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Executive Function: Cognition and Behaviour in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Open accessAbstract
Studies of executive function (EF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported mixed findings. Possible confounds include EF domain assessed and co-occurring neurodevelopmental diagnoses. EF task performance across multiple domains and everyday function of autistic adults (n = 110) was significantly different to age- and IQ-matched controls (n = 31). Although significantly more likely to fall into the clinically impaired range, 35.8% of the ASD group showed no impairment on EF measures. Factor analysis revealed a single unifying EF construct rather than a selective pattern of impairment. Dysexecutive behaviours were frequently reported in the ASD group, unrelated to Autism symptoms, EF task performance or co-occurring conditions. This study suggests autistic adults can experience clinically significant executive function difficulties and co-occuring dysexecutive behaviours that are disabling in everyday life.
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“Other strategies may require sustained attention, focus and out-of-session practice to maximize effectiveness, which may be challenging for autistic adults who often have cooccurring executive functioning difficulties (Johnston et al., 2019).”
From A mixed methods study of autistic adults' mental health therapy experiences (2023) · cites this paper as Johnston et al., 2019
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“Autistic adults who have problems with attention and concentration (Johnston et al., 2019) may need additional supports to facilitate focussed awareness.”
From A mixed methods study of autistic adults' mental health therapy experiences (2023) · cites this paper as Johnston et al., 2019
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
A review of executive functioning challenges and strengths in autistic adults
John, T. S., Woods, S. E. O., Bode, T., Ritter, C., & Estes, A. M. (2021) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2021.1971767 · Cited by 79
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BackgroundResultInfluentialGhanouni, P., Quirke, S., Blok, J., & Casey, A. (2021) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104085 · Cited by 64
Hajri, M., Abbes, Z. S., Yahia, H. B., Jelili, S., Halayem, S., Mrabet, A., & Bouden, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917121 · Cited by 57
“The latter require, among other factors, self-mentoring skills and response initiation, which are impaired in patients with ASD (30).”
BackgroundDeng, J., Lei, T., & Du, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1269462 · Cited by 50
“Specifically, EF has implications not just for learning and task execution (Hill, 2004a), but it also further impairs abilities related to social adaptation and independent living (Merchán-Naranjo et al., 2016; Johnston et al., 2019).”
BackgroundAccounting for the preference for literal meanings in autism spectrum conditions
Vicente, A., & Falkum, I. L. (2021) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/mila.12371 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Johnston, K., Murray, K., Spain, D., Walker, I., & Russell, A.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Bath (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Russell, Ailsa
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2019-07-08
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4181-4192
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- PMC
- PMC6751156
- OpenAlex
- W2960029572
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 6.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- executive function, autism spectrum disorder, autistic adults, daily functioning, executive dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Executive Function
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