The biological embedding of early experience and its effects on health in adulthood

HERTZMAN, CLYDE

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08107.x

Cited by 631Health disparities and outcomesBirth, Development, and HealthChild Abuse and Trauma

The biological embedding of early experience and its effects on health in adulthood

HERTZMAN, CLYDE·1999·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08107.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Explanations of the socioeconomic gradient in health status must account for the observations that the gradient cuts across a wide range of disease processes and is capable of replicating itself on new disease processes as they emerge in society. Understanding this pattern requires an understanding of how human organisms can become generally vulnerable or resilient to disease over time: a huge collation task across different disciplines. The hypothesis that best fits current evidence is that the gradient is an "emergent property" of the interaction between the developmental status of people and the material and psychosocial conditions they encounter over their life course. Within this broad formulation, special attention is given to child development, and the prospect that socioeconomic differences in the quality of early life experiences contribute to subsequent gradients in health status through socioeconomic differences in brain sculpting and the conditioning of host defense systems that depend on communication with the developing brain. The contribution to the gradient in health is theorized to occur through a combination of latent effects, pathway effects, and cumulative disadvantage.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08107.x

Cites

31 of 31 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

These processes enable ACEs to be biologically embedded in body and brain, thereby increasing risk for FND and for other functional, medical, and mental health disorders.
“These processes enable ACEs to be biologically embedded in body and brain, thereby increasing risk for FND and for other functional, medical, and mental health disorders [38,117,118].”
From Illness-Promoting Psychological Processes in Children and Adolescents with Functional Neurological Disorder (2023) · cites this paper as [118]
Socioeconomic differences in the quality of early life create cumulative disadvantage that contribute to gradients in health status.
“Meanwhile, socioeconomic differences in the quality of early life create “cumulative disadvantage” that contribute to gradients in health status [37].”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
This evidence supports the biological embedding hypothesis, which links early life adversity to addictive behaviors.
“This evidence supports the biological embedding hypothesis [124] which links ELA to addictive behaviors [125].”
From Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint (2020) · cites this paper as [124]

Making Democracy Work
Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nanetti, R. Y. (1994) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400820740 · Cited by 7,889 · see citing works
Social capital, income inequality, and mortality.
Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B. P., Lochner, K., & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.9.1491 · Cited by 3,212 · see citing works
Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits
Lupien, S. J., de Leon, M., de Santi, S., Convit, A., Tarshish, C., Nair, N. P. V., Thakur, M., McEwen, B. S., Hauger, R. L., & Meaney, M. J. (1998) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/271 · Cited by 1,653 · see citing works
Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: analysis of mortality and potential pathways
Kaplan, G. A., Pamuk, E. R., Lynch, J. W., Cohen, R. D., & Balfour, J. L. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7037.999 · Cited by 1,234 · see citing works
The Role of Social Relations in Health Promotion
Berkman, L. F. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199505000-00006 · Cited by 1,233 · see citing works
Significant Benefits: The High/Scope Perry Preschool Study Through Age 27
Schweinhart, L. J., Barnes, H., Weikart, D. P., & Ypsilanti, M. (1993) · Cited by 1,217 · see citing works
Income distribution and life expectancy.
Wilkinson, R. G. (1992) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.304.6820.165 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
World Development Report 1993
Bank, W. (1993) · doi:10.1596/978-0-1952-0890-0 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
Socioeconomic determinants of health: Health inequalities: relative or absolute material standards?
Wilkinson, R. G. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7080.591 · Cited by 888 · see citing works
Cumulative Impact of Sustained Economic Hardship on Physical, Cognitive, Psychological, and Social Functioning
Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., & Shema, S. J. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199712253372606 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
Developmental catch-up, and deficit, following adoption after severe global early privation. English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team.
Rutter, M. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00343 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1992) · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Developmental catch-up, and deficit, following adoption after severe global early privation. English and Romanian Adoptees (ERA) Study Team.
Rutter, M. L. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Developmental catch-up, and deficit, following adoption after severe global early privation
Rutter, M. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/s0021963098002236 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: prospective observational study
Smith, G. D., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C. R., & Hawthorne, V. M. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7080.547 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989.
McDonough, P., Duncan, G. J., Williams, D. R., & House, J. S. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.9.1476 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
The search for the age of ‘onset’ of physical aggression: Rousseau and Bandura revisited
Tremblay, R. E., Japel, C., Pérusse, D., McDuff, P., Boivin, M., Zoccolillo, M., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (1999) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.288 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease
Power, C., & Hertzman, C. (1997) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011601 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Self-citation
Child development and long-term outcomes: A population health perspective and summary of successful interventions
Hertzman, C., & Wiens, M. (1996) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(96)00028-7 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Contribution of Neighborhood and Family Income to Developmental Test Scores over the First Three Years of Life
Klebanov, P. K., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., MCCARTON, C. M., & McCormick, M. C. (1998) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06221.x · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men
Wannamethee, S. G., Whincup, P. H., Shaper, G., & Walker, M. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)02465-8 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Prevention of Intellectual Disabilities: Early Interventions to Improve Cognitive Development
Ramey, C. T., & Ramey, S. L. (1998) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.1998.0279 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
HEALTH INEQUALITIES IN BRITAIN AND SWEDEN
Vågerö, D., & Lundberg, O. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90266-3 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: a prospective study.
Gliksman, M., Kawachi, I. I., Hunter, D., Colditz, G. A., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., Willett, W. C., & Hennekens, C. H. (1995) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.49.1.10 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Patterns of Boys' Social Adjustment in Two Cultures and at Different Ages: A Longitudinal Perspective
Pulkkinen, L., & Tremblay, R. E. (1992) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/016502549201500406 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality
Vågerö, D., & Leon, D. A. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92432-5 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Social Subordinance as a Marker of Hypercortisolism
Sapolsky, R. M. (1995) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44715.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Event-Related Potentials in Year-Old Infants: Relations with Emotionality and Cortisol
Gunnar, M. R., & Nelson, C. A. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00736.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works
East-West Life Expectancy Gap in Europe
(1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1764-4 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Fetal and Early Childhood Environment: Long-term Health Implications
Marmot, M. G., & Wadsworth, M. E. J. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Fetal and Early Childhood Environment: Long‐term Health Implications
Fergusson, D. M. (1998) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.00109.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Child abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall
Femina, D. D., Yeager, C. A., & Lewis, D. O. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90033-p · Cited by 8,820 · see citing works
Socioeconomic status and child development
Bradley, R. H., & Corwyn, R. F. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233 · Cited by 5,484 · see citing works
The social determinants of health: It’s time to consider the causes of the causes
Braveman, P., & Gottlieb, L. (2014) · Public Health Reports® · doi:10.1177/00333549141291s206 · Cited by 3,861 · see citing works
A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives
Ben-Shlomo, Y. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.2.285 · Cited by 3,038 · see citing works
The Social Determinants of Health: Coming of Age
Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218 · Cited by 2,476 · see citing works
From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression.
Slavich, G. M., & Irwin, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035302 · Cited by 2,206 · see citing works
“C. (1997). The effects of stressful life events on depression.”
Background
Adolescence and the social determinants of health
Viner, R. M., Ozer, E. M., Denny, S., Marmot, M., Resnick, M., Fatusi, A., & Currie, C. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60149-4 · Cited by 2,199 · see citing works
Life course epidemiology: Figure 1
Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lynch, J., Hallqvist, J., & Power, C. (2003) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.57.10.778 · Cited by 2,019 · see citing works
Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: Moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms.
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Parker, K. J. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0024768 · Cited by 1,785 · see citing works
Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: Links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease
McEwen, B. S., & Gianaros, P. J. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05331.x · Cited by 1,715 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status and Health: What We Know and What We Don't
ADLER, N. E., & OSTROVE, J. M. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08101.x · Cited by 1,643 · see citing works
Childhood maltreatment predicts adult inflammation in a life-course study
Danese, A., Pariante, C. M., Caspi, A., Taylor, A., & Poulton, R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610362104 · Cited by 1,264 · see citing works
Early Developmental Conditioning of Later Health and Disease: Physiology or Pathophysiology?
Hanson, M. A., & Gluckman, P. D. (2014) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00029.2013 · Cited by 1,188 · see citing works
Early Childhood Investments Substantially Boost Adult Health
Campbell, F., Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., Moon, S. H., Pinto, R., Pungello, E., & Pan, Y. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1248429 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
Racial and ethnic disparities in birth outcomes: a life-course perspective
Lu, M. C., & Halfon, N. (2003) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1023/a:1022537516969 · Cited by 979 · see citing works
A glossary for health inequalities
Kawachi, I. I., Subramanian, S. V., & Almeida-Filho, N. (2002) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.56.9.647 · Cited by 959 · see citing works
Race, race-based discrimination, and health outcomes among African Americans
Mays, V. M., Cochran, S. D., & Barnes, N. W. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190212 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Early childhood poverty and adult attainment, behavior, and health
Duncan, G. J., Ziol-Guest, K. M., & Kalil, A. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01396.x · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Low early-life social class leaves a biological residue manifested by decreased glucocorticoid and increased proinflammatory signaling
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., Fok, A. K., Walker, H., Lim, A., Nicholls, E. F., Cole, S., & Kobor, M. S. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0902971106 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
How Experience Gets Under the Skin to Create Gradients in Developmental Health
Hertzman, C., & Boyce, T. (2010) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103538 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Self-citation
Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories
Arcaya, M. C., Arcaya, A. L., & Subramanian, S. V. (2015) · Global Health Action · doi:10.3402/gha.v8.27106 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Building a New Biodevelopmental Framework to Guide the Future of Early Childhood Policy
Shonkoff, J. P. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01399.x · Cited by 695 · see citing works
The effectiveness of early childhood development programs
Anderson, L. M., Shinn, C., Fullilove, M. T., Scrimshaw, S. C. M., Fielding, J. E., Normand, J., & Carande-Kulis, V. G. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00655-4 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Health Psychology: Developing Biologically Plausible Models Linking the Social World and Physical Health
Miller, G., Chen, E., & Cole, S. W. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163551 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Lifecourse Health Development: Past, Present and Future
Halfon, N., Larson, K., Lu, M., Tullis, E., & Russ, S. (2014) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1346-2 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
The Emerging Field of Human Social Genomics
Slavich, G. M., & Cole, S. W. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613478594 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
The Contribution of Maternal Stress to Preterm Birth: Issues and Considerations
Wadhwa, P. D., Entringer, S., Buss, C., & Lu, M. C. (2011) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2011.06.007 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
The Science of Early Life Toxic Stress for Pediatric Practice and Advocacy
Johnson, S. B., Riley, A. W., Granger, D. A., & Riis, J. L. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0469 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Epigenetic vestiges of early developmental adversity: childhood stress exposure and DNA methylation in adolescence
Essex, M. J., Thomas Boyce, W., Hertzman, C., Lam, L. L., Armstrong, J. M., Neumann, S. M. A., & Kobor, M. S. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01641.x · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Bare Bones of Sex: Part 1—Sex and Gender
Fausto‐Sterling, A. (2005) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/424932 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Associations with early-life socio-economic position in adult DNA methylation
Borghol, N., Suderman, M. J., McArdle, W. L., Racine, A., Hallett, M. T., Pembrey, M. E., Hertzman, C., Power, C., & Moshe Szyf, A. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr147 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Self-citation
Stress exposure in intrauterine life is associated with shorter telomere length in young adulthood
Entringer, S., Epel, E. S., Kumsta, R., Lin, J., Hellhammer, D. H., Blackburn, E. H., Wüst, S., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1107759108 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences are associated with the risk of lung cancer: a prospective cohort study
Brown, D. W., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., Malarcher, A. M., Croft, J. B., & Giles, W. H. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-20 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
The effects of chronic stress on the human brain: From neurotoxicity, to vulnerability, to opportunity
LUPIEN, S. J., Juster, R., Raymond, C., & Marin, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.001 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Trajectories of functional health: The ‘long arm’ of childhood health and socioeconomic factors
Haas, S. A. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.004 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Association of childhood adversities and early-onset mental disorders with adult-onset chronic physical conditions
Scott, K. M. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.77 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and premature all-cause mortality
Kelly-Irving, M., Lepage, B., Dedieu, D., Bartley, M., Blane, D., Grosclaude, P., Lang, T., & Delpierre, C. (2013) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9832-9 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
The programming of individual differences in defensive responses and reproductive strategies in the rat through variations in maternal care
Cameron, N. M., Champagne, F. A., Parent, C., Fish, E. W., Ozaki-Kuroda, K., & Meaney, M. J. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.022 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Processes of Cumulative Adversity: Childhood Disadvantage and Increased Risk of Heart Attack Across the Life Course
O’Rand, A. M., & Hamil‐Luker, J. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.special_issue_2.s117 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Biological embedding of stress through inflammation processes in childhood
Danese, A., Caspi, A., Williams, B., Ambler, A., Sugden, K., Mika, J., Werts, H., Freeman, J., Pariante, C. M., Moffitt, T. E., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.5 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Leveraging the biology of adversity to address the roots of disparities in health and development
Shonkoff, J. P. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1121259109 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Health selection and the process of social stratification: the effect of childhood health on socioeconomic attainment.
Haas, S. A. (2006) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650604700403 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records: Phase 2
Domains, B. (2015) · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development
Ellis, B. J., & Del Giudice, M. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000849 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Contribution of Socioeconomic Status at 3 Life-Course Periods to Late-Life Memory Function and Decline: Early and Late Predictors of Dementia Risk
Marden, J. R., Tchetgen Tchetgen, E. J., Kawachi, I., & Glymour, M. M. (2017) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwx155 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Stress & sleep: A relationship lasting a lifetime
Martire, V. L., Caruso, D., Palagini, L., Zoccoli, G., & Bastianini, S. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.024 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
What is Health Equity: And How Does a Life-Course Approach Take Us Further Toward It?
Braveman, P. (2013) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1226-9 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
A transdisciplinary perspective of chronic stress in relation to psychopathology throughout life span development
Juster, R.-P., Bizik, G., Picard, M., Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Sindi, S., Trepanier, L., Marin, M.-F., Wan, N., Sekerovic, Z., Lord, C., et al. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000289 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Childhood trauma associated with short leukocyte telomere length in posttraumatic stress disorder
O'Donovan, A., Epel, E., Lin, J., Wolkowitz, O., Cohen, B., Maguen, S., Metzler, T., Lenoci, M., Blackburn, E., & Neylan, T. C. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.01.035 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Economic adversity and children’s sleep problems: Multiple indicators and moderation of effects.
El‐Sheikh, M., Bagley, E. J., Keiley, M. K., Elmore‐Staton, L., Chen, E., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2012) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030413 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Differential patterns of whole-genome DNA methylation in institutionalized children and children raised by their biological parents
Naumova, O. Y., Lee, M., Koposov, R. A., Moshe Szyf, A., Dozier, M., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000605 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Comprehending the Body in the Era of the Epigenome
Lock, M. M. (2015) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/680350 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Putting the concept of biological embedding in historical perspective
Hertzman, C. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1202203109 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citation
Childhood abuse, parental warmth, and adult multisystem biological risk in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study
Carroll, J. E., Gruenewald, T. L., Taylor, S. E., Janicki-Deverts, D., Matthews, K. A., & Seeman, T. E. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1315458110 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
DNA methylation and childhood maltreatment: From animal models to human studies
