Psychiatric Co-Morbidities in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Detailed Findings from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in the English Population
Open accessAbstract
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition which causes great sufferance to the individuals affected. The occurrence of comorbidities in PTSD is a frequent event with a negative impact on outcome. This study investigated the frequency of PTSD in relation to comorbidities by analyzing the results of the 2007 'Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey' in the English population, which included data on comorbidities. A population study conducted in the United Kingdom, this survey investigated the frequency of PTSD in the community and the relationship to comorbidities by adopting a random design to minimize selection bias, stratified by region and socioeconomic characteristics, and weighted according to design and non-response. The survey interviewed 7403 adults living in private households. Socio-demographic characteristics and psychiatric morbidity were systematically assessed. Results indicated that PTSD prevalence was 2.9%, with an excess in women (3.3%) compared to men (2.4%) as reported by the 2007 survey. Comorbidity was a very frequent occurrence in PTSD reaching 78.5% in affected cases. Major depression was the commonest condition and its frequency increased with symptoms severity up to 54%. Among anxiety disorders, social phobia was the most frequent, followed by generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia and panic disorder. Substance use disorders were also common. The presence of psychotic symptoms was particularly significant with over 30% prevalence in PTSD. These results indicate that attention needs to be devoted to the presence of comorbidities. In view of the impact of comorbidities on PTSD severity, chronicity and functional impairment, early detection and treatment are likely to improve outcome.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 · Cited by 23,020 · see citing works
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010 · Cited by 17,796 · see citing works
SAUNDERS, J. B., AASLAND, O. G., BABOR, T. F., DE LA FUENTE, J. R., & GRANT, M. (1993) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x · Cited by 13,482 · cited 2× · see citing works
“If any event occurred from the age of 16 onwards, PTSD experiences were explored by using the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) [26].”
MethodKessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052 · see citing works
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379 · see citing works
Lewis, G., Pelosi, A. J., Araya, R., & Dunn, G. (1992) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700030415 · Cited by 1,487 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys
Koenen, K. C., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ng, L., McLaughlin, K. A., Bromet, E. J., Stein, D. J., Karam, E. G., Meron Ruscio, A., Benjet, C., Scott, K., et al. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717000708 · Cited by 1,453 · see citing works
Resilience to loss and potential trauma
Bonanno, G. A., Westphal, M., & Mancini, A. D. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Pietrzak, R. H., Goldstein, R. B., Southwick, S. M., & Grant, B. F. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.010 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households, 2000
Singleton, N., Bumpstead, R., O'Brien, M. S., Lee, A., & Meltzer, H. (2003) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026021000045967 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 858 · see citing works
Adult psychiatric morbidity in England, 2007: Results of a household survey
Mcmanus, S., Meltzer, H., Brugha, T., Bebbington, P., & Jenkins, R. (2009) · Unpublished · doi:10.13140/2.1.1563.5205 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond
Michopoulos, V., Powers, A., Gillespie, C. F., Ressler, K. J., & Jovanovic, T. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.146 · Cited by 786 · cited 1× · see citing works
“the relationship between immunology and the stress response [44], which might explain the overlap between PTSD and some of the comorbid conditions.”
BackgroundBrief screening instrument for post-traumatic stress disorder
Brewin, C. R., Rose, S., Andrews, B., Green, J., Tata, P. R., McEvedy, C., Turner, S. W., & Foa, E. B. (2002) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/s0007125000161896 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Psychosis Screening Questionnaire
Bebbington, P., & Nayani, T. (1995) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t30040-000 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: Impact, Comorbidity, Risk Factors, and Treatment
Sareen, J. (2014) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371405900902 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Australia's Mental Health: An Overview of the General Population Survey
Henderson, S., Andrews, G., & Hall, W. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00686.x · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Is life stress more traumatic than traumatic stress?
