Cited by 229Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentFace Recognition and Perception

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

How Easy is it to Read the Minds of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Open access

Sheppard, Elizabeth, Pillai, Dhanya, Wong, Genevieve Tze-Lynn, Ropar, Danielle, Mitchell, Peter·2016·Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

DOI 10.1007/s10803-015-2662-8

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

How well can neurotypical adults' interpret mental states in people with ASD? 'Targets' (ASD and neurotypical) reactions to four events were video-recorded then shown to neurotypical participants whose task was to identify which event the target had experienced. In study 1 participants were more successful for neurotypical than ASD targets. In study 2, participants rated ASD targets equally expressive as neurotypical targets for three of the events, while in study 3 participants gave different verbal descriptions of the reactions of ASD and neurotypical targets. It thus seems people with ASD react differently but not less expressively to events. Because neurotypicals are ineffective in interpreting the behaviour of those with ASD, this could contribute to the social difficulties in ASD.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s10803-015-2662-8

Cites

22 of 22 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.
Carter, M. J. (2014) · Therapeutic Recreation Journal · Cited by 15,154
Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind” ?
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8 · Cited by 8,599
Another Advanced Test of Theory of Mind: Evidence from Very High Functioning Adults with Autism or Asperger Syndrome
Baron‐Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson, M. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01599.x · Cited by 1,970
On measuring performance in category judgment studies of nonverbal behavior
Wagner, H. L. (1993) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf00987006 · Cited by 466
Cognitive theories of autism
Rajendran, G., & Mitchell, P. (2007) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.02.001 · Cited by 436
Self-citation
Recognition and Expression of Emotional Cues by Autistic and Normal Adults
Macdonald, H., Rutter, M. L., Howlin, P., Rios, P., Conteur, A. L., Evered, C., & Folstein, S. E. (1989) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00288.x · Cited by 253
Emotional competence in children with autism: Diagnostic criteria and empirical evidence
Begeer, S., Koot, H. M., Rieffe, C. J., Terwogt, M. M., & Stegge, H. (2008) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.09.001 · Cited by 212
Mentalizing under Uncertainty: Dissociated Neural Responses to Ambiguous and Unambiguous Mental State Inferences
Jenkins, A. C., & Mitchell, J. P. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp109 · Cited by 183