Lutz, P.-E., & Turecki, G. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.069 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Broadening the FocusThe Need to Address the Social Determinants of Health
Braveman, P., Egerter, S. A., & Mockenhaupt, R. E. (2010) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.10.002 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
The foundations of lifelong health are built in early childhood
Yoshikawa, H. (2010) · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Advancing a Multilevel Framework for Epidemiologic Research on Asthma Disparities
Wright, R. J., & Subramanian, S. V. (2007) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.07-1904 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Social regulation of human gene expression: mechanisms and implications for public health
Cole, S. W. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301183 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Transcriptional modulation of the developing immune system by early life social adversity
Cole, S. W., Conti, G., Arevalo, J. M. G., Ruggiero, A. M., Heckman, J. J., & Suomi, S. J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1218253109 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and physiological wear-and-tear in midlife: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort
Barboza‐Solís, C., Kelly‐Irving, M., Fantin, R., Darnaudéry, M., Torrisani, J., Lang, T., & Delpierre, C. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1417325112 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The Effects of Two Influential Early Childhood Interventions on Health and Healthy Behaviour
Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., & Pinto, R. (2016) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/ecoj.12420 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Cumulative early life adversity predicts longevity in wild baboons
Tung, J., Archie, E. A., Altmann, J., & Alberts, S. C. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11181 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Developmental histories of perceived racial discrimination and diurnal cortisol profiles in adulthood: A 20-year prospective study
Adam, E. K., Heissel, J. A., Zeiders, K. H., Richeson, J. A., Ross, E. C., Ehrlich, K. B., Levy, D. J., Kemeny, M. E., Brodish, A. B., Malanchuk, O., et al. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.018 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Association of Lifecourse Socioeconomic Status with Chronic Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes Risk: The Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study
Stringhini, S., Batty, G. D., Bovet, P., Shipley, M. J., Marmot, M. G., Meena Kumari, B., Tabák, Á. G., & Mika Kivimaki, B. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001479 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Psychological and biological responses to race-based social stress as pathways to disparities in educational outcomes.
Levy, D. J., Heissel, J. A., Richeson, J. A., & Adam, E. K. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040322 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
The effects of Taiwan's National Health Insurance on access and health status of the elderly
Chen, L., Yip, W. C.-M., Chang, M., Lin, H., Lee, S., Chiu, Y., & Lin, Y. (2006) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/hec.1160 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Childhood origins of adult health: a basis for life-course health policy
Forrest, C. B., & Riley, A. W. (2004) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.23.5.155 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Social inequalities in health: a proper concern of epidemiology
Marmot, M. G., & Bell, R. (2016) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.02.003 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Home reading environment and brain activation in preschool children listening to stories
Hutton, J. S., Horowitz-Kraus, T., Mendelsohn, A. L., DeWitt, T., Holland, S. K., & the C-MIND Authorship Consortium (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0359 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Income Inequality and the Differential Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences in US Children
Halfon, N., Larson, K., Son, J., Lu, M. C., & Bethell, C. D. (2017) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2016.11.007 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Potential neural embedding of parental social standing
Gianaros, P. J., Horenstein, J. A., Hariri, A. R., Sheu, L. K., Manuck, S. B., Matthews, K. A., & Cohen, S. (2008) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsn003 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953
Osler, M., Andersen, A.-M. N., Due, P., Lund, R., Damsgaard, M. T., & Holstein, B. E. (2003) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.57.9.681 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Preventing low birth weight: is prenatal care the answer?
Lu, M. C., Tache, V., Alexander, G. R., Kotelchuck, M., & Halfon, N. (2003) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/jmf.13.6.362.380 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The Community Guide’s model for linking the social environment to health
Anderson, L. M., Scrimshaw, S. C. M., Fullilove, M. T., & Fielding, J. E. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00652-9 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Childhood close family relationships and health.
Chen, E., Brody, G. H., & Miller, G. E. (2017) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000067 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Reconsidering the Placebo Response from a Broad Anthropological Perspective
Thompson, J. J., Ritenbaugh, C., & Nichter, M. (2009) · Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-008-9122-2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Unfavorable Socioeconomic Conditions in Early Life Presage Expression of Proinflammatory Phenotype in Adolescence
Miller, G., & Chen, E. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318068fcf9 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and allostatic load: A systematic review
Finlay, S., Roth, C., Zimsen, T., Bridson, T. L., Sarnyai, Z., & McDERMOTT, B. M. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104605 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Cumulative Violence Exposure and Self-Rated Health: Longitudinal Study of Adolescents in the United States
Boynton‐Jarrett, R., RYAN, L. M., Berkman, L. F., & Wright, R. J. (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3063 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Serotonin transporter gene moderates childhood maltreatment's effects on persistent but not single-episode depression: Replications and implications for resolving inconsistent results
Uher, R., Caspi, A., Houts, R., Sugden, K., Williams, B. S., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.010 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Stratification and the Life Course
O’Rand, A. M. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088388-2/50012-2 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
The association between subjective social status and mental health among Asian immigrants: Investigating the influence of age at immigration
Leu, J., Yen, I. H., Gansky, S. A., Walton, E. C., Adler, N. E., & Takeuchi, D. T. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.028 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Exaggerated neurobiological sensitivity to threat as a mechanism linking anxiety with increased risk for diseases of aging
O’Donovan, A., Slavich, G. M., Epel, E. S., & Neylan, T. C. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.10.013 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
When Do We Know Enough to Recommend Action on the Social Determinants of Health?
Braveman, P., Egerter, S. A., Woolf, S. H., & Marks, J. S. (2010) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.026 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Early childhood health, reproduction of economic inequalities and the persistence of health and mortality differentials
Palloni, A., Milesi, C., White, R. G., & Turner, A. (2009) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.009 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
How can the study of physiological reactivity contribute to our understanding of adversity and resilience processes in development?
Obradović, J. (2012) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579412000053 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Impact of saliva collection methods on sIgA and cortisol assays and acceptability to participants.
Strazdins, L., Meyerkort, S., Brent, V., D'Souza, R., Broom, D., & Kyd, J. (2005) · JIM - Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2005.09.010 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Effects of pre- and postnatal maternal stress on infant temperament and autonomic nervous system reactivity and regulation in a diverse, low-income population
Bush, N. R., Jones‐Mason, K., Coccia, M., Caron, Z. K., Alkon, A., Thomas, M., Coleman-Phox, K., Wadhwa, P. D., Laraia, B. A., Adler, N. E., et al. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417001237 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Entrepreneurial potential: The role of human and cultural capitals
Jayawarna, D., Jones, O., & Macpherson, A. (2014) · International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/0266242614525795 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Inter-relation between autonomic and HPA axis activity in children and adolescents
Rotenberg, S., & McGrath, J. J. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.01.015 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning
Young, E. S., Doom, J. R., Farrell, A. K., Carlson, E. A., Englund, M. M., Miller, G. E., Gunnar, M. R., Roisman, G. I., & Simpson, J. A. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419001779 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Childhood adversities and quality of sleep in adulthood: A population-based study of 26,000 Finns
Koskenvuo, K., Hublin, C., Partinen, M., Paunio, T., & Koskenvuo, M. (2010) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.03.010 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Gender differences in the link between childhood socioeconomic conditions and heart attack risk in adulthood
Hamil‐Luker, J., & O’Rand, A. M. (2007) · Demography · doi:10.1353/dem.2007.0004 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Advantaged socioeconomic conditions in childhood are associated with higher cognitive functioning but stronger cognitive decline in older age
Aartsen, M., Cheval, B., Sieber, S., der Linden, B. W. A. V., Gabriel, R., Courvoisier, D., Guessous, I., Burton-Jeangros, C., Blane, D., Ihle, A., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1807679116 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Childhood adversities as a predictor of disability retirement
Harkonmäki, K., Korkeila, K., Vahtera, J., Mika Kivimaki, B., Suominen, S., Sillanmäki, L. H., & Koskenvuo, M. (2007) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2006.052670 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains in Electronic Health Records: Phase 1
Domains, B. (2014) · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Associations of family income with cognition and brain structure in USA children: prevention implications
Tomasi, D. G., & Volkow, N. D. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01130-0 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
The Emerging Theoretical Framework of Life Course Health Development
Halfon, N., & Forrest, C. B. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47143-3_2 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The Biological Embedding of Early-Life Socioeconomic Status and Family Adversity in Children’s Genome-Wide DNA Methylation
Bush, N. R., Edgar, R. D., Park, M., MacIsaac, J. L., McEwen, L. M., Adler, N. E., Essex, M. J., Kobor, M. S., & Boyce, W. T. (2018) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2018-0042 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

Authors: HERTZMAN, C.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: HERTZMAN, CLYDE
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1999-12
Volume: 896
Issue: 1
Pages: 85-95
ISSN: 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
1749-6632
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08107.x
OpenAlex: W1983381709
Cited by: 631
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 0.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 2259 d)
Locations: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: biological embedding, early life experience, socioeconomic gradient in health, child development, brain development, cumulative disadvantage, latent effects, developmental origins of health and disease
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain, Child, Child Development, Psychology, Child, Educational Status, Health Status, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Immunity, Innate, Parents, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Quality of Life, Social Class

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The biological embedding of early experience and its effects on health in adulthood

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks