1977.10-103 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Handbook of infant development
Vadasy, P. F. (1982) · Topics in Early Childhood Special Education · doi:10.1177/027112148200200212 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Analyzing Interaction: Sequential Analysis with SDIS and GSEQ
Bakeman, R. A., & Quera, V. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Derby, K. M., Wacker, D. P., Sasso, G. M., Steege, M. W., Northup, J., Cigrand, K., & Asmus, J. M. (1992) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1992.25-713 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON “SELF‐STIMULATORY” BEHAVIOR: ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT APPLICATION
Durand, V. M., & Carr, E. G. (1987) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1987.20-119 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Pelios, L. V., Morren, J., Tesch, D., & Axelrod, S. (1999) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1999.32-185 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Molecular Predictors of Cognitive Involvement in Female Carriers of Fragile X Syndrome
Taylor, A. K. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510310037035 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Behavioral observation : technology and applications in developmental disabilities
Thompson, T., Felce, D., & Symons, F. J. (2000) · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self‐injurious behavior in young boys with fragile X syndrome
Symons, F. J., Clark, R. D., Hatton, D. D., Skinner, M. L., & Bailey, D. B. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.10078 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Social gaze, social avoidance, and repetitive behavior in fragile X males: a controlled study.
Cohen, I. L., Fisch, G. S., Sudhalter, V., Wolf‐Schein, E. G., Hanson, D., Hagerman, R. J., Ec, J., & Brown, W. T. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Crawford, D. C., Meadows, K. L., Newman, J. L., Taft, L. F., Pettay, D., Gold, L. B., Hersey, S. J., Hinkle, E. F., Stanfield, M. L., Holmgreen, P., et al. (1999) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302260 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Reiss, A. L., & Dant, C. C. (2003) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579403000464 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationBehaviour problems in Angelman syndrome
Summers, J. A., Allison, D. B., Lynch, P. S., & Sandier, L. (1995) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00477.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Rapid antibody test for diagnosing fragile X syndrome: a validation of the technique
Willemsen, R., Smits, A., Mohkamsing, S., van Beerendonk, H. M., de Haan, A. F. J., de Vries, B., van den Ouweland, A. M. W., Sistermans, E. A., GALJAARD, H., & Oostra, B. A. (1997) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s004390050363 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Lesch‐Nyhan Disease: Clinical Experience with Nineteen Patients
Christie, R., Bay, C. A., Kaufman, I. A., et al. (1982) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1982.tb13621.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Cortisol and behavior in fragile X syndrome
Hessl, D., Glaser, B., Dyer-Friedman, J., Blasey, C., Hastie, T., Gunnar, M., & Reiss, A. L. (2002) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(01)00087-7 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioral Assessment of Social Anxiety in Females with Turner or Fragile X Syndrome
Lesniak-Karpiak, K., Mazzocco, M. M. M., & ROSS, J. L. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1022230504787 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The Spasmodic Upper‐body Squeeze: a Chalacteristic Behavior in Smith‐Magenis Syndrome
Finucane, B. M., Konar, D., Haas‐Givler, B., Kurtt, M. B., & Scott, C. I. (1994) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11770.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Lower Cortisol and Higher ACTH Levels in Individuals with Autism
Ćurin, J. M., Terzić, J., Petković, Z. B., Zekan, L., Marinovic‐Terzić, I., & Šušnjara, I. M. (2003) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1025019030121 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sackett, G. P. (1987) · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cohen, I. L., Vietze, P. M., Sudhalter, V., Jenkins, E. C., & Brown, W. T. (1991) · American Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320380271 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Severe Problem Behaviors Related to Social Interaction
Taylor, J. C., & Carr, E. G. (1992) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455920163002 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The social communicative basis of severe behavior problems in children.
Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (1985) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Behavioral contingencies and self-mutilation in Lesch-Nyhan disease.
Anderson, L. T., Dancis, J., & Alpert, M. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.46.3.529 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Behavioral contingencies and self-mutilation in Lesch-Nyhan disease.
Anderson, L. T., Dancis, J., & Alpert, M. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.46.3.529 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Oliver, C., Murphy, G., Crayton, L., & Corbett, J. (1993) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01066421 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-injurious behaviour in young children with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Hall, S. S., Oliver, C., & Murphy, G. (2001) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162201001360 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationAN ASSESSMENT OF ANTECEDENT EVENTS INFLUENCING NONCOMPLIANCE IN AN OUTPATIENT CLINIC
Call, N. A., Wacker, D. P., Ringdahl, J. E., Cooper, L., & Boelter, E. W. (2004) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2004.37-145 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ring Chromosome 20 Mosaicism in a Girl with Complex Partial Seizures
Holopainen, I. E., Penttinen, M. T., Lakkata, T., & Äärimaa, T. (1994) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11768.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Bodfish, J. W., & Lewis, M. H. (2002) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10457-002 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSES OF GENE‐BRAIN‐BEHAVIOR RELATIONS: SOME NOTES ON THEIR APPLICATION
Kennedy, C. H., Caruso, M., & Thompson, T. I. (2001) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2001.34-539 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Prader-Willi syndrome in New Zealand: a survey of 36 affected people.
Thornton, L., & Dawson, K. P. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL PROXIMITY ON MULTIPLE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS
Oliver, C., Oxener, G., Hearn, M., et al. (2001) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2001.34-85 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Orsmond, G. I., Seltzer, M. M., Krauss, M. W., & Hong, J. (2003) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2003)108
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effects of intranasal oxytocin on social anxiety in males with fragile X syndrome
Hall, S. S., Lightbody, A. A., McCarthy, B. E., Parker, K. J., & Reiss, A. L. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.020 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationGene, brain, and behavior relationships in fragile X syndrome: Evidence from neuroimaging studies
Lightbody, A. A., & Reiss, A. L. (2009) · Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/ddrr.77 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationAberrant Brain Activation During Gaze Processing in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome
Watson, C., Hoeft, F., Garrett, A. S., Hall, S. S., & Reiss, A. L. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.11.1315 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationHolsen, L. M., Dalton, K. M., Johnstone, T., & Davidson, R. J. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.08.009 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Autonomic regulation in fragile X syndrome
Heilman, K. J., Harden, E. R., Zageris, D. M., Berry‐Kravis, E., & Porges, S. W. (2011) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20551 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Behavioral Intervention for Problem Behavior in Children With Fragile X Syndrome
Moskowitz, L. J., Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (2011) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-116.6.457 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hall, S., DeBernardis, M., & Reiss, A.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, Scott
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2006-08-01
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 935-947
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2141730098
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Fragile X Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-50047, MH01142, K02MH001142, R01MH050047)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Williams Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- fragile X syndrome, behavioral problems, salivary cortisol, fidgeting, eye contact, reading aloud, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Escape Reaction, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Fragile X Syndrome, Humans, Male, Social Behavior, Observer Variation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review