Show all 22 references

Sorted by citations

Making the future together: Shaping autism research through meaningful participation
Fletcher-Watson, S., Adams, J., Brook, K., Charman, T., Crane, L., Cusack, J., Leekam, S., Milton, D., Parr, J. R., & Pellicano, E. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318786721 · Cited by 776
Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science
Pellicano, E., & den Houting, J. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13534 · Cited by 744
Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments
Sasson, N. J., Faso, D. J., Nugent, J., Lovell, S., Kennedy, D. P., & Grossman, R. B. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep40700 · Cited by 584
Autistic peer-to-peer information transfer is highly effective
Crompton, C. J., Ropar, D., Evans-Williams, C. V., Flynn, E. G., & Fletcher-Watson, S. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320919286 · Cited by 524
Self-citation
‘People should be allowed to do what they like’: Autistic adults’ views and experiences of stimming
Kapp, S. K., Steward, R., Crane, L., Elliott, D., Elphick, C., Pellicano, E., & Russell, G. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319829628 · Cited by 495
‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality
Camm-Crosbie, L., Bradley, L., Shaw, R., Baron-Cohen, S., & Cassidy, S. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318816053 · Cited by 415
“, 2014b) but neurotypical adults may also have difficulty interpreting autistic peoples’ behaviour (Sheppard et al., 2016).”
Background
‘I never realised everybody felt as happy as I do when I am around autistic people’: a thematic analysis of autistic adults’ relationships with autistic and neurotypical friends and family
Crompton, C. J., Hallett, S., Ropar, D., Flynn, E., & Fletcher-Watson, S. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320908976 · Cited by 351
Self-citation
Is Camouflaging Autistic Traits Associated with Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours? Expanding the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide in an Undergraduate Student Sample
Cassidy, S., Gould, K., Townsend, E., Pelton, M., Robertson, A., & Rodgers, J. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04323-3 · Cited by 372
The ‘double empathy problem’: Ten years on
Milton, D., Gurbuz, E., & Lopez, B. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221129123 · Cited by 281
Neurodivergent intersubjectivity: Distinctive features of how autistic people create shared understanding
Heasman, B., & Gillespie, A. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318785172 · Cited by 316
First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers
Sasson, N. J., & Morrison, K. E. (2017) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361317729526 · Cited by 314
Neurotype-Matching, but Not Being Autistic, Influences Self and Observer Ratings of Interpersonal Rapport
Crompton, C. J., Sharp, M., Axbey, H., Fletcher‐Watson, S., Flynn, E., & Ropar, D. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586171 · Cited by 299
Self-citation
Autism and the double empathy problem: Implications for development and mental health
Mitchell, P., Sheppard, E., & Cassidy, S. (2021) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12350 · Cited by 311
Self-citation
Outcomes of real-world social interaction for autistic adults paired with autistic compared to typically developing partners
Morrison, K. E., DeBrabander, K. M., Jones, D. R., Faso, D. J., Ackerman, R. A., & Sasson, N. J. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319892701 · Cited by 233
Autism and empathy: What are the real links?
Fletcher-Watson, S., & Bird, G. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361319883506 · Cited by 226
Neurodiversity Studies: A New Critical Paradigm
(2020) · doi:10.4324/9780429322297 · Cited by 211
Profound Concerns about “Profound Autism”: Dangers of Severity Scales and Functioning Labels for Support Needs
Kapp, S. K. (2023) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci13020106 · Cited by 169
What do new findings about social interaction in autistic adults mean for neurodevelopmental research?
Davis, R., & Crompton, C. J. (2021) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620958010 · Cited by 136
Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults
Morrison, K. E., DeBrabander, K. M., Faso, D. J., & Sasson, N. J. (2019) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361318824104 · Cited by 129
Automatic Recognition of Posed Facial Expression of Emotion in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Manfredonia, J., Bangerter, A., Manyakov, N. V., Ness, S. L., Lewin, D., Skalkin, A., Boice, M., Goodwin, M. S., Dawson, G., Hendren, R. L., et al. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3757-9 · Cited by 108
Self-reported camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults during everyday social interactions
Cook, J. M., Crane, L., Hull, L., Bourne, L., & Mandy, W. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211026754 · Cited by 129
Social Cognition, Social Skill, and Social Motivation Minimally Predict Social Interaction Outcomes for Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults
Morrison, K. E., DeBrabander, K. M., Jones, D. R., Ackerman, R. A., & Sasson, N. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591100 · Cited by 108
Applications of identity-based theories to understand the impact of stigma and camouflaging on mental health outcomes for autistic people
Rivera, R. A., & Bennetto, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1243657 · Cited by 128
Mutual (Mis)understanding: Reframing Autistic Pragmatic “Impairments” Using Relevance Theory
Williams, G., Wharton, T., & Jagoe, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616664 · Cited by 104
Do First Impressions of Autistic Adults Differ Between Autistic and Nonautistic Observers?
DeBrabander, K. M., Morrison, K. E., Jones, D. R., Faso, D. J., Chmielewski, M., & Sasson, N. J. (2019) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2019.0018 · Cited by 117
Trust in Social Media: Enhancing Social Relationships
Hatamleh, I. H. M., Safori, A. O., Habes, M., Tahat, O. M., Ahmad, A. K., Abdallah, R. A.-Q., & Aissani, R. A. (2023) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci12070416 · Cited by 147
Autistic adults have poorer quality healthcare and worse health based on self-report data
Weir, E. M., Allison, C. L., & Baron‐Cohen, S. (2022) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-022-00501-w · Cited by 112
Social identities and mental well-being in autistic adults
Maitland-Warne, C., Rhodes, S., O'Hare, A. E., & Stewart, M. E. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211004328 · Cited by 96
Psychosocial factors associated with camouflaging in autistic people and its relationship with mental health and well-being: A mixed methods systematic review
Zhuang, S., Tan, D. W., Reddrop, S., Dean, L., Maybery, M., & Magiati, I. (2023) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102335 · Cited by 90
Camouflaging in an everyday social context: An interpersonal recall study
Cook, J., Crane, L., Bourne, L., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361321992641 · Cited by 78
“It also likely reflects non-autistic people’s difficulties understanding autistic social communication (Crompton et al., 2020; Edey et al., 2016; Sheppard et al., 2016) and the consequent need experienced by autistic people to change their social behaviour and presentation so as to facilitate effective communication d…”
Background
Peer preferences and characteristics of same-group and cross-group social interactions among autistic and non-autistic adolescents
Chen, Y.-L., Senande, L. L., Thorsen, M., & Patten, K. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613211005918 · Cited by 161
Is There a Link Between Autistic People Being Perceived Unfavorably and Having a Mind That Is Difficult to Read?
Alkhaldi, R. S., Sheppard, E., & Mitchell, P. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04101-1 · Cited by 81
Self-citation
Ameliorating the disadvantage for autistic job seekers: An initial evaluation of adapted employment interview questions
Maras, K., Norris, J. E., Nicholson, J., Heasman, B., Remington, A., & Crane, L. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320981319 · Cited by 89
Investigating Markers of Rapport in Autistic and Nonautistic Interactions
Rifai, O., Fletcher-Watson, S., Jiménez-Sánchez, L., & Crompton, C. J. (2021) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2021.0017 · Cited by 70
‘Sometimes you just need someone to take a chance on you’: An internship programme for autistic graduates at Deutsche Bank, UK
Remington, A., & Pellicano, E. (2019) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2018.66 · Cited by 74
Measurement Properties of the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised in Autistic Adults
Cassidy, S., Bradley, L., Cogger-Ward, H., Shaw, R., Bowen, E., Glod, M., Baron‐Cohen, S., & Rodgers, J. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04431-5 · Cited by 78
Seeing is Disliking: Evidence of Bias Against Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Traditional Job Interviews
Whelpley, C. E., & May, C. P. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05432-2 · Cited by 65
Double Empathy
Milton, D. E. M., Heasman, B., & Sheppard, E. (2018) · Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102273-1 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Autism voices: Perspectives of the needs, challenges, and hopes for the future of autistic youth
Tesfaye, R., Courchesne, V., Mirenda, P., Mitchell, W., Nicholas, D. B., Singh, I., Zwaigenbaum, L., & Elsabbagh, M. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221132108 · Cited by 57
“The real thing I struggle with is other people’s perceptions”: the experiences of autistic performing arts professionals and attitudes of performing arts employers in the UK
Buckley, E., Pellicano, E., & Remington, A. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04517-0 · Cited by 49
Relationships between alexithymia, interoception, and emotional empathy in autism spectrum disorder
Butera, C. D., Harrison, L., Kilroy, E., Jayashankar, A., Shipkova, M., Pruyser, A., & Aziz‐Zadeh, L. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221111310 · Cited by 50