Gold, S. D., Marx, B. P., Soler-Baillo, J. M., & Sloan, D. M. (2004) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.06.002 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder: An empirical evaluation of core assumptions
Rosen, G. M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.12.002 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 investigators, Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bernert, S., Bruffaerts, R., Brugha, T. S., Bryson, H., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Demyttenaere, K., et al. (2004) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0047.2004.00328.x · Cited by 242 · cited 1× · see citing works
“prolongs illness, service utilisation, and negatively affects functionality [3, 43].”
BackgroundPATTERNS OF LIFETIME PTSD COMORBIDITY: A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS
Galatzer‐Levy, I. R., Nickerson, A., Litz, B. T., & Marmar, C. R. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22048 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Andrews, G., Slade, T. N., & Issakidis, C. (2002) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.181.4.306 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
The measurement of alcohol dependence and impaired control in community samples
Stockwell, T. R., Sitharthan, T., McGRATH, D., & Lang, E. (1994) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00875.x · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Braga, R. J., Mendlowicz, M. V., Marrocos, R. P., & Figueira, I. L. D. V. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.09.003 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Impact of PTSD comorbidity on one-year outcomes in a depression trial
Green, B. L., KRUPNICK, J. L., Chung, J. Y., Siddique, J., Krause, E. D., Revicki, D. A., Frank, L. B., & Miranda, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20279 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Tull, M. T., Jakupcak, M., Paulson, A., & Gratz, K. L. (2007) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800701379249 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder : issues and controversies
Rosen, G. M. (2004) · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Cougle, J. R., Resnick, H. S., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20621 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Burri, A. V., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-407 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Price, M., & van Stolk‐Cooke, K. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.012 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Braakman, M. H., Kortmann, F. A. M., & Van Den Brink, W. (2009) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01252.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication on Violent Versus Other Offending
Felson, R. B., & Staff, J. (2010) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854810382003 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Role of Criterion A2 in the DSM-IV Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Karam, E. G., Andrews, G., Bromet, E. J., Petukhova, M. V., Ruscio, A. M., Salamoun, M., Sampson, N. A., Stein, D. J., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.032 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Issues of validity in the diagnostic interview schedule
Malgady, R. G., Rogler, L. H., & Tryon, W. W. (1992) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(92)90016-h · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: a latent profile analysis
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., & Witte, T. K. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21933 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Rojas, S. M., Bujarski, S. J., Babson, K. A., Dutton, C. E., & Feldner, M. T. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.02.004 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Distinguishing schizophrenia from posttraumatic stress disorder with psychosis
O’Conghaile, A., & DeLisi, L. E. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000158 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Alcohol Dependence and Suicidal Behavior: From Research to Clinical Challenges
Modesto‐Lowe, V., Brooks, D., & Ghani, M. (2006) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220600975089 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
(2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713570 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Evaluation of evidence for the psychotic subtyping of post-traumatic stress disorder
Gaudiano, B. A., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078824 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Strauss, G. P., Duke, L. A., Ross, S., & Allen, D. N. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp122 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 45 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [2]Arkowitz H, Lilienfeld, SO. Chichester, West Sussex, UK, 2017: Wiley Blackwell.
- [21]Kish L Survey sampling 1965 New York Wiley
- [24]First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition. (SCID-I/NP) New York: Biometrics Research, 2002 New York State Psychiatric Institute.
- [29]Meltzer H, Gill B, Petticrew M. OPCS Surveys of Psychiatric Morbidity in Great Britain, Bulletin No.1: The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults aged 16–64, living in private households, in Great Britain, 1994 OPCS: London.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brewin, C. R., Atwoli, L., Bisson, J. I., Galea, S., Koenen, K. C., & Lewis‐Fernández, R. (2025) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21269 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A Public Health Perspective of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Jowf, G. I. A., Ahmed, Z. T., An, N., Reijnders, R. A., Ambrosino, E., Rutten, B. P. F., de Nijs, L., & Eijssen, L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116474 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Brewerton, T. D. (2022) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-022-00696-6 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The potential of ketamine for posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of clinical evidence
Ragnhildstveit, A., Roscoe, J., Bass, L. C., Averill, C. L., Abdallah, C. G., & Averill, L. A. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253231154125 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Brewerton, T. D., Gavidia, I., Suro, G., & Perlman, M. M. (2023) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00773-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Öst, L., Enebrink, P., Finnes, A., Ghaderi, A., Havnen, A., Kvale, G., Salomonsson, S., & Wergeland, G. J. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104323 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Brewerton, T. D., Gavidia, I., Suro, G., Perlman, M. M., Genet, J., & Bunnell, D. W. (2021) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2864 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gagnon-Sanschagrin, P., Schein, J., Urganus, A., Serra, E., Liang, Y., Musingarimi, P., Cloutier, M., Guérin, A., & Davis, L. L. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04267-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lappas, A. S., Glarou, E., Polyzopoulou, Z. A., Goss, G., Huhn, M., Samara, M. T., & Christodoulou, G. N. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.032 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Comorbidity Profiles of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Across the Medical Phenome
Hicks, E. M., Niarchou, M., Goleva, S. B., Kabir, D., Johnson, J., Johnston, K. J. A., Ciarcia, J., Pathak, G. A., Smoller, J. W., Davis, L. K., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100337 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Biomarkers of post-traumatic stress disorder from emotional trauma: A systematic review
Paganin, W., & Signorini, S. (2023) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2023.100328 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Psychiatric comorbidities in older adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
Baltjes, F., Cook, J. M., van Kordenoordt, M., & Sobczak, S. (2023) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5947 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Brewerton, T. D., Gavidia, I., Suro, G., & Perlman, M. M. (2023) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.3035 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Saccenti, D., Lodi, L., Moro, A. S., Scaini, S., Forresi, B., Lamanna, J., & Ferro, M. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14030210 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A critical review of the evolution and interrelation of traumatic stress disorders
Hamadeh, A., El‐Khoury, J., Torales, J. C., Atoui, M., Aggarwal, N. K., Campbell, M., Lashley, M., Narvaez, J. C. D. M., McMahon, A., Ventriglio, A., et al. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000385 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gruenbaum, B. F., Zlotnik, A. A., Oleshko, A., Matalon, F., Shiyntum, H. N., Frenkel, A., & Boyko, M. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16060901 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Guidetti, C., Feeney, A., Hock, R. S., Iovieno, N., Ortiz, J. M. H., D, M. F. M., & Papakostas, G. I. (2024) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000554 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Russo, J. E., Dhruve, D. M., & Oliveros, A. D. (2023) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-023-01048-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ogłodek, E. A. (2022) · Case Reports in Psychiatry · doi:10.1155/2022/7760988 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Male Sexual Health Related Complications Among Combat Veterans
Castillo, O., Chen, I. K., Amini, E., Yafi, F. A., & Barham, D. W. (2022) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.06.002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bellamy, E. L., & Laurent, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1600123 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Vicheva, P., Osborne, C., Krieg, S. M., Ahmadi, R., & Shotbolt, P. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111147 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Trauma as a Public Health Issue: Epidemiology of Trauma and Trauma-Related Disorders
Mew, E. J., Koenen, K. C., & Lowe, S. R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97802-0_2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Balducci, C., Conway, P. M., & Vignoli, M. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/ocp0000371 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tiêt, Q. Q., & Tiet, T.-N. (2024) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-024-08719-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Distressing memories: A continuum from wellness to PTSD
Martalek, A., Dubertret, C., Fovet, T., Strat, Y. L., & Tebeka, S. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.076 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hilberdink, C. E., van Zuiden, M., Olff, M., Roseboom, T. J., & de Rooij, S. R. (2023) · Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease · doi:10.1017/s2040174423000181 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Primasari, I., Hoeboer, C. M., Bakker, A., & Olff, M. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152485 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Treatment of PTSD and SUD for the incarcerated population with EMDR: A pilot study
Bashir, H. A., Wilson, J. F., Ford, J. A., & Hira, N. (2023) · Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling · doi:10.1002/jaoc.12123 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Guo, J., Orgeta, V., Olivé, I., Hoff, E. I., Huntley, J. D., Olff, M., & Sobczak, S. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102198 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Song, Y., Zhao, Y., Baranova, A. V., Cao, H., Yue, W., & Zhang, F. (2024) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0000000000000357 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Brain Fog and Cognitive Dysfunction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Evidence-Based Review
Sanger, B., Alarachi, A., McNeely, H. E., McKinnon, M. C., & McCabe, R. E. (2025) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s461173 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Deahl, M., & Andreassen, M. (2023) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640231193286 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Becker, J. P., Paixão, R. A. P., Correia‐Santos, P., & Quartilho, M. J. (2023) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc13090206 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Psychiatric and substance use disorders in a predominately low-income, black sample in early midlife
Mondi, C. F., Giovanelli, A., Ou, S., & Reynolds, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Davis, L. L., Urganus, A., Gagnon-Sanschagrin, P., Maitland, J., Qu, W., Cloutier, M., Guérin, A., & Aggarwal, J. (2023) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2023.2269839 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Paiva, J. M., Melani, M., Marques, E. S. N., von Arcosy, C., Coutinho, E. S. F., Ventura, P. R., & Berger, W. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2292478 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mulder, M., Kok, R., Aben, B., & de Wind, A. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation · doi:10.1007/s10926-024-10226-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Advances in the pharmacotherapeutic management of post-traumatic stress disorder
Akhtar, A., & Sah, S. P. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2021.1935871 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Post-epileptic seizure posttraumatic stress Disorder: A mediation analysis
Ertan, D., Mezouar, N., Tarrada, A., Maillard, L. G., El‐Hage, W., & Hingray, C. (2024) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109863 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and adult psychopathology: A latent class analysis approach
Mildred-Short, G., & Tashjian, S. M. (2025) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107672 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Neural and psychological correlates of post-traumatic stress symptoms in a community adult sample
Bainter, S. A., Goodman, Z. T., Kupis, L. B., Timpano, K. R., & Uddin, L. Q. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae214 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Astrocytes in Rodent Anxiety-Related Behavior: Role of Calcium and Beyond
Gómez-Gonzalo, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26062774 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Use of Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Bernstein, C. N., Fisk, J. D., Walld, R., Bolton, J. M., Sareen, J., Patten, S. B., Singer, A. G., Lix, L. M., Hitchon, C. A., El-Gabalawy, R. M., et al. (2022) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001955 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Datta, A., Erridge, S., Warner-Levy, J. J., Clarke, E., McLachlan, K., Coomber, R., Asghar, M. S., Bhoskar, U., Crews, M., Angelis, A. D., et al. (2025) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2025.2490539 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Claxton, J., Alberici, A., Meiser‐Stedman, R., & Chiu, H. T. S. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2527550 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dodds, C., Dawson, R. L., Lim, A., Tye, S. J., & Nasrallah, F. A. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253251396255 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Laurin, A., Bottemanne, H., Bulteau, S., Haj, M. E., Sauvaget, A., & Deschamps, T. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106546 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Swanberg, K. M., Prinsen, H., Averill, C. L., Campos, L., Kurada, A. V., Krystal, J. H., Petrakis, I. L., Averill, L. A., Rothman, D. L., Abdallah, C. G., et al. (2024) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.5220 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Shen, Q., Luo, X., Wei, M., & Chen, B. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16378 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Torres, V. A., Coe, E., Jackson, J. E., Leonard, K., Rostockyj, J. A., Swensen, K., Meyer, E. C., Gulliver, S. B., & Jones, S. (2025) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23133 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Trauma and PTSD in the Perinatal Period
Hopkins, T. A., & Hellberg, S. N. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71497-0_16 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Stem Cell Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Novel Therapeutic Approach
Gala, D., Gurusamy, V., Patel, K. R., Damodar, S., Swaminath, G., & Ullal, G. R. (2021) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases9040077 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Palmer, L., Busuttil, W., Simms, A., Fear, N. T., & Stevelink, S. A. M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0308101 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Mitochondria
Strilbytska, O. M., Koliada, O., Lushchak, V. I., & Lushchak, O. V. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73368-0_143 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Potter, C., Feeney, J. C., Fowler, E. J., McKnight, A. J., Kee, F., & McGuinness, B. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118840 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cavicchioli, M., Masoumi, S., Maffei, C., Galli, F., Scaini, S., Mucci, C., & Scalabrini, A. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122034 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mordeno, I. G., & Luzano, J. G. C. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01389-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Optimization of self‐ or parent‐reported psychiatric phenotypes in longitudinal studies
Ivankovic, F., Johnson, S., Shen, J. Z., Scharf, J. M., & Mathews, C. A. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14054 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effects of Bioactive Compounds on PTSD Treatment
Strilbytska, O. M., Koliada, O., Lushchak, V. I., & Lushchak, O. V. (2024) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/011570159x333438240927103741 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder, diabetes mellitus, and alpha-lipoic acid
Serhiyenko, V. A., Чемерис, О. М., Головач, С., & Serhiyenko, A. A. (2025) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.21.1.2025.1495 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Failures in cognitive behavior therapy: The state of the art
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102122 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The impact of trauma above and beyond its mental health consequences: An editorial
Hilberdink, C. E., & Bui, É. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2023.2180576 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social disconnectedness in psychosis: a qualitative perspective
Akcaoglu, Z., Vaessen, T., Teixeira, A., Sips, R., Achterhof, R., Duppen, Z. V., Feyaerts, J., & Myin‐Germeys, I. (2024) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2024.2366424 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Longitudinal network structures in PTSD treatment outcomes: Implications for tailored treatment
Xu, B., Kim, S., Cai, Q., Lubin, E. J., Basha, S. A. J., Blais, R. K., & Tanev, K. S. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119917 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, Y.-D., Ma, J.-Y., Wang, J.-H., Sun, T., & Han, Z. (2025) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.106705 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ossadchaya, E., Tatayeva, R. K., Sembayeva, Z., Nursafina, A. Z., Zhakenova, M., & Slamkhanova, G. (2025) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint6040141 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lilly, K., Mondal, P., Cook, J. M., Perez, S. M., & Lodge, D. J. (2026) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-026-07164-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Queiroga, A. C., Baker, S. D., Meyer, S., Proffitt, S., Swope, E., & Sempsrott, J. R. (2022) · Psychiatry Research Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.psycr.2022.100098 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nabilone for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A 2023 Update
Young, C., MacDougall, D., & Hamson, A. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Health Technologies · doi:10.51731/cjht.2023.582 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Efficacy of fluoxetine and (R,S)-ketamine in attenuating conditioned fear behaviors in male mice
Wells, M., Hoffmann, J., Stage, A., Enger, I., Pomper, J., Briggs, L., & LaCrosse, A. (2024) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.124.002252 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Benfield, R. D., Dingley, C., Reyes, A. T., Serafica, R. C., & Brown, A. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/08445621241309148 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Mitochondria
Strilbytska, O. M., Koliada, O., Lushchak, V. I., & Lushchak, O. V. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32035-4_143-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bridges-Curry, Z., Meckes, S. J., Fountain, C., Wagner, H., Calhoun, P., Kimbrel, N., Rowland, J., Dedert, E., & Ponzini, G. T. (2025) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-025-02864-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Iglesias, L. P., Coelho, A. A., da Silva, N. R., Müller, H. K., Moreira, F. A., Wegener, G., & Joca, S. R. L. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.14.507883 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ansari, A. (2023) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-2354-7.ch011
Dutta, A., & Manohar, H. (2024) · Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1177/09731342241252207
Link Between PTSD and Autoimmune Diseases: A Path to Effective Treatment. Literature review
Kajka, A., Antczak, J., Wojtczak, K., Lipska, J., Fenrych, U., Hamerska, L., Hamerska, J., Bocianiak, B., Ruta, D., & Skupińska, O. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.20.53147
Narcolepsy-related nightmares: a distinct type of nightmares in need of further study
Mundt, J. M. (2024) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae197
Kamstra, A. C., de Vries, S. O., Brilman, M. F., Vasilev, P., Alma, M., van Asselt, A. D. I., Wolf, M., Schoevers, R. A., & Jörg, F. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5330950/v1
Kamstra, A. C., de Vries, S. O., Brilman, M. F., Vasilev, P., Alma, M., van Asselt, A. D. I., Wolf, M., Schoevers, R. A., & Jörg, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1538267 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Perrault‐Sequeira, L., Pugliese, M., MacDonald‐Spracklin, R., Xiao, J., McCarthy, S. D. S., & Myran, D. T. (2025) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.70014
Nguyen, B. T., Phung, T. L., Giang, L. T., Le, N. Q., Blizzard, C. L., Palmer, A. J., Nguyen, H. T., Cooling, N., Skinner, M., Perndt, H., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00068-025-03019-x
Traumafokussierte Psychotherapie der (komplexen) Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung
Priebe, K. (2025) · Die Psychotherapie · doi:10.1007/s00278-025-00818-w
Sex differences in the coherence of PCL5 and CAPS-5 assessments for post-traumatic stress disorder
Bakshi, B., Nalloor, R. I., McCall, W. V., & Vazdarjanova, A. I. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116890 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Maeder, S., Fahim, C., & Martin-Söelch, C. (2025) · Cortica · doi:10.26034/cortica.2025.8925
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF PTSD WITH PSYCHEDELICS: A FUTURE OUTLOOK
Gorski, M., Januszkiewicz, A., Januszkiewicz, W., Machulski, W., Ciarkowska, M., Makulski, J. K., Franczyk, K., Swierk, K., Podkościelny, D., & Gierasimiuk, M. (2025) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.4(48).2025.4392
Ainamani, H., Mbwayo, A., Mathai, M. A., Hall, J., Rukundo, G. Z., & Scharpf, F. (2026) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2026.152672
Roebuck, G., Parkin, G. M., O'Donnell, M. L., Khanna, R., Forbes, D., Lau, W., Serpell, S., Al-Azzawi, H., Santamaria, E., Mohebbi, M., et al. (2026) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-026-05312-7
Moon, Y. K., Song, K., Lee, S., & Choi, H. (2026) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2025.0403
The perspectives of personalizing therapy for PTSD based on coping strategies
Zakurazhnaya, V., Tsurina, A. M., Zimina, P. A., Khamidova, A., Riabinina, D. A., Vasilishena, T. E., Andreyuk, D., Reznik, A. M., Kostyuk, G. P., & Fedotova, J. (2026) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2026.2645597
The Role of Medication in Treatment of Trauma-related Disorders
Santamaria, A., & Döring‐Brandl, E. J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-21028-9_17
Spezifisch Belastungs-assoziierte Störungen
Kapfhammer, H., Eberle, D. J., & Maercker, A. (2026) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_71-2
van der Velden, P. G., Contino, C., Kempe, S., Das, M., & Wittmann, L. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107136
Schuler, C., McAlister, M., Ellis, J., & Lovelady, N. N. (2026) · Injury Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s40621-026-00694-1
Posttraumatic stress disorder in women
Suliman, S., Olff, M., & Seedat, S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-45863-7.00092-5
OnTEPT: a multimodal OWL ontology for post-traumatic stress disorder
Salazar-Castro, J. A., Bobillo, F., López, D. M., Peluffo-Ordóñez, D. H., & Blobel, B. G. M. E. (2026) · Journal of Biomedical Semantics · doi:10.1186/s13326-026-00361-w
- Authors
- Qassem, T., Aly-ElGabry, D., Alzarouni, A., Abdel-Aziz, K., & Arnone, D.
- Affiliations
- Ain Shams University (EG)
- University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Arnone, Danilo
- Venue
- Psychiatric Quarterly
- Published
- 2020-07-23
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 321-330
- ISSN
- 0033-2720 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6709
- PMC
- PMC7904722
- OpenAlex
- W3044333918
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychiatric Quarterly (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- King's College London
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidity, prevalence, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, substance use disorders, psychotic symptoms, sex differences, symptom severity, community mental health, Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Panic Disorder, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
