Executive Function: Cognition and Behaviour in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
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Studies of executive function (EF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported mixed findings. Possible confounds include EF domain assessed and co-occurring neurodevelopmental diagnoses. EF task performance across multiple domains and everyday function of autistic adults (n = 110) was significantly different to age- and IQ-matched controls (n = 31). Although significantly more likely to fall into the clinically impaired range, 35.8% of the ASD group showed no impairment on EF measures. Factor analysis revealed a single unifying EF construct rather than a selective pattern of impairment. Dysexecutive behaviours were frequently reported in the ASD group, unrelated to Autism symptoms, EF task performance or co-occurring conditions. This study suggests autistic adults can experience clinically significant executive function difficulties and co-occuring dysexecutive behaviours that are disabling in everyday life.
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Other mental health strategies may require sustained attention, focus and out-of-session practice to maximize effectiveness, which may be challenging for autistic adults who often have co-occurring executive functioning difficulties.
“Other strategies may require sustained attention, focus and out-of-session practice to maximize effectiveness, which may be challenging for autistic adults who often have cooccurring executive functioning difficulties (Johnston et al., 2019).”
From A mixed methods study of autistic adults' mental health therapy experiences (2023) · cites this paper as Johnston et al., 2019
The Discussion (Future Research and Conclusions; page unavailable) reports functionally impairing executive difficulties in autistic adults and recommends scaffolding psychosocial interventions to account for them. It does not establish that other strategies require sustained attention, focus, or out-of-session practice to maximize effectiveness. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAutistic adults who have problems with attention and concentration may need additional supports to facilitate focused awareness.
“Autistic adults who have problems with attention and concentration (Johnston et al., 2019) may need additional supports to facilitate focussed awareness.”
From A mixed methods study of autistic adults' mental health therapy experiences (2023) · cites this paper as Johnston et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Johnston, K., Murray, K., Spain, D., Walker, I., & Russell, A.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Bath (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Russell, Ailsa
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2019-07-08
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4181-4192
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC6751156
- OpenAlex
- W2960029572
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 6.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- executive function, autism spectrum disorder, autistic adults, daily functioning, executive dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Executive Function
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