Exploring the autistic and police perspectives of the custody process through a participative walkthrough
Holloway-George, C. A., Munro, N., Jackson, J., Phillips, S., & Ropar, D. (2019) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103545 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Non-autistic observers both detect and demonstrate the double empathy problem when evaluating interactions between autistic and non-autistic adults
Jones, D. R., Botha, M., Ackerman, R. A., King, K., & Sasson, N. J. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613231219743 · Cited by 61
‘Maybe we just seem like easy targets’: A qualitative analysis of autistic adults’ experiences of interpersonal violence
Gibbs, V., & Pellicano, E. (2023) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221150375 · Cited by 53
A Primer on Neurodiversity-Affirming Speech and Language Services for Autistic Individuals
Gaddy, C., & Crow, H. (2023) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2023_persp-23-00106 · Cited by 51
Neurotypical individuals fail to understand action vitality form in children with autism spectrum disorder
Casartelli, L., Federici, A., Fumagalli, L., Cesareo, A., Nicoli, M., Ronconi, L., Vitale, A., Molteni, M., Rizzolatti, G., & Sinigaglia, C. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2011311117 · Cited by 42
Autistic People's Experience of Empathy and the Autistic Empathy Deficit Narrative
Kimber, L., Verrier, D. B., & Connolly, S. (2023) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0001 · Cited by 54
Information transfer within and between autistic and non-autistic people
Crompton, C. J., Foster, S. J., Wilks, C. E. H., Dodd, M., Efthimiou, T. N., Ropar, D., Sasson, N. J., Lages, M., & Fletcher‐Watson, S. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02163-z · Cited by 45
Self-citation
An Expert Discussion on Autism and Empathy
Nicolaidis, C., Milton, D. E. M., Sasson, N. J., Sheppard, E., & Yergeau, M. (2018) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2018.29000.cjn · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Empathic Accuracy and Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Young Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
McKenzie, K., Russell, A., Golm, D., & Fairchild, G. F. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05093-7 · Cited by 43
Neurodiversity in a neurotypical world
Jurgens, A. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429322297-8 · Cited by 36
Do Neurotypical People Like or Dislike Autistic People?
Alkhaldi, R. S., Sheppard, E., Burdett, E., & Mitchell, P. (2021) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2020.0059 · Cited by 36
Self-citation
Overcoming the Double Empathy Problem Within Pairs of Autistic and Non-autistic Adults Through the Contemplation of Serious Literature
Chapple, M., Davis, P. M., Billington, J., Myrick, J. A., Ruddock, C., & Corcoran, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708375 · Cited by 47
Do you feel me? Autism, empathic accuracy and the double empathy problem
Cheang, R., Skjevling, M., Blakemore, A. I. F., Kumari, V., & Puzzo, I. (2024) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613241252320 · Cited by 35
Autism and Employment Challenges: The Double Empathy Problem and Perceptions of an Autistic Employee in the Workplace
Szechy, K. A., Turk, P. D., & O’Donnell, L. A. (2023) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0046 · Cited by 43
Greater Social Interest Between Autistic and Non-autistic Conversation Partners Following Autism Acceptance Training for Non-autistic People
Jones, D. R., Morrison, K. E., DeBrabander, K. M., Ackerman, R. A., Pinkham, A. E., & Sasson, N. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.739147 · Cited by 36
Deconstructing Diagnosis: Four Commentaries on a Diagnostic Tool to Assess Individuals for Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Timimi, S. B., Milton, D. E. M., Bovell, V., Kapp, S. K., & Russell, G. (2019) · PubMed · Cited by 36
University Students’ Notion of Autism Spectrum Conditions: A Cross-Cultural Study
de Vries, M., Cader, S., Colleer, L., Batteux, E., Yasdiman, M. B., Tan, Y. J., & Sheppard, E. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04343-z · Cited by 37
Self-citation
Participants over-estimate how helpful they are in a two-player game scenario toward an artificial confederate that discloses a diagnosis of autism
Heasman, B., & Gillespie, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01349 · Cited by 31
Autism and the ‘double empathy problem’
Milton, D., Waldock, K., & Keates, N. (2023) · Conversations on Empathy · doi:10.4324/9781003189978-6
Review: Posed vs. Genuine Facial Emotion Recognition and Expression in Autism and Implications for Intervention
Webster, P. J., Wang, S., & Li, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653112 · Cited by 33
“Not a cookie cutter situation”: how neurodivergent students experience group work in their STEM courses
Salvatore, S., White, C., & Podowitz‐Thomas, S. (2024) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-024-00508-0 · Cited by 43
Empathy and Prosocial Behavior in Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review
Orm, S., Vatne, T. M., Tomeny, T. S., & Fjermestad, K. W. (2021) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-021-00251-0 · Cited by 30
Theory of autistic mind: A renewed relevance theoretic perspective on so-called autistic pragmatic ‘impairment’
Williams, G. (2021) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2021.04.032 · Cited by 23
“I'm Human After All”: Autism, Trauma, and Affective Empathy
Hume, R., & Burgess, H. (2021) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2020.0013 · Cited by 27
Is camouflaging autistic traits associated with defeat, entrapment, and lifetime suicidal thoughts? Expanding the Integrated Motivational Volitional Model of Suicide
Cassidy, S., McLaughlin, E., McGranaghan, R., Pelton, M., O’Connor, R. C., & Rodgers, J. (2023) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12965 · Cited by 33
Being facially expressive is socially advantageous
Kavanagh, E., Whitehouse, J., & Waller, B. M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62902-6 · Cited by 28
Change of autism narrative is required to improve employment of autistic people
Djela, M. (2021) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-11-2019-0041 · Cited by 26
A systematic review of autistic children’s prosocial behaviour
Ryan-Enright, T., O’Connor, R., Bramham, J., & Taylor, L. K. (2022) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2022.102023 · Cited by 29
A systematic review of the rates of depression in autistic children and adolescents without intellectual disability
Stewart, T. M., Martin, K., Fazi, M., Oldridge, J., Piper, A., & Rhodes, S. M. (2022) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12366 · Cited by 25
Diagnostic Disclosure and Social Marginalisation of Adults with ASD: Is There a Relationship and What Mediates It?
O’Connor, C., Burke, J., & Rooney, B. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04239-y · Cited by 25
Characteristics, Early Development and Outcome of Parent-Reported Regression in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Boterberg, S., Coster, R. V., & Roeyers, H. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-019-04183-x · Cited by 24
Sensor-Based Technology for Social Information Processing in Autism: A Review
Kowallik, A. E., & Schweinberger, S. R. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19214787 · Cited by 24
The double empathy problem, camouflage, and the value of expertise from experience
Mitchell, P., Cassidy, S., & Sheppard, E. (2019) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x18002212 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Metaperception in Adolescents With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Usher, L. V., Burrows, C. A., Messinger, D. S., & Henderson, H. A. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3356-1 · Cited by 23
Rapport in same and mixed neurotype groups of autistic and non-autistic adults
Foster, S. J., Ackerman, R. A., Wilks, C. E. H., Dodd, M., Calderon, R. M., Ropar, D., Fletcher‐Watson, S., Crompton, C. J., & Sasson, N. J. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251320444 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Brief Report: Sentencing Outcomes for Offenders on the Autism Spectrum
Foster, T. R., & Young, R. L. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05212-4 · Cited by 27
Facial Affect Differences in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults Across Contexts and Their Relationship to First-Impression Formation
Foster, S. J., Jones, D. R., Pinkham, A. E., & Sasson, N. J. (2024) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0199 · Cited by 21
Toward feeling, understanding, and caring: The development of empathy in young autistic children
Li, B., Blijd-Hoogewys, E. M. A., Stockmann, L., Vergari, I., & Rieffe, C. J. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221117955 · Cited by 27
Towards a concept of embodied autonomy: In what ways can a patient’s body contribute to the autonomy of medical decisions?
Lewis, J., & Holm, S. (2023) · Medicine Health Care and Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s11019-023-10159-7 · Cited by 21
Physiological responses to affiliation during conversation: Comparing neurotypical males and males with Asperger syndrome
Stevanovic, M., Henttonen, P., Koskinen, E., Peräkylä, A., von-Wendt, T. N., Sihvola, E., Tani, P., Ravaja, N., & Sams, M. E. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222084 · Cited by 19
An Investigation of Behavioural and Self-Reported Cognitive Empathy Deficits in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Adolescents With Behavioural Difficulties
Vilas, S. P., Reniers, R., & Ludlow, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.717877 · Cited by 19
Emoji Identification and Emoji Effects on Sentence Emotionality in ASD-Diagnosed Adults and Neurotypical Controls
Hand, C. J., Kennedy, A., Filik, R., Pitchford, M., & Robus, C. M. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05557-4 · Cited by 26
Kids Across the Spectrums
Alper, M. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14152.001.0001 · Cited by 18
Neurodiversity and double empathy: can empathy disconnects be mitigated to support autistic belonging?
Finke, E. H., & Dunn, D. H. (2023) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2023.2295802 · Cited by 22
Brief Report: Adults with Autism are Less Accurate at Predicting How Their Personality Traits are Evaluated by Unfamiliar Observers
Sasson, N. J., Morrison, K. E., Pinkham, A. E., Faso, D. J., & Chmielewski, M. S. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3487-z · Cited by 23
Commentary on Autism and the double‐empathy problem: Implications for development and mental health
López, B. (2022) · British Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjdp.12410 · Cited by 17
Enhanced neural synchronization during social communications between dyads with high autistic traits
Peng, X., Li, T., Liu, G., Ni, W., & Li, Y. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae027 · Cited by 18
Does “mentoring” offer effective support to autistic adults? A mixed-methods pilot study
Martin, N. C., Milton, D. E. M., Sims, T., Dawkins, G., Baron‐Cohen, S., & Mills, R. (2017) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-06-2017-0013 · Cited by 16
Double Empathy
Milton, D. E. M., Heasman, B., & Sheppard, E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102273-2 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
A systematic review and meta-analysis of empathy in autism: The influence of measures
Cusson, N., Meilleur, A., Bernhardt, B. C., Soulières, I., & Mottron, L. (2025) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102623 · Cited by 20
I see you, you see me: the impact of social presence on social interaction processes in autistic and non-autistic people
Freeth, M., & Morgan, E. J. (2023) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0479 · Cited by 15
Filled Pauses Produced by Autistic Adults Differ in Prosodic Realisation, but not Rate or Lexical Type
Wehrle, S., Grice, M., & Vogeley, K. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-06000-y · Cited by 14
Challenging Empathic Deficit Models of Autism Through Responses to Serious Literature
Chapple, M., Davis, P. M., Billington, J., Williams, S., & Corcoran, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.828603 · Cited by 26
Social motor synchrony and interactive rapport in autistic, non-autistic, and mixed-neurotype dyads
Efthimiou, T. N., Wilks, C. E. H., Foster, S. J., Dodd, M., Sasson, N. J., Ropar, D., Lages, M., Fletcher‐Watson, S., & Crompton, C. J. (2025) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613251319585 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Are Extended Reality Interventions Effective in Helping Autistic Children to Enhance Their Social Skills? A Systematic Review
Roberts, R., Stacey, J., Jenner, S., & Maguire, E. (2022) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-022-00320-y · Cited by 18
Seeing past different signals in the job interview: information improves ratings of candidates on the autism spectrum
Comer, D. R., Lenaghan, J. A., & Motro, D. (2023) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-12-2022-0334 · Cited by 13
“I Wish They'd Just Let Us Be.” Experiences of Indian Autistic Individuals Around Stimming Behaviors at the Workplace
Sagar, E., Khera, S. N., & Garg, N. (2023) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2022.0096 · Cited by 13
Explaining Variance in Social Symptoms of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Alkire, D. R., Warnell, K. R., Kirby, L., Moraczewski, D., & Redcay, E. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04598-x · Cited by 16
A Scoping Review of Autism and the Way It Changes the Presentation of Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior Compared to the General Population
Cleary, M. L., West, S., McLean, L., Hunt, G. E., Hungerford, C. L., & Kornhaber, R. A. (2022) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2022.2132329 · Cited by 12

Authors: Sheppard, E., Pillai, D., Wong, G. T.-L., Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P.
Affiliations: University of Nottingham (GB)
University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus (MY)
Corresponding author: Sheppard, Elizabeth
ORCID: Sheppard, Elizabeth
Ropar, Danielle
Mitchell, Peter
Venue: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-11-24
Volume: 46
Issue: 4
Pages: 1247-1254
ISSN: 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
1573-3432
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2662-8
OpenAlex: W2175842555
Cited by: 229
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 3.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
nottingham-repository.worktribe.com
Licence: cc-by
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Bradford Scholars (University of Bradford) (submittedVersion)
Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, theory of mind, social cognition, facial expressions, emotional expression
MeSH terms: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Emotions, Facial Expression, Humans, Male, Nonverbal Communication, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How Easy is it to Read the Minds of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks