Cited by 1,981Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesHistorical and Modern Theater StudiesCognitive Functions and Memory

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 236 of the 251 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Executive Function and the Frontal Lobes: A Meta-Analytic Review

Alvarez, Julie A., Emory, Eugene·2006·Neuropsychology Review

DOI 10.1007/s11065-006-9002-x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Currently, there is debate among scholars regarding how to operationalize and measure executive functions. These functions generally are referred to as "supervisory" cognitive processes because they involve higher level organization and execution of complex thoughts and behavior. Although conceptualizations vary regarding what mental processes actually constitute the "executive function" construct, there has been a historical linkage of these "higher-level" processes with the frontal lobes. In fact, many investigators have used the term "frontal functions" synonymously with "executive functions" despite evidence that contradicts this synonymous usage. The current review provides a critical analysis of lesion and neuroimaging studies using three popular executive function measures (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Phonemic Verbal Fluency, and Stroop Color Word Interference Test) in order to examine the validity of the executive function construct in terms of its relation to activation and damage to the frontal lobes. Empirical lesion data are examined via meta-analysis procedures along with formula derivatives. Results reveal mixed evidence that does not support a one-to-one relationship between executive functions and frontal lobe activity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of construing the validity of these neuropsychological tests in anatomical, rather than cognitive and behavioral, terms.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11065-006-9002-x

Cites

236 of 236 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Principles of Psychology
James, W. (1891) · Personality Culture Society · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,876
Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622
The Unity and Diversity of Executive Functions and Their Contributions to Complex “Frontal Lobe” Tasks: A Latent Variable Analysis
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734 · Cited by 15,798
Untitled work
(1994) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,542
Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
The Organization of Behavior
Hebb, D. O. (2005) · doi:10.4324/9781410612403 · Cited by 9,825
A power primer.
Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
DESCARTES' ERROR: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
Marg, E. (1995) · Optometry and Vision Science · doi:10.1002/j.1538-9235.1995.tb03988.x · Cited by 8,178
The attention system of the human brain
Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325 · Cited by 8,070
The organization of behavior.
indicated, N. A. (1950) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0049612 · Cited by 6,984

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 251 references

15 of the 251 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Bornstein, R. A. (1986). Contribution of various neuropsychological measures to detection of frontal lobe impairment. International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology 8: 18–22.
Holst, P., and Vilkki, J. (1988). Effect of frontomedial lesions on performance on the Stroop Test and word fluency tasks. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsyc. 10: 79–80.
Lyon, G. R., and Krasnegor, N. A. (Eds.). (1996). Attention, memory, and executive function. Baltimore, MD, US: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
Ramier, A. M., and Hécaen, H. (1970). Rôle respectif des atteintes frontales et de la latéralisation lésionnelle dans les déficits de la “fluence verbale.” Revue Neurologique 123: 17–22.

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 1,003

Strong genetic overlap between executive functions and intelligence.
Engelhardt, L. E., Mann, F. D., Briley, D. A., Church, J. A., Harden, K. P., & Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000195 · Cited by 91
Posttraumatic Psychological Symptoms are Associated with Reduced Inhibitory Control, not General Executive Dysfunction
Degutis, J. M., Esterman, M. S., McCulloch, B., Rosenblatt, A., Milberg, W., & McGlinchey, R. E. (2015) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617715000235 · Cited by 98
Relationship of Gait and Cognition in the Elderly
Parihar, R., Mahoney, J. R., & Verghese, J. (2013) · Current Translational Geriatrics and Experimental Gerontology Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-013-0052-7 · Cited by 96
Virtual environment navigation tasks and the assessment of cognitive deficits in individuals with brain injury
Livingstone, S. A., & Skelton, R. W. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.07.015 · Cited by 97
Low Urinary Iodine Excretion during Early Pregnancy Is Associated with Alterations in Executive Functioning in Children3
Mil, N. H. G., Tiemeier, H. W., Bongers‐Schokking, J. J., Ghassabian, A., Albert Hofman, D., Hooijkaas, H., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Keizer-Schrama, S. M. D. M., Steegers, E. A. P., Visser, T. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.112.161950 · Cited by 90
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback can reduce striatal cue-reactivity to alcohol stimuli
Kirsch, M., Gruber, I., Ruf, M., Kiefer, F., & Kirsch, P. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12278 · Cited by 95
The neuroscience of goals and behavior change.
Berkman, E. T. (2018) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/cpb0000094 · Cited by 102
Phronesis
Kristjansson, K. R., & Fowers, B. J. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192871473.001.0001 · Cited by 94
Decreased prefrontal cortex activity in mild traumatic brain injury during performance of an auditory oddball task
Witt, S. T., Lovejoy, D. W., Pearlson, G. D., & Stevens, M. C. G. (2010) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-010-9102-3 · Cited by 94
COMT, neuropsychological function and brain structure in schizophrenia: a systematic review and neurobiological interpretation
Ira, E., Zanoni, M., Ruggeri, M., Dazzan, P., & Tosato, S. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.120178 · Cited by 90
Functional connectivity at rest is sensitive to individual differences in executive function: A network analysis
Reineberg, A. E., & Banich, M. T. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23219 · Cited by 88
Childhood Executive Function Predicts Later Autistic Features and Adaptive Behavior in Young Autistic People: a 12-Year Prospective Study
Kenny, L., Cribb, S. J., & Pellicano, E. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0493-8 · Cited by 88
Gait Speed and Gait Variability Are Associated with Different Functional Brain Networks
Lo, O., Halko, M. A., Zhou, J., Harrison, R., Lipsitz, L. A., & Manor, B. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00390 · Cited by 87
Physical activity and working memory in healthy older adults: An ERP study
Chang, Y., Huang, C., Chen, K., & Hung, T. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12089 · Cited by 103
Damage to white matter bottlenecks contributes to language impairments after left hemispheric stroke
Griffis, J. C., Nenert, R., Allendorfer, J. B., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.019 · Cited by 87
A randomized trial comparing in person and electronic interventions for improving adherence to oral medications in schizophrenia
Velligan, D., Mintz, J., Maples, N., Xueying, L., Gajewski, S., Carr, H., & Sierra, C. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs116 · Cited by 87
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll Model of Cognition for Clinical Assessment
Jewsbury, P. A., Bowden, S. C., & Duff, K. M. (2016) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282916651360 · Cited by 99
Optimization of energy state transition trajectory supports the development of executive function during youth
Cui, Z., Stiso, J., Baum, G. L., Kim, J. Z., Roalf, D. R., Betzel, R. F., Gu, S., Lu, Z., Xia, C. H., He, X., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.53060 · Cited by 88
Physical exercise in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – evidence and implications for the treatment of borderline personality disorder
Mehren, A., Reichert, M., Coghill, D., Müller, H. H. O., Braun, N., & Philipsen, A. (2020) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-019-0115-2 · Cited by 86
Effect of acute exercise and cardiovascular fitness on cognitive function: An event‐related cortical desynchronization study
Chang, Y., Chu, C., Wang, C., Song, T., & Wei, G. (2014) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12364 · Cited by 90
The Role of Hypothalamic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Association with Cognitive and Mood Disorders
Dionysopoulou, S., Charmandari, E., Bargiota, Α., Vlahos, N., Mastorakos, G. P., & Valsamakis, G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020498 · Cited by 91
Available Virtual Reality-Based Tools for Executive Functions: A Systematic Review
Borgnis, F., Baglio, F., Pedroli, E., Rossetto, F., Uccellatore, L., Oliveira, J., Riva, G., & Cipresso, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833136 · Cited by 98
The relationships among heart rate variability, executive functions, and clinical variables in patients with panic disorder
Hovland, A., Pallesen, S., Hammar, Å., Hansen, A. L., Thayer, J. F., Tarvainen, M. P., & Nordhus, I. H. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.004 · Cited by 85
Executive functions after orbital or lateral prefrontal lesions: Neuropsychological profiles and self-reported executive functions in everyday living
Løvstad, M., Funderud, I., Endestad, T., Due‐Tønnessen, P., Meling, T. R., Lindgren, M. P., Knight, R. T., & Solbakk, A. (2012) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2012.698787 · Cited by 99
Task difficulty of virtual reality-based assessment tools compared to classical paper-and-pencil or computerized measures: A meta-analytic approach
Neguţ, A., Matu, S. A., Sava, F. A., & David, D. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.029 · Cited by 86
Cognitive and psychological flexibility after a traumatic brain injury and the implications for treatment in acceptance-based therapies: A conceptual review
Whiting, D. L., Deane, F. P., Simpson, G. K., McLeod, H. J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2017) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2015.1062115 · Cited by 85
Executive dysfunction and periventricular diffusion tensor changes in amnesic mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease
Chen, T., Chen, Y., Cheng, T., Hua, M., Liu, H., & Chiu, M. (2009) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20810 · Cited by 85
Cognitive flexibility in neurological disorders: Cognitive components and event-related potentials
Lange, F., Seer, C., & Kopp, B. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.011 · Cited by 84
Interindividual differences in cognitive flexibility: influence of gray matter volume, functional connectivity and trait impulsivity
Müller, V. I., Langner, R., Cieslik, E. C., Rottschy, C., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0797-6 · Cited by 90
Neurobiology of hedonic tone: the relationship between treatment-resistant depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse
Katzman, M., & Sternat, T. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s111818 · Cited by 83
Cognition in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAS): Current Clinical Knowledge and the Impact of Treatment
Kielb, S., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Rebok, G. W., & Spira, A. P. (2012) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-012-8182-1 · Cited by 85
Approach to Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease
Zhang, Q., Aldridge, G. M., Narayanan, N., Anderson, S. W., & Uc, E. Y. (2020) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-020-00963-x · Cited by 87
Abnormal resting-state activities and functional connectivities of the anterior and the posterior cortexes in medication-naïve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Cheng, Y., Xu, J., Nie, B., Luo, C., Yang, T., Li, H., Lu, J., Xu, L., Shan, B., & Xu, X. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067478 · Cited by 82
Stress and decision making: neural correlates of the interaction between stress, executive functions, and decision making under risk
Gathmann, B., Schulte, F. P., Maderwald, S., Pawlikowski, M., Starcke, K., Schäfer, L. C., Schöler, T., Wolf, O. T., & Brand, M. (2014) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3808-6 · Cited by 93
Multi-modal neuroimaging of dual-task walking: Structural MRI and fNIRS analysis reveals prefrontal grey matter volume moderation of brain activation in older adults
Wagshul, M. E., Lucas, M., Ye, K. Q., İzzetoğlu, M., & Holtzer, R. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.045 · Cited by 79
The Relationship Between Emotion Regulation, Executive Functioning, and Aggressive Behaviors
Holley, S. R., Ewing, S. T., Stiver, J., & Bloch, L. (2015) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515592619 · Cited by 83
Investigating the acute effect of an aerobic dance exercise program on neuro-cognitive function in the elderly
Kimura, K., & Hozumi, N. (2012) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.04.001 · Cited by 90
Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder: current perspectives
Lusicic, A., Schruers, K. R., Pallanti, S., & Castle, D. J. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s121140 · Cited by 81
Baduanjin Mind-Body Intervention Improves the Executive Control Function
Chen, T., Yue, G. H., Tian, Y., & Jiang, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02015 · Cited by 83
Thermal responses of workers during summer: An outdoor investigation of construction sites in South China
Fang, Z., Tang, T., Zheng, Z., Zhou, X., Liu, W., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102705 · Cited by 81
Function and Dysfunction of Prefrontal Brain Circuitry in Alcoholic Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Oscar‐Berman, M. (2012) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-012-9198-x · Cited by 85
Does the Iowa Gambling Task Measure Executive Function?
Gansler, D. A., Jerram, M. W., Vannorsdall, T. D., & Schretlen, D. J. (2011) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acr082 · Cited by 81
The effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on executive functioning in healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis
de Boer, N. S., Schluter, R. S., Daams, J. G., van der Werf, Y. D., Goudriaan, A. E., & van Holst, R. J. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.013 · Cited by 83
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on motor response inhibition: An ERP study using the stop-signal task
Chu, C., Alderman, B. L., Wei, G., & Chang, Y. (2015) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2014.12.002 · Cited by 85
Language in pediatric epilepsy
Caplan, R., Siddarth, P., Vona, P., Stahl, L., Bailey, C. E., Gurbani, S. G., Sankar, R., & Shields, W. D. (2009) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02199.x · Cited by 80
Differential recruitment of executive resources during mind wandering
Kam, J. W. Y., & Handy, T. C. (2014) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.03.002 · Cited by 91
Confirmatory factor analysis of the ADNI neuropsychological battery
Initiative, A. D. N., Park, L. Q., Gross, A. L., McLaren, D. G., Pa, J., Johnson, J. K., Mitchell, M. B., & Manly, J. J. (2012) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-012-9190-3 · Cited by 84
Habitual exercise is associated with cognitive control and cognitive reappraisal success
Giles, G. E., Cantelon, J. A., Eddy, M. D., Brunyé, T. T., Urry, H. L., Mahoney, C. R., & Kanarek, R. B. (2017) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5098-x · Cited by 86
Current status of functional imaging in eating disorders
Frank, G., & Kaye, W. H. (2012) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22016 · Cited by 84
High IQ May “Mask” the Diagnosis of ADHD by Compensating for Deficits in Executive Functions in Treatment-Naïve Adults With ADHD
Milioni, A. L. V., Chaim, T. M., Cavallet, M., de Oliveira, N. M., Annes, M., dos Santos, B., Louzã, M., da Silva, M. A., Miguel, C. S., Serpa, M. H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714554933 · Cited by 77
Individual differences in regional prefrontal gray matter morphometry and fractional anisotropy are associated with different constructs of executive function
Smolker, H. R., Depue, B. E., Reineberg, A. E., Orr, J. M., & Banich, M. T. (2015) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0723-y · Cited by 77
The Puzzle of Processing Speed, Memory, and Executive Function Impairments in Schizophrenia: Fitting the Pieces Together
Knowles, E. E. M., Weiser, M., David, A. S., Glahn, D. C., Davidson, M., & Reichenberg, A. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.01.018 · Cited by 77
Executive function in weight loss and weight loss maintenance: a conceptual review and novel neuropsychological model of weight control
Gettens, K. M., & Gorin, A. A. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-017-9831-5 · Cited by 77
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training on Executive Functions: a Cross-Disciplinary Taxonomy for Classifying Outcome Cognitive Factors
Webb, S. L., Loh, V., Lampit, A., Bateman, J. E., & Birney, D. P. (2018) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-018-9374-8 · Cited by 86
Verbal Fluency in Focal Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Metternich, B., Buschmann, F., Wagner, K., Schulze‐Bonhage, A., & Kriston, L. (2014) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-014-9255-8 · Cited by 81
Cognitive Screening Instruments
Larner, A. J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2452-8 · Cited by 78
Age influences domestic dog cognitive performance independent of average breed lifespan
Watowich, M. M., MacLean, E. L., Hare, B. A., Call, J., Kaminski, J., Miklósi, Á., & Snyder‐Mackler, N. (2020) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-020-01385-0 · Cited by 80
Integrating verbal fluency with executive functions: Evidence from twin studies in adolescence and middle age.
Gustavson, D. E., Panizzon, M. S., Franz, C. E., Reynolds, C. A., Corley, R. P., Hewitt, J. K., Lyons, M. J., Kremen, W. S., & Friedman, N. P. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000589 · Cited by 75
Defeasible reasoning in high-functioning adults with autism: Evidence for impaired exception-handling
Pijnacker, J., Geurts, B., van Lambalgen, M., Kan, C. C., Buitelaar, J. K., & Peter Hagoort, A. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.011 · Cited by 75
Neural correlates of decision making with explicit information about probabilities and incentives in elderly healthy subjects
Labudda, K., Woermann, F. G., Mertens, M., Pohlmann‐Eden, B., Markowitsch, H. J., & Brand, M. (2008) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1332-x · Cited by 81
Dimensions of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) examined using Rasch analysis
Simblett, S. K., & Bateman, A. (2011) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2010.531216 · Cited by 75
Executive Function During Acute Exercise: The Role of Exercise Intensity
Wang, C., Chu, C., Chu, I., Chan, K., & Chang, Y. (2013) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.35.4.358 · Cited by 84
Psychological and neurological predictors of abusive supervision
Waldman, D. A., Wang, D., Hannah, S. T., Owens, B. P., & Balthazard, P. A. (2018) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12262 · Cited by 84
A new era for executive function research: On the transition from centralized to distributed executive functioning
Zink, N., Lenartowicz, A., & Markett, S. A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.011 · Cited by 87
Which verbal fluency measure is most useful in demonstrating executive deficits after traumatic brain injury?
Kavé, G., Heled, E., Vakil, E., & Agranov, E. (2010) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2010.518703 · Cited by 74
Maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and self-reported cognitive impairment of the offspring 70 years later: the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
Tuovinen, S., Eriksson, J. G., Kajantie, E., Lahti, J. M. T., Pesonen, A., Heinonen, K., Osmond, C., Barker, D. J. P., & Räikkönen, K. (2012) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.017 · Cited by 72
A Review of Acute Aerobic Exercise and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Cognitive Functions and Their Potential Synergies
Steinberg, F., Pixa, N. H., & Fregni, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00534 · Cited by 75
Executive dysfunction and treatment response in late‐life depression
Pimontel, M. A., Culang‐Reinlieb, M. E., Morimoto, S. S., & Sneed, J. R. (2011) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2808 · Cited by 76
Preserving executive functions in nondominant frontal lobe glioma surgery: an intraoperative tool
Puglisi, G., Sciortino, T., Rossi, M., Leonetti, A., Fornia, L., Nibali, M. C., Casarotti, A., Pessina, F., Riva, M., Cerri, G., et al. (2018) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2018.4.jns18393 · Cited by 73
Annual Research Review: Anterior Modifiers in the Emergence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (AMEND)—a systems neuroscience approach to common developmental disorders
Johnson, M. H., Charman, T., Pickles, A. R., & Jones, E. J. H. (2021) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13372 · Cited by 79
Pornographic Picture Processing Interferes with Working Memory Performance
Laier, C., Schulte, F. P., & Brand, M. (2012) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.716873 · Cited by 80
Model-Based Reasoning in Humans Becomes Automatic with Training
Economides, M., Kurth-Nelson, Z. L., Lübbert, A., Guitart‐Masip, M., & Dolan, R. J. (2015) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004463 · Cited by 74
Neuroelectric and Behavioral Effects of Acute Exercise on Task Switching in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Hung, C., Huang, C., Tsai, Y.-J., Chang, Y., & Hung, T.-M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01589 · Cited by 78
Neuropsychological correlates of schizotypy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies
Siddi, S., Петретто, Д. Р., & Preti, A. (2017) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2017.1299702 · Cited by 73
A framework for executive function in the late elementary years.
Cirino, P. T., Ahmed, Y., Miciak, J., Taylor, W. P., Gerst, E. H., & Barnes, M. A. (2018) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000427 · Cited by 71
Neurocognitive Mechanism of Human Resilience: A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Review
Yao, Z., & Hsieh, S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16245123 · Cited by 84
Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: historical challenges and emerging frontiers
Koirala, S., Grimsrud, G. J., Mooney, M. A., Larsen, B., Feczko, E., Elison, J. T., Nelson, S. M., Nigg, J. T., Tervo‐Clemmens, B., & Fair, D. A. (2024) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00869-z · Cited by 78
An integrated EEG and eye-tracking approach for the study of responding and initiating joint attention in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Billeci, L., Narzisi, A., Tonacci, A., Sbriscia-Fioretti, B., Serasini, L., Fulceri, F., Apicella, F., Sicca, F., Calderoni, S., & Muratori, F. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13053-4 · Cited by 71
Cerebellar damage impairs executive control and monitoring of movement generation
Brunamonti, E., Chiricozzi, F. R., Clausi, S., Olivito, G., Giusti, M. A., Molinari, M., Ferraina, S., & Leggio, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085997 · Cited by 70
Executive functions in frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body dementia.
Johns, E. K., Phillips, N. A., Belleville, S., Goupil, D., Babins, L., Kelner, N., Ska, B., Gilbert, B., Inglis, G., Panisset, M., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0016792 · Cited by 70
Patterns in default-mode network connectivity for determining outcomes in cognitive function in acute stroke patients
Ding, X., Li, C.-Y., Wang, Q.-S., Du, F.-Z., Ke, Z.-W., Peng, F., Wang, J., & Chen, L. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.060 · Cited by 69
Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on decision making and cognitive flexibility in gambling disorder
Soyata, A. Z., Aksu, S., Woods, A. J., İşçen, P., Saçar, K. T., & Karamürsel, S. (2018) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0948-5 · Cited by 76
ADHD symptomatology is best conceptualized as a spectrum: a dimensional versus unitary approach to diagnosis
Heidbreder, R. (2015) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-015-0171-4 · Cited by 81
Caffeine and Cognition in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Koppelstaetter, F., Poeppel, T. D., Siedentopf, C., Ischebeck, A. K., Kolbitsch, C., Mottaghy, F. M., Felber, S. R., Jaschke, W. R., & Krause, B. J. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1417 · Cited by 69
More rumination and less effective emotion regulation in previously depressed women with preserved executive functions
Aker, M., Harmer, C. J., & Landrø, N. I. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0334-4 · Cited by 72
Toxicity and efficacy of the acetylcholinesterase (AChe) inhibitor donepezil in childhood brain tumor survivors: A pilot study
Castellino, S. M., Tooze, J. A., Flowers, L., Hill, D. F., McMullen, K. P., Shaw, E. G., & Parsons, S. K. (2012) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.24078 · Cited by 69
Increased ongoing neural variability in ADHD
Gonen-Yaacovi, G., Arazi, A., Shahar, N., Karmon-Presser, A., Haar, S., Meiran, N., & Dinstein, I. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04.010 · Cited by 70
Examining Differences between Homebound Older Adult Pet Owners and Non-pet Owners in Depression, Systemic Inflammation, and Executive Function
Branson, S., Boss, L., Cron, S. G., & Kang, D.-H. (2016) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2016.1152764 · Cited by 74
Executive dysfunctions among boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Performance-based test and parents report
Shimoni, M., Engel-Yeger, B., & Tirosh, E. (2012) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.12.014 · Cited by 67
Model-based lesion mapping of cognitive control using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Gläscher, J. P., Adolphs, R., & Tranel, D. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07912-5 · Cited by 70
Functional Mapping before and after Low-Grade Glioma Surgery: A New Way to Decipher Various Spatiotemporal Patterns of Individual Neuroplastic Potential in Brain Tumor Patients
Duffau, H. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12092611 · Cited by 64
What would Karl Popper say? Are current psychological theories of ADHD falsifiable?
Johnson, K. A., Wiersema, J. R., & Kuntsi, J. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-15 · Cited by 79
Cortical thickness variation of the maternal brain in the first 6 months postpartum: associations with parental self-efficacy
Kim, P., Dufford, A. J., & Tribble, R. C. (2018) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-018-1688-z · Cited by 68
Comparison of brain activation patterns during executive function tasks in hoarding disorder and non-hoarding OCD
Hough, C. M., Luks, T. L., Lai, K., Vigil, O., Guillory, S., Nongpiur, A., Fekri, S. M., Kupferman, E., Mathalon, D. H., & Mathews, C. A. (2016) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.07.007 · Cited by 67
Neuroergonomics of car driving: A critical meta-analysis of neuroimaging data on the human brain behind the wheel
Navarro, J., Reynaud, E., & Osiurak, F. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.016 · Cited by 73
Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Functions in Middle Age: A Meta-Analysis
Pelimanni, E., & Jehkonen, M. (2018) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617718001042 · Cited by 73
Inhibit, switch, and update: A within-subject fMRI investigation of executive control
Lemire-Rodger, S., Lam, J., Viviano, J. D., Stevens, W. D., Spreng, R. N., & Turner, G. R. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107134 · Cited by 71
Forebrain Deletion of the Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter Results in Deficits in Executive Function, Metabolic, and RNA Splicing Abnormalities in the Prefrontal Cortex
Kolisnyk, B., Al‐Onaizi, M., Hirata, P. H. F., Guzmán, M. S., Nikolova, S., Barbash, S., Soreq, H., Bartha, R., Prado, M. A. M., & Prado, V. F. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1933-13.2013 · Cited by 70
Aging effects on discrimination learning, logical reasoning and memory in pet dogs
Wallis, L., Virányi, Z., Müller, C. A., Serisier, S., Huber, L., & Range, F. (2016) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-015-9866-x · Cited by 67
Anatomy and white matter connections of the orbitofrontal gyrus
Burks, J. D., Conner, A. K., Bonney, P. A., Glenn, C. A., Baker, C. M., Boettcher, L. B., Briggs, R. G., OʼDonoghue, D. L., Wu, D. H., & Sughrue, M. E. (2017) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2017.3.jns162070 · Cited by 66

Authors: Alvarez, J. A., & Emory, E.
Affiliations: Emory University (US)
Venue: Neuropsychology Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-03
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-42
ISSN: 1040-7308 (ISSN-L)
1573-6660
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-006-9002-x
OpenAlex: W2169683381
Semantic Scholar: 8306fef0decc5fe9991707e19f1930c4f95b1b84
Cited by: 1,981
References: 251
Citations by year: 2026: 43 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 171 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 151 · 2017: 154 · 2016: 145 · 2015: 155 · 2014: 133 · 2013: 108 · 2012: 97
FWCI: 18.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Neuropsychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh064732-04)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 64732)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: executive function, frontal lobe, frontal lobe damage, frontal lobe activation, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, phonemic fluency, neuropsychological test validity, construct validity, lesion studies, neuroimaging
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Problem Solving, Retrospective Studies, Verbal Behavior, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Executive Function and the Frontal Lobes: A Meta-Analytic Review